Jones Method Research Articles

Application of regression analysis methods for interpretation of extraction equilibria

A method based on regression analysis has been worked out for the interpretation of extraction equilibria. In the first calculation stage, based on the experimental data, estimates of the multiple regression coefficients are determined; then the values of the stoichiometric coefficients of the corresponding extraction equation are selected. In the next step the validity of the selection is evaluated, determining the estimates of the linear regression coefficients (Jaycock—Jones method). The method presented has been used for the interpretation of extraction equilibria in the extraction of Fe(III) and Cr(III) from NH 4Cl solutions by means of carboxylic acids. The formation of binuclear hydroxy complexes has been shown in the organic phase during Fe(III) extraction by hexanoic and decanoic acids. In the case of extraction of Cr(III) by decanoic acid, trinuclear hydroxy complexes are formed in the organic phase. This method for interpreting extraction equilibria has proved to give better results than graphical methods of the “slope analysis” type.

The sputtering temperature of a cooling cylindrical rod with an insulated core

By a standard application of Jones's method associated with the Wiener-Hopf technique an explicit solution is obtained for the temperature distribution inside a cylindrical rod with an insulated inner core when the rod is allowed to enter into a fluid of large extent with a uniform speed, and a simple integral expression is derived for the value of the sputtering temperature of the rod at the points of entry. Numerical results under certain special circumstances are also obtained and presented in the form of a table.

On the possibility of an analytic solution of some classical problems of diffraction theory

The two well-known approaches (the method of integral equations and the Jones method) do not exhaust all possibilities of reducing a boundary value problem to the Wiener-Hopf-Fock equation solvable in explicit form. Examples of these possibilities for two classical problems of electrodynamics are given.

A note on Jones's method associated with the Wiener‐Hopf technique

A unified approach is presented which reduces a general problem of diffraction by a half‐plane into a Wiener‐Hopf problem by a method known in the literature as Jones's method.

An Empirical Comparison Of Two Minimum Residual Factor Extraction Methods.

Comrey and Harman & Jones have proposed different methods of factor analyzing a correlation matrix using on!y the off-diagonal elements. The purpose of such procedures is to avoid using the diagonal communality elements of the matrix theft are generally unknown and must be estimated. This study was undertaken to provide an empirical comparison of the two methods. The Comrey method was considerably faster but the Harman & Jones method produced higher derived communalities. Both methods gave very similar empirical rotated solutions. Implications of the results are discussed. This study was carried out in response to a question (personal communication) posed by Professor Jura Nunnally about the nature of the Comrey and Harman-Jones solutions. The authors wish to express their thanks to Harry Harman for providing a copy of his minres computer program.

Urinary excretion of glycosaminoglycans in disseminated neoplasm.

Urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion was studied in 24 cases of disseminated neoplasm, 12 of which had unequivocal evidence of skeletal involvement. Urinary hydroxyproline, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-precipitable uronic acid, and CPC-precipitable hexosamine were expressed as a ratio to urinary creatinine. Glycosaminoglycans contained in urine concentrated x 1000 by vacuum-dialysis were separated by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate and stained with alcian blue. Of the 12 cases with clear evidence of skeletal involvement, eight (66%) showed elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase, five (42%) showed elevation of urinary hydroxyproline, and three (25%) showed elevation of urinary uronic acid. It is concluded that urinary uronic acid is not a sensitive index of skeletal involvement in disseminated neoplasm. The most striking feature of the study was the identification of a well-defined fraction indist inguishable from hyaluronic acid in seven (58%) of the cases with evidence of skeletal involvement. Hyaluronic acid is not normally identifiable in adult human urine. The hyaluronic acid excretors showed more consistent biochemical evidence of bone disease (elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase and urinary hydroxyproline) than the non-excretors. The possibility that the urinary hyaluronic acid is derived from degradation of skeletal hyaluronic acid is discussed. An alternative explanation is that the hyaluronic acid is derived from neoplastic cells as part of a reversion of glycosaminoglycan synthesis to a more ;fetal' state, a glycosaminoglycan counterpart of the production of oncofetal antigens by neoplastic cells.

