Jordanian National Research Articles

The Development of the Jordanian National Guard in the 1950s

After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, Palestinians living in the West Bank began to infiltrate Israel. These infiltrations were characterised by robberies and break-ins, and sometimes the killing of Israelis. Israel responded to these actions with military raids and harm to the civilian population in the villages of Jordan from which these infiltrators set out and crossed the border. As a result, a defensive Jordanian National Guard was developed. Shaul Bartal presents the Jordanian military concept behind the Jordanian National Guard and outlines its military successes in repelling Israeli attacks in the period preceding the 1956 Suez Crisis. ◼

Investigation of daylight availability in university dining halls: A case study at the University of Jordan

This study evaluates the availability of daylight inside a university’s dining halls over two days (one sunny and one cloudy) using light meters in real-life sittings. Quantitative monitoring was conducted for horizontal and vertical illuminance levels (HILs and VILs) derived from daylight inside of the dining halls and outside under an unobstructed sky, along with monitoring of the illuminance levels of the artificial light inside. The results are discussed in relation to the minimum recommended HIL value in dining halls of educational buildings (150 lux) set by the Jordanian National Construction Constitution’s lighting code. Further, a questionnaire was conducted with 239 students and employees to evaluate daylight and artificial light from the user’s perspective of the dining halls. HIL, as a dependent variable, was found to vary between the two examined halls, which had different façade fenestrations and hall characteristics. The analysis found that, within the halls, only the area within a 2-metre distance from the north- and west-oriented windows complied with the recommended value, except at breakfast time on a cloudy day. The middle and deepest areas of both halls were significantly lacking in daylight on both cloudy and sunny days. The subjective mean evaluation corresponds with the daylight VILs but contradicts the artificial illuminance levels. As such, subjective needs and preferences may not correspond with objective measurements. This study opens a new path of daylighting research for a largely neglected space: foodservice halls in educational buildings.

Use of interrupted time series methods in the evaluation of the Jordanian National Strategy for Women Empowerment (JNSWE) from 2013 to 2017 and its gender action plan for STEM field

AbstractEven though we have varied backgrounds, experiences, roles, and privileges in the community research field, we are all committed to studying equity theory and associated literature in educational contexts. The purpose of this evaluation is to assess the Jordanian national strategy for women's empowerment from 2013 to 2017 and its gender equality program in its efforts to increase Jordanian women's representation in scientific studies, achieve gender equality, and empower all women and girls, in addition to the goals related to other objectives. This analysis considers interrupted time series methods (randomized controlled trials) to measure the impacts of Jordanian National Strategy for Women Empowerment (JNSWE). Pre‐ and post‐policy periods were compared. Trend, regression analysis, r and r2, and the Mann–Whitney U test were utilized. The impact of this strategy delivers impressive results. This evaluation indicates that between 2013 and 2017, the JNSWE was effective in increasing Jordanian women's presence in STEM studies due to addressing gender inequality, the gender pay gap, and training deficiencies in the field. The first hypothesis was accepted (Z = −2.812, P > .005, df = 11), and the JNSWE's implementation from 2013 to 2017 increased the number of Jordanian women in science. The execution of the JNSWE (2013–2017) supported the representation of Jordanian women in telecommunications more than before, and Hypothesis H2 was accepted (Z = −2.892, P > .004, df = 11). Ultimately, Hypothesis H3 was approved (Z = −2.254, P > .024, df = 11), and the JNSWE's implementation from 2013 to 2017 increased the number of Jordanian women pursuing careers in engineering and mathematics. In this sense, this evaluation is innovative and responsive to the rising calls and concerns of feminists to empirically address the low presence of Jordanian women in scientific studies science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, known by the acronym STEM, and seeks to eliminate all forms of gender bias against women in the public spheres, including pay inequality. Included are the study's recommendations for further research.

