Joint Development Research Articles

Russian-Chinese cooperation in the Arctic

This article examines the main areas of cooperation between Russia and the People’s Republic of China in the Arctic region. In the new geopolitical conditions, sanctions, deterioration of relations with Western countries, Russia has reoriented its foreign policy with the countries of Asia and the Global South. To maintain stability and develop the economy, it is necessary to solve internal problems of regional development. The most important from the point of view of socio-economic and geopolitical factors are such macro-entities as the Far East and the Arctic. Separate management institutions have been established – the Ministry for the Far East and the Arctic, the Corporation for the Development of the Far East and the Arctic. Regulatory and legal acts concerning the development of these regions are being adopted. The largest investment projects are being implemented, in which foreign investors, including Chinese ones, invest. In recent years, China has been pursuing an active foreign policy in the Arctic region. There is a growing interest in the development of the Northern Sea Route and the Northwest Route. As an observer country in the Arctic Council since 2013, China has its own interests in the legal definition of Arctic sea waters. Scientific cooperation with Arctic countries in the field of climate change and northern lights observation is increasing. In recent years, Russia and China have been strengthening interstate cooperation in various areas. The most effective area today seems to be cooperation in the energy sector, for example, the YAMAL LNG project. The areas of construction of nuclear icebreakers and joint development of the Northern Sea Route seem promising. China is also expected to contribute to the development of investment projects in the Far East, among which it is worth highlighting the territories of advanced development. For the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the most important project is the construction of the Lena Bridge, which should connect transport routes in the Far East, East Asia and the Arctic.

SOCIAL MODEL OF THE STATE IN UKRAINE: EUROPEAN AND DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE

The article analyzes the concept of a number of social states in European countries and Ukraine in order to determine the features of the development and formation of this model in our country. In particular, the authors traced the patterns of the formation of the Ukrainian social state and studied the legacy that has remained to us.In the course of covering this issue, the key point in the formation of the social state in Ukraine is the level of economic development, on which virtually all social security depends. However, in the opinion of the authors, the low level of development of the country cannot cancel the existence of the concept of the social state, although it can reduce the level of social security. The key is that the country guarantees minimum social protection. This is the minimum that the state must prescribe in the laws. These are the minimum amounts of wages, incomes of citizens, pensions, social assistance, and the amounts of other types of social payments.The authors noted the fact that in Ukraine the concept of the social state is real and in conditions of total war is the most optimal from the point of view of constitutional principles, ensuring the existence and joint development of a legal and social state.

Numerical simulation of fracture evolution behaviors in deep roadway surrounding rock containing discontinuous joints

To explore the internal bearing characteristics and fracture evolution laws of discontinuous jointed rock mass in deep roadways, the −600 m main roadway in Xin ’an Coal Mine was used as the research background. The fracture fractal dimension D was employed to characterize the joint density, and an intermittent jointed roadway model, both without support and with anchor cable support, was modeled using the particle flow software PFC2D. The internal stress, deformation, and fracture characteristics of intermittent jointed surrounding rock in tunnels with different support methods and joint densities were studied from a microscopic perspective. The results indicate that during the bearing process of the bolt anchor support and unsupported roadway discontinuous jointed rock mass model, the main bearing area of both models transferred from the surface rock mass to the deep rock mass. The tensile cracks of the anchor cable support model were reduced by 57.7% compared with the unsupported model, effectively suppressed the tensile failure of the surrounding rock, and the convergence of the surrounding rock was substantially reduced. The density of intermittent joints was negatively correlated with the bearing capacity of the surrounding rock mass of roadways, and the increase of joint density the overall failure of the surrounding rock, and the possibility of roadway destabilization was increased. Importantly, the number and distribution of intermittent joints in the surface surrounding rock were closely related to the rupture characteristics of the roadways. When the load exceeded the ultimate load of the deep surrounding rock, stress fluctuation occurred due to the stress drop caused by its destruction. This fluctuation promoted the development of intermittent joints in the surface surrounding rock, increasing the risk of roadway destabilization.

Development of a Cable-Driven Bionic Spherical Joint for a Robot Wrist.