Applications of the method of molecular rotation differences in structural and stereochemical problems in triterpenes

The specific rotation data of some triterpenoid alcohols and their simple functional derivatives have been correlated by the Barton and Jones method of molecular rotation differences (MRD). Cases in the literature in which the recorded specific rotation data are erroneous have been indicated for possible correction.

Application of the method of molecular rotation differences in structural and stereochemical problems in triterpenes

In the literature of 105 unsaturated tetracyclic and pentacyclic triterpenoid alcohols and their simple derivatives have been correlated by the Barton and Jones Method of Molecular Rotation Differences (MRD). By so doing, all the known compounds have been divided into nineteen stereoskeletal types with diagnostic, in some cases, values of MRD New generalisations are made on the application of this method to the elucidation of structures of triterpenoids. Cases in the literature in which the reported specific rotation values are at variance with the established structures are indicated for future investigation and correction, especially in the more serious ones.

Equilibrium of a slope with a tectonic crack: PMM vol. 40, n≗1, 1976, pp. 136–151

Equilibrium of an elastic half-plane with a rectilinear crack reaching the half-plane free boundary at an arbitrary angle is considered as a plane problem of the theory of elasticity. It is assumed that known compressive stresses are applied at considerable distance from the crack forcing the opposite boundaries of the crack to contact each other. Interaction between the crack boundaries are defined by the law of dry friction with cohesion. Mathematically this problem is analogous to that of a tectonic crack filled with a low-strength medium. First, the problem is stated and fundamental relationships are presented. The Wiener-Hopf equation of the considered problem is derived with the use of Mellin transform and Jones method. The exact analytical solution of the Wiener-Hopf equations is then obtained and the stress intensity coefficient at the tip of the crack is determined. The obtained solution is used for investigating the geophysical problem of stability of a slope with a tectonic crack.

Direct counts of soil organisms using a fluorescent brightener and a europium chelate

THE Jones and Mollison (1948) technique is regarded as a suitable method for enumeration of soil bacteria and fungi. However, even in the hands of experienced soil microbiologists, distractions presented by non-microbiological particles and the close associations of cells with such particles, are often difficult to resolve. Fluorescence microscopy could aid in overcoming these difficulties but for the autofluorescence of agar and many of the nonmicrobiological particles of plant, animal and insect origin. Acridine orange, which in any event does not clearly distinguish living and dead cells is absorbed by organic matter and also cannot be used in conjunction with the Jones and Mollison technique because of the strong autofluorescence of agar (Gray, Baxby, Hill and Goodfellow, 1968). We have found the use of a fluorescent brightener and europium chelate to be satisfactory in overcoming some of these difficulties. The fluorescent brightener (FB) found to be most suitable was the disodium salt of 4,4’-bis(4-anilino-6-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) amino-S-triazin-2-ylamino)2,2’-stilbene disulphonic acid* which Darken (1962) showed to be effectively absorbed by growing cultures of bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes and higher fungi. The chelate, tris (4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2thienyl)-1,3 butanediono) europium,? designated Eu (TTA),, has been shown to be firmly bound within microorganisms and is particularly easy to observe since its emission spectrum is in the 630 nm region (Staff, Dyer and Mori, 1969). In assessing these compounds, comparisons were made against counts by the standard Jones and Mollison soil-agar film method using phenol aniline blue (PAB). Three soils, a sandy loam, a loam and a clay loam were used and films prepared on a haemocytometer in a sterile-air cabinet using Oxoid No. 1 agar previously suction-filtered whilst hot, through a Millipore pre-filter pad. This procedure helps to reduce the numbers of bacterial cells which Harris (1969) found to be present in several agar powders. All other aqueous or solvent materials were membrane filtered (0.22~ porosity) and glass slides (0.6-0.8 mm thickness) were thoroughly cleaned and sterilized. Initially, both the FB and Eu (T’TA), were used as separate stains to replace PAB. A 2.5 x 10e5M aqueous solution of FB, or a 10d3M Eu (TTA), solution in 50 per cent ethanol were found to give suitable results. In both cases, efficient removal of excess stain was important and a minimum of 20 ml of either water or 50 per cent ethanol, applied over the film from a pipette, was used. When illuminated with an HB-200 mercury vapour lamp,