Epidemiology of Oral Cavity Malignancies in Adolescents and Young Adults in Jordan: A Population-Based Study

Background: Oral cavity malignancies mostly affect older adults and the elderly. Adolescents and young adults (15–39 years) are less affected. However, there is a paucity of studies addressing the epidemiology of oral cavity malignancies in these age groups.Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of oral cavity malignancies in adolescents and young adults in Jordan.Patients and methods: The records of ordinarily resident patients in Jordan aged between 15 and 39 years, with histologically confirmed oral cavity malignancies, between the years 2000 and 2017, were analyzed. The frequency of each type of malignancy, incidence, annual percentage, site, age, sex and trends were analyzed.Results: Between the years 2000 and 2017, 406 adolescents and young adults fulfilled the inclusion criteria. This comprised 2.9% of all cancers in this age category during the same period. The mean age was 28.5 ± 7.6 years. Some 59.4% were male and 40.6% female. Regarding marital status, 34.2% were single, 61.6% married, and 0.7% divorced, while the marital status of 3.4% was unknown. Most (98.3%) were Jordanian nationals. The number of cases increased from 4.7% in 2000 to 6.2% in 2017, with no statistically significant trend. The overall age-adjusted incidence rate was 7.8 per 1,000,000. It decreased from 9.4 in 2000 to 6.2 in 2017, with no statistically significant trend over the study period. Nasopharyngeal cancer was the most common (56.9%), followed by cancers of the salivary gland (16.7%), tongue (10.3%), gums (6.2%), lips (5.2%), hypopharynx (2.7%), other oral cavity and pharynx (1.0%), oropharynx (0.5%), floor of mouth (0.2%), and tonsils (0.2%). Overall, the incidence of cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx was higher in males. The incidence of cancers of the nasopharynx, tongue, and lips was higher in males, while salivary gland cancer was higher in females. The incidence of cancers of the gum, hypopharynx, and pharynx did not differ between the sexes.Conclusions: The incidence of oral malignancies in adolescents and young adults in Jordan is relatively high compared to worldwide estimates but is not increasing. Risk factors for these malignancies should be the target of primary prevention interventions.

Quality of Life for the Jordanian National Team Female Players

This research primary aimed at investigating the quality of life for the Jordanian National team’s female players and exploring any significant differences in the quality of life over the following variables: ages, economical level, number of play years, injury level, and the game type. The descriptive approach was used. The sample consisted of 73 female players of the National team games female players (football, basketball, handball, and volleyball). The players completed responding on the athlete life quality scale, prepared by (Gentner et al., 2011) which contains 15 items scale which divided into 5 subscales. The analysis results showed that the players reflected a (slightly satisfied) level at quality of life (mean =5.29). The results also showed that no significant differences were reported in the quality of life subscales according to age, economical level, number of play years and injury level. While significant differences were observed in the game type between the basketball female players from one side and the female players of football and hand ball team game such that the differences were favor of the football and hand ball games .The researchers recommend to essentially follow up female player’s needs of the national Jordanian team games and to take care and attention to the psychology and social needs in an attempt to raise their level quality of life which may help to raise and developed performance level.

Burnout, grit and resilience among Jordanian orthopedic surgeons: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundBurnout is a serious issue that affects physicians more than the general population; however, those with higher levels of grit and resilience have been shown to experience lower levels of burnout. The primary aim was to determine the prevalence of burnout among Jordanian orthopedic surgeons, explore its risk factors, and investigate the relationship between burnout and grit and resilience.MethodsWe conducted a questionnaire-based cross-sectional study targeting a total of 180 orthopedic surgeons attending the yearly Jordanian National Orthopedic Conference (JNOC). Non-random sampling (i.e., convenience) was utilized to recruit participants. The abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory, short grit scale, and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used. Scores were examined using the Mann–Whitney U, Kruskal–Wallis H, and Spearman’s rho tests, of which results were corrected using the Bonferroni method.ResultsAmong 135 respondents, 62.2% were specialists and 37.8% were residents. About 52.0% practiced in public hospitals. Approximately 69.0% worked for more than 50 h weekly. The prevalence of burnout among all participants was 45.2% with more frequency among residents (66.7%). Burnout and the participants’ grit and resilience showed an inverse relationship (ρ = -0.441 and ρ = -0.312, respectively). Age (ρ = 0.337), number of children (ρ = 0.245), and years of experience (ρ = 0.331) were positively correlated with grit. The median score for grit was higher in physicians who had or are having their residency outside Jordan (p < 0.001). Age (ρ = 0.233) and years of experience (ρ = 0.269) were positively correlated with resilience.ConclusionJordanian orthopedic surgeons face significant rates of burnout. Institutional efforts should be taken to detect and prevent burnout in addition to enhancing the grit and resilience among orthopedic professionals.