Wrist movements play a crucial role in upper-limb motor tasks. As prosthetic and robotic hand technologies have evolved, increasing attention has been focused on replicating the anatomy and functionality of the wrist. Closely imitating the biomechanics and movement mechanisms of human limbs is expected to enhance the overall performance of bionic robotic hands. This study presents the design of a tendon-driven bionic spherical robot wrist, utilizing two pairs of cables that mimic antagonist muscle pairs. The cables are actuated by pulleys driven by servo motors, allowing for two primary wrist motions: flexion-extension and ulnar-radial deviation. The performance Please confirm if the "1583 Iiyama" is necessary. Same as belowof the proposed robot wrist is validated through manipulation experiments using a prototype, demonstrating its capability to achieve a full range of motion for both ulnar and radial deviation. This wrist mechanism is expected to be integrated into robotic systems, enabling greater flexibility and more human-like movement capabilities.

Tgfβ signaling stimulates glycolysis to promote the genesis of synovial joint interzone in developing mouse embryonic limbs.

The initial interzone cells for synovial joints originate from chondrocytes, but such critical transition is minimally understood. With single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) of murine embryonic knee joint primordia, we discovered that heightened expression of glycolysis genes characterized developing interzone cells when compared to flanking chondrocytes. Conditional deletion of the glucose transporters Glut1 and/or Glut3, in either the incipient pre-skeletal mesenchyme with Prx1Cre or in chondrocytes with Col2Cre, disrupted interzone formation dose-dependently. In contrast, deletion of Glut1/3 in established interzone cells with Gdf5Cre did not have similar severe disruption of joint development. scRNA-seq revealed that Glut1/3 deletion by Prx1Cre impeded Tgfβ signaling in the developing interzone cells. Direct elimination of Tgfβ signaling with Prx1Cre partially phenocopied the deletion of Glut1/3 in impairing interzone formation. Tgfβ stimulated glycolysis in chondrocytes via activation of mTOR and Hif1α in vitro. The data support that the essential conversion of chondrocytes to interzone cells requires a transient elevation of glycolysis partly dependent on Tgfβ signaling.

Level measurement, regional variations, and the dynamic evolution of active aging in China-analysis based on CHARLS tracking data.

Given the world's largest and increasingly serious aging population, China has elevated "positively responding to aging of population" to a national strategy. Exploring the current state and evolutionary trends of active aging over the past decade is a fundamental prerequisite and the primary task for implementing this strategy. Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2018), this study primarily employs methods such as the entropy method, Gini coefficient, Moran index, and Kernel density estimation to analyze the development level, regional differences, and dynamic evolution of active aging in China. (1) From a general point of view, the overall level of active aging in China has not been high in the past decade, but has shown a rising trend year by year. Older Chinese people exhibit high levels of physical and mental health, but social participation and economic status remain areas of weakness in active aging. (2) Inter-regional differences are the main source of the overall differences in the level of active aging in China. (3) There is a spatial clustering of the active aging level in China, along with a neighborhood effect. (4) The bifurcation phenomenon of active aging in China has intensified over time. While the eastern region exhibits uneven development, the central and western regions have generally had more balanced growth. To improve the level of active aging among older adult individuals in China, policymakers should continuously optimize policies and pay more attention to the economic status and social participation of the older adult. Local governments should not only fully leverage their regional advantages but also interact with other regions to achieve cross-regional joint development.

북핵 및 미사일 위협에 대응한 한국, 미국, 일본과의 미사일 방어 협력 강화 연구

As the threat from North Korea's nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles intensifies, South Korea will establish a strategic command center on Armed Forces Day on October 1, 2024, and seek to quickly respond to North Korea's nuclear weapons and weapons of mass destruction. President Yoon Seok-yeol made the Washington Declaration in April 2023, calling for the ROK-US alliance to build a strong alliance based on nuclear weapons. South Korea sought to strengthen security while strengthening the foundation for cooperation between Korea and the United States on extended deterrence in the ROK-US Nuclear Consultative Group(NCG). This study focused on the need to strengthen military power by analyzing cases of the United States, Israel and Japan that cooperated in missile defense. South Korea should strengthen its missile defense cooperation with the United States and Japan and use it to enhance South Korea's national interests. South Korea needs to develop weapons systems and strengthen its military power through joint research and development with the United States and Japan.