Tracking Facila Expressions by using Stereoscopy Video and Back Propagation Neural Network

In this paper we propose a method to tracking facial expressions. A system with two cameras is used tocapture stereoscopic video sequences. The frames are acquired and analyzed by matching twostereoscopic frames through a correlation method that performs image processing to obtain a resultingframe, and then it is processed to recognize a human face by using the Viola and Jones (VJ) method. Theface is located via the Nitzberg operator and it provides the feature points of the eyes, eyebrows, noseand mouth, which are introduced into a Backpropagation neural network that is capable of learning andclassifying different types of facial expressions that make a person, feel such as: surprised, scared,unhappy, sad, mad and happy. Finally, the result of this process is recognition of facial expressions.Keywords: Facial expression; Backpropagation neural networks; VJ method; Nitzberg algorithm.DOI: 10.3126/kuset.v6i1.3303Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol.6(1) 2010, pp11-24

Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament Using the Jones Procedure and Its Guyʼs Hospital Modification

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An Improved Method for Calculating Water Resistivities From Chemical Analyses

Abstract An equation has been developed for calculating water resistivities from chemical analyses. This equation provides a means of obtaining resistivities of formation waters directly from chemical analyses without the aid of tables, conversion factors or resistivity vs concentration plots. The study included 885 water analyses covering a variety of oil producing formations for which the water resistivity and chemical analysis were known. A majority of the water analyses were obtained from fields in East Texas, while the remaining data comes from fields in South Arkansas and North Louisiana. The accuracy obtained by applying this method was found to be better than the accuracies of other methods reported in the literature. The average deviation for the South Arkansas and North Louisiana data was 3.77 per cent and 4.68 per cent for East Texas fields. Introduction Several methods of calculating water resistivities from chemical analyses have been reported in the literature. Both Tixier and Jones proposed methods based on the Palmer system. These methods require that the chemical analyses be given in terms of primary and secondary alkalinity and salinity. In the Tixier method, one adds the reciprocals of the resistivities of the salts formed in the Palmer recombination scheme to obtain the reciprocal of the water resistivity. In the Jones method, a series of conversion factors to change the primary and secondary salinity and alkalinity to equivalent quantities of NaCl is used. Dunlap and Hawthorne proposed a method whereby the various ions reported in the chemical analysis are converted to an equivalent amount of NaCl. This was done by multiplying each ionic constituent in a given chemical analysis by a conversion factor to obtain the equivalent concentration in ppm of NaCl. The conversion factors were determined by measuring resistivities of a number of simple solutions containing only two types of ions, one of which was always either sodium or chloride. For the method presented by Dunlap and Hawthorne, the average of the absolute values of the per cent deviation between the measured and calculated resistivities was 3.3 per cent. For the Tixier method and the Jones method, the averages of the absolute value of the per cent deviation were 7.8 and 4.6 per cent, respectively. The principal advantage of the Dunlap and Hawthorne method over those methods reported by Tixier and Jones is speed and convenience. Dunlap and Hawthorne checked the accuracy of their method by comparing measured and calculated resistivities of formation waters from 26 wells in the Gulf Coast region. Water resistivities ranged from 0.097 to 3.52 ohm-m at 68F.A review of the literature shows an apparent need for a more direct method of calculating water resistivities from chemical analyses without the aid of tables, conversion factors or resistivity concentration plots. The purpose of this study was to develop a method whereby resistivities of brines from oil-producing formations can be calculated directly from one equation. Discussion One approach to calculating water resistivities from chemical analyses is to develop a single equation based on data obtained over a wide range of chemical concentrations. This technique was utilized in the development of this investigation. Data reported by Hawkins et were selected as the basis for correlating the water resistivity with the chemical analysis. These data were obtained from a variety of oil producing formations in East Texas, South Arkansas and North Louisiana. The chemical analyses and electrical resistivity measurements reported by these investigators represent 422 samples of oilfield brines from 120 East Texas fields in Railroad Commission of Texas Districts 5 and 6. These samples represent water from all of the major petroleum productive formations in the area. Other data include 267 samples from 74 oil fields in South Arkansas and 199 samples from 80 fields in North Louisiana. Resistivities were measured at 75F. JPT P. 1396ˆ