Impact of Syrian Refugees on Male Immigrants’ Labor Market Outcomes in Jordan

This article examines whether the Syrian refugee inflow to Jordan has displaced other immigrant workers in the Jordanian Labor Market. Using data from Jordan, before and after the Syrian refugee influx (in 2010 and 2016), we investigate whether male immigrants’ labor market outcomes, compared to male Jordanian nationals, were affected by Syrian refugees. We control for the geographic sorting of refugees within Jordan using an instrumental variable approach. We find that male immigrants were more likely to be underemployed (i.e., work in the informal sector, work fewer hours, and earn lower monthly wages) in areas with high concentration of Syrian refugees. These findings suggest that the main competition that occurred in the Jordanian Labor Market, between 2010 and 2016, was not between refugees and male Jordanian nationals, but between refugees and male immigrants. These results suggest that studies examining the impact of refugees on the labor market should consider the effects on immigrants who are likely to be more vulnerable than natives.

THE IMPACT OF STRATEGIC FLEXIBILITY ON CORONAVIRUS CRISIS MANAGEMENT, A CASE STUDY: NATIONAL CENTER FOR SECURITY AND CRISES MANAGEMENT IN JORDAN

Strategic flexibility is considered a crucial element that allows institutions to deal with numerous changing conditions in the work environment. The Coronavirus crisis is an emergency condition that currently burdens many countries due to the lack of preparedness of many countries around the world. The current study examines the effect of strategic flexibility in managing and handling the coronavirus crisis. A quantitative method (questionnaire) was used to collect data from all individuals involved in managing the coronavirus crisis at the Jordanian National Center for Security and Crises Management. A total of fifty-five participants were involved in the study. A descriptive analytical approach was employed to analyze the collected data. The results indicate a statistically significant effect of strategic flexibility on managing the coronavirus crisis in Jordan. This study brings to the forefront the potential benefits of strategic flexibility for crisis management within the Jordanian government. The results of the study offer valuable insights for both practitioners and scholars, given the scarcity of empirical studies exploring the correlation between strategic flexibility and crisis management within the Jordanian government. This study provides an important contribution to our understanding of how the Jordanian government can effectively manage crisis situations through the implementation of strategic flexibility. Keywords: Strategic Flexibility, Coronavirus Crisis, Crisis Management, National Center for Security and Crises Management, Jordan DOI： https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.1.50

The Jordanian Issue of National Self-Identification – the Perspective of the Jordanian National Charter and Basic Laws from 1923 and 1947

Jordan is an Arab state that commenced its existence in 1921 as the Emirate of Transjordan. Its establishment resulted from a political game between the British and prince Abdullah from the House of Hashemite. The only justification for a separate state with the capital in Amman was the reign of the Hashemites in this area. In 1991, during democratization of the kingdom’s political system, the Jordanian National Charter was proclaimed. This document summarized the postulates and opinions of the Jordanian society. The analysis of selected passages from the Charter indicates complete dominance of pan-Arab thought among the authors of the text. It is also necessary to indicate frailty of Jordanian identity, despite several decades of the state’s existence. The article indicates the abovementioned dependencies and the fact that the dynasty authority remains the primary aspect of distinctiveness.

Impact of Syrian Refugees on Jordanian National Security

The world has undergone a dramatic change in public opinion and political response to asylum seekers over the past several years. Jordan opened its borders in order to allow Syrian refugees to leave. The Syrian crisis, which started in its seventh year, has cast a shadow across Jordan, a major security burden. Around 1.4 million Syrian refugees were received by Jordan, which formed a component of pressure at all security levels, social, economic, and political. The study aims to examine and analyze the effect of Syrian refugees on Jordan's national security. Design/Methodology/Approach - The study relied on and reviewed reports from UNCHR on the criteria of the Jordanian Response Plan to resolve the implications of the Syrian crisis for the duration of 2017-2020. Reports from the Jordanian Ministry of Education and the Department of Statistics for Jordan were also included, among other reports and studies. Findings- This study highlighted the financial burden involved in the cost of infrastructure-related services (shelter, health, education, water, electricity) to refugee carriers, as well as the security burden needed for border protection and the use of the best technologies to track the borders of refugee incursions or illegal entry. Originality/ Value - Among other host communities for Syrian refugees, Jordan has made invaluable contributions, but while performing this generous mission, it faces growing economic and financial challenges.

A Bibliographic Survey of the Primary Sources for Writing the History of Jordan

This five-part article surveys the most important primary sources that constitute a basic resource for the study of Jordan’s history and civilization from the beginning of Islam until the present time. This article reviews the most prominent primary historical sources divided into five categories written by five authors: 1) the Islamic historical sources by Issam ‘Okleh, 2), sources from the late Ottoman period and the Emirate by Al Mahdi Al Rawadieh Al Mahdi Al Rawadieh, 3) official documents from the Ottoman and Hashemite periods by Hind Abu al-Sha‘ar, 4) British and American documents and documents in the Jordanian National Library by Suhila Shalabi Suhila Shalabi, and 5) German documents by ‘Abd Almajeed Elshannag.

The Jordanian National Charter of 1991 – a Specific Constitutional Experiment

After thirty years of authoritarian leadership of king Hussein I in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1989 the first general election since 1967 was held. In 1991 in Amman the Jordanian National Charter was legislated. This document was a declaration of civil rights and the rules governing the society. Thanks to the Charter the multiparty system was restored. It needs to be stated, however, that the legislation of this act indicated legal nihilism of Jordanian society. The card apparently met the postulates of most ideological groups. Simultaneously, it did not replace the constitution in force and its statements were mutually contradictive. An attempt was made to combine European ideas of democracy and freedom with the rules of Islam. What is even more important is that the relationship between the king and social representatives was not specified. Eventually, the Charter facilitated the King’s political game.

Digitizing National Records of Jordan: Reality and Challenges

The study explored the reality of electronic archiving in the Jordanian National Library, the study also discussed the problems and challenges that the library faced , The main results of the study were : Laws and regulations of Jordan documents Is still not at the required level, especially at the present time in the digital age. -challenges of physical space and virtual space . - Lack in Supervising and controlling all documents produced by ministries, because there is no central system for document preservation, and library systems did not match the document Integrated Archiving System to manage the documents produced in various Jordanian ministries in addition to the privet sector

Future ethical implications and potential health consequences of nanotechnology research in Jordan: A scientometric analysis

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Purpose: To evaluate the implanted legislation and regulations in Jordan, in order to minimize nanotechnology research-related health concerns.&#x0D; Methods: In the first part, all nanotechnology published research in Scopus database and the Jordanian National Database for Researchers were mined. The growth in nanotechnology research was analyzed by calculating the relative growth rate (RGR), doubling time (DT), and compound annual growth rate (CAGR). Thereafter, the results were compared to global preferences. Furthermore, this research explored all possible factors that may influence decision-makers and health policies in Jordan.&#x0D; Results: Data analysis showed that the quantity of nanotechnology research in Jordan is exponentially increasing with RGR (1.96), DT (0.37), and CAGR (33 %) very close to the figures obtained worldwide. The trend line analysis (R2 = 0.9638) expected that more than 65 % of nanotechnology research will be produced within the next 5 years. Moreover, no legislation has been adapted in Jordan to regulate nanotechnology research and industry.&#x0D; Conclusions: Adopting nanotechnology without having any corresponding legislation constitutes a violation of the ethical codes of research, and ignorance of public safety. Moreover, the research suggests a set of steps to organize the crafting of nanotechnology and research in Jordan, and other similar contexts in developing countries.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Assessment of integrating hybrid solar-combined cycle with thermal energy storage for shaving summer peak load and improving sustainability

In this study, the Al-Qatrana powerplant of Jordan, comprising a combined cycle, was integrated with a proposed solar power and thermal energy storage system. This study aims to conduct a comprehensive transient analysis and introduce an operating methodology for the smooth transition between the different system’s operating modes. First, a comparison between the conventional powerplant and the proposed system was presented. Results showed that the integration could lead to a 41 MW improvement in output power, a 10.2 % increase in efficiency, and a 9.2 % relative decrease in SFC at design conditions. After that, shaving the summer peak load of the year 2040 using the proposed system was investigated, following the Jordanian National Electric Power Company vision, where the existing plant will be incapable of coping with the load demand. Hence, the solar and storage systems were utilized to boost the plant’s power. The system was able to meet the 2040 summer peak load and overcome the challenges that stem from the dynamic nature of the load demand and the solar radiation availability. Finally, a feasibility analysis was conducted, the results showed that the return of investment period is 8.58 years, which is encouraging.

Comparative report of compliance to precautionary measures against COVID-19 in Nigeria and Jordan

Purpose of the studyThe purpose of this study is to comparatively report the strategies for implementation of safety measures against the transmission of Covid-19 in Nigeria as the heart of Africa and Jordan as the nexus of Arab world. MethodologyThe methodology used in this study is systematic literature review (SLR) and content analysis of report of the secondary data on Covid-19 which was obtained from Nigerian Centre for Disease Control & Presidential Task Force in Nigeria and Jordanian National Committee for Epidemic. Main findingsThe report showed indicators of compliance to precautionary measures against the spread of Covid-19 in both Nigeria and Jordan. There was an imposition total lockdown in major citizens like Lagos & Abuja in Nigeria and Irbid in Jordan while partial lockdown in other parts of the countries. Also, both countries tried to comply with the safety measures provided by World Health Organization (WHO) against Covid-19 such as: the use of facemask, social distancing, hand sanitizers and school activities were suspended. However, there is no specific fine against the violators of precautionary measures in Nigeria as compared to what is obtainable in Jordan where fines of Jordanian Dinars of 20–50 was imposed. Applications of this studyThe report can be useful to Nigeria Centre for Disease Control & Presidential Task Force in Nigeria, Jordanian National Committee for Epidemic, health workers and policymakers towards strengthening compliance with safety measures that are put in place in curtailing further transmission of the virus. Novelty/originality of this studyMost studies on Covid-19 assessed the rate of the spread of the pandemic but this study attempts to comparatively examine the compliance of precautionary measures in combatting the spread of Covid-19 in both Nigeria and Jordan. The readers would benefit from the study by galvanizing efforts in ensuring the compliance to the safety measures against the transmission of Covid-19 in both Nigeria and Jordan.

Shifting dynamics: Changes in the relationship between total fertility rate and contraceptive prevalence rate in Jordan between 2012 and 2017.

Background: Between the two most recent Population and Family Health Surveys, Jordan saw a dramatic decline in the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) from 3.5 to 2.7 in 5.5 years. Over the same period, modern contraceptive use also declined, from 61.2% to 51.8% among married women. This decrease in both TFR and the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) diverges from the typical relationship seen between these two factors whereby historically as CPR increases, TFR decreases. This paper explores this unique pattern using multiple methodologies. Methods: First, we validate the survey data using nationally collected data on fertility and contraceptive distribution. Second, we look to changes that have historically influenced changes in CPR and TFR, including changes in ideal family size and wanted fertility rates. Third, we explore proximate determinants and other influences on fertility and changes in contraception, examining the changes in the method mix and unmet need; marriage patterns, including the demographics of the married population, spousal separation, and time since last sex; postpartum insusceptibility; infecundity, both primary and secondary; and abortion, to see if any have shifted significantly enough to allow for fertility to decline with less contraceptive use. Results: We find that the decline in fertility in Jordan was driven by a reduction in mistimed or unwanted pregnancies and there was a significant increase in the share of reproductive aged women who are infecund. We also concluded that the changes in fertility and contraceptive use are driven by changes in Jordanian nationals, not by the growing Syrian refugee population. Conclusions: Jordan is not the only country to be experiencing a shift in the typical relationship between CPR and TFR. Results can inform both future approaches for family planning programs and our expectations regarding what kind of change our family planning investments might buy.

Shifting dynamics: Changes in the relationship between total fertility rate and contraceptive prevalence rate in Jordan between 2012 and 2017

Background: Between the two most recent Population and Family Health Surveys, Jordan saw a dramatic decline in the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) from 3.5 to 2.7 in 5.5 years. Over the same period, modern contraceptive use also declined, from 61.2% to 51.8% among married women. This decrease in both TFR and the contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) diverges from the typical relationship seen between these two factors whereby historically as CPR increases, TFR decreases. This paper explores this unique pattern using multiple methodologies. Methods: First, we validate the survey data using nationally collected data on fertility and contraceptive distribution. Second, we look to changes that have historically influenced changes in CPR and TFR, including changes in ideal family size and wanted fertility rates. Third, we explore proximate determinants and other influences on fertility and changes in contraception, examining the changes in the method mix and unmet need; marriage patterns, including the demographics of the married population, spousal separation, and time since last sex; postpartum insusceptibility; infecundity, both primary and secondary; and abortion, to see if any have shifted significantly enough to allow for fertility to decline with less contraceptive use. Results: We find that the decline in fertility in Jordan was driven by a reduction in mistimed or unwanted pregnancies and there was a significant increase in the share of reproductive aged women who are infecund. We also concluded that the changes in fertility and contraceptive use are driven by changes in Jordanian nationals, not by the growing Syrian refugee population. Conclusions: Jordan is not the only country to be experiencing a shift in the typical relationship between CPR and TFR. Results can inform both future approaches for family planning programs and our expectations regarding what kind of change our family planning investments might buy.

The Impact of Enterprise Resource Planning System of Human Resources on the Employees’ Performance Appraisal in Jordan

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of Enterprise Resource Planning System of human resources on the employees’ performance Appraisal in Jordan. It investigates the relationship between System Quality, Information Quality, Service Quality, User Satisfaction; and Performance Appraisal. The study was motivated because most of the literature about ERP systems in Jordan has focused on the success and failure factors of the ERP systems. Jordanian National Electric Power Company (NEPCO) was chosen to conduct the study because it has implemented a new electronic performance appraisal system based on the ERP system. Data were collected via questionnaires from 98 managers and department heads working at Jordanian National Electric Power Company (NEPCO). The results of this study revealed that there is a significant effect of System Quality, Information Quality and User Satisfaction of Enterprise Resource Planning System on Performance Appraisal, while Service Quality has no effect on Performance Appraisal. Therefore, the important recommendation is to improve the service quality of the system and to bring encouragement and confident to the users towards the success of the system.

Jordanian National Identity Aspects in Action Pack Series 7-10

The current study aimed to analyze the Student's Book of Action Pack Series (7-10) concerning its inclusion of various Jordanian national identity aspects within the drawings, reading texts, activities and dialogues. A content analysis sheet was used as a means to investigate the inclusion of certain aspects representing the Jordanian national identity. The results showed that the inclusion of specific Jordanian national aspects in the current analysis is acceptable according to the reading texts whereas for the remaining units of analysis such as dialogues, activities and drawings, there was a remarkable lack. The distribution of the investigated aspects of the Jordanian identity within Action Pack 7-10 was not equal according to the textbooks' content. These findings highlight the need to incorporate additional Jordanian national identity aspects within Action Pack Series. Keywords: Action Pack Series, Content Analysis, Jordan, National Identity