Analysis of the concerted development plan to improve user satisfaction in a local government in Arequipa

The study examines the Joint Development Plan (PDC) of José Luis Bustamante y Rivero district (2011-2021), a strategic document designed to guide the community’s integral and sustainable growth. Based on a situational analysis, four strategic axes are identified: social development, economic productivity, urban-environmental management, and institutional governance. However, the PDC shows limitations in addressing global megatrends such as digital transformation, environmental sustainability, and climate resilience. This work suggests updating the PDC by incorporating digital technologies to optimize municipal management, climate adaptation strategies, and urban sustainability measures. It also recommends using SMART indicators and fostering multisectoral partnerships to enhance its impact. Aligning the PDC with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and trends like digitization and renewable energy would enable more effective and future-oriented planning. These changes would position the district as a model of inclusive, resilient, and sustainable development.

Development and Performance Evaluation of a Composite Elastic Asphalt Precast Expansion Joint

Development and Performance Evaluation of a Composite Elastic Asphalt Precast Expansion Joint

Schumpeterian Implications of Government-led Local Innovation: Evidence from China

This study examines the impact of governmental interventions on the performance of local innovation through technological leapfrogging. Local innovation is defined under the framework of Schumpeterian innovation, encompassing the emergence of high-tech de-novo firms. Additionally, we investigate the potential correlation between national R&D investment and the emergence rate of de-novo firms in a specific region. To test this hypothesis, we analysed the effects of a nationwide scheme in China known as the Jingjinji project; the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Joint Development Project, on the formation of de-novo firms dedicated to cutting-edge technologies. We employed panel data from 212 locales in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei to evaluate the policies’ impact on Hebei’s innovation, as well as the role played by government R&D investment. Based on the difference-in-difference results, the Jingjinji project was found to have a statistically significant positive impact on innovation. However, the emergence of de-novo firms had a negative impact on the project’s success due to decreased R&D investment. This study emphasises the significance of government intervention in promoting local innovation, not only in China but also in other nations.

The OsMAPK6-OsWRKY72 module positively regulates rice leaf angle through brassinosteroid signals.

Leaf angle is a major agronomic trait that determines plant architecture, which directly affects rice planting density, photosynthetic efficiency, and yield. The plant phytohormones brassinosteroids (BRs) and the MAPK signaling cascade are known to play crucial roles in regulating the leaf angle, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we report a rice WRKY family transcription factor gene, OsWRKY72, which positively regulates leaf angle by affecting lamina joint development and BR signaling. Phenotypic analysis showed that oswrky72 mutants had smaller leaf angles and exhibited insensitive to exogenous brassinosteroid, while the OsWRKY72 overexpression lines led to enlarged leaf angles and were hypersensitive to exogenous BR. Histological sections indicated that the change in leaf inclination was due to asymmetric cell proliferation and growth at the lamina joint. Further investigation showed that OsWRKY72 directly bound to the promoter regions of BR receptor kinase (OsBRI1), a key gene in the BR signaling pathway, and activated its expression to positively regulates rice BR signaling. In addition, we discovered that OsWRKY72 can interact with OsMAPK6 and be phosphorylated, and this phosphorylation event enhanced OsWRKY72 activity in promoting OsBRI1 expression. The genetic evidence confirmed that OsMAPK6, OsWRKY72 and OsBRI1 functions in a common pathway to regulate leaf angles. Collectively, our findings elucidate the critical role of the transcription factor OsWRKY72 in regulating rice leaf angle. These results provided valuable insights into the molecular regulatory networks governing plant architecture in rice.

Open-Source AI-based SE Tools: Opportunities and Challenges of Collaborative Software Learning

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become instrumental in advancing software engineering (SE) tasks, showcasing their efficacy in code understanding and beyond. AI code models has demonstrated their value not only in code generating but also in defect detection, enhancing security measures, and improving overall software quality. They are emerging as crucial tools for both software development and maintaining software quality. Like traditional SE tools, open-source collaboration is key in realising the excellent products. However, with AI models, the essential need is in data. The collaboration of these AI-based SE models hinges on maximising the sources of high-quality data. However, data especially of high quality, often holds commercial or sensitive value, making it less accessible for open-source AI-based SE projects. This reality presents a significant barrier to the development and enhancement of AI-based SE tools within the software engineering community. Therefore, researchers need to find solutions for enabling open-source AI-based SE models to tap into resources by different organizations. Addressing this challenge, our position paper investigates one solution to facilitate access to diverse organizational resources for open-source AI models, ensuring privacy and commercial sensitivities are respected. We introduce a governance framework centered on federated learning (FL), designed to foster the joint development and maintenance of open-source AI code models while safeguarding data privacy and security. Additionally, we present guidelines for developers on AI-based SE tool collaboration, covering data requirements