Gloss Measurement of Papers: A Comparative Study

The performance of the Bausch and Lomb and Sheen glossmeters is examined. Comparison of gradings of nine printing papers according to visual and instrumental means shows that, despite high correlation between them, there are nevertheless important discrepancies not attributable to sampling, instrumental or personal errors. The effect of angle of incidence and viewing on grading is investigated; best results are noted at 45°, and the discrepancies become more pronounced at greater angles. Gradings of the same papers according to the Jones, Askania, Goerz, Ostwald and Klughardt methods are examined; all are found unsatisfactory. It is concluded that, for the limited range of papers tested, the most satisfactory grading is given by measurements of the intensity of light received when angles of incidence and viewing are 45°.

XXXII. On the measurement of particle size by the X-ray method

Summary The difficulty involved in measuring the true diffraction broadening caused by the diffraction of X-rays by small crystailites is discussed. A simple relationship is shown to exist between the Jones method of determining the line broadening and the definition of Warren, which is , the latter replacing the Scherrer definition β Scherrer=B-b, which Warren asserts is incorrect. The intermediate value is not very different from that using the Jones curve from a molybdenum calibration specimen for the particle size of colloidal gold, nor from that of the author for graphite. Thus the need for carrying out a lengthy series of graphical integrations to obtain a Jones curve no longer seems to be required. It is also shown how a sudden onset of growth in a small fraction of the crystallites in the specimen leads to extremely high values of the particle size. In order to interpret the result correctly as a real growth of the entire specimen or as merely the increase in percentage of the portion greater than 1000 A. in size, the use of a large (19 cm. diameter) Debye-Scherrer camera is shown to be essential. An approximate relationship between the apparent fractional increase in particle size and the weight fraction of the specimen greater than 1000 A. is given. An anomaly in the growth of carbon crystallites from heat-treated cellulose is cited as a specific example.

The Freezing-Point of Dilute Solutions

CORRECT determinations of the freezing-point of dilute solutions are of fundamental importance in connection with the general theory of the subject, and it is therefore anything but satisfactory to find that, in spite of the closeness with which the individual results of the same observer agree amongst themselves, the results of different observers are in many cases widely separated. For example, the following values have been given as the molecular depression of the freezing-point in the case of a 1 per cent, aqueous solution of sugar:—2˙02, Arrhenius; 2˙07, Raoult; 2˙01, Pickering; 2˙18, H. C. Jones; 1˙81, Loomis. The results of Jones and Loomis, both of whom claim increased accuracy for the methods they employ, differ by some 18 per cent. The theoretical value of the molecular depression, calculated from the melting-point and heat of fusion of ice, is 1˙86. The cause of these differences has given rise to much discussion. Pickering has attempted to show that Jones's results, wherein the temperature was read to the ten-thousandth of a degree, were affected by thermometer errors. Jones has replied that his thermometer was tested. Kohlrausch has drawn attention to probable sources of error in Jones's method, but is compelled to admit that the differences between the results of Jones and Loomis must, in the main, be due to some unknown source of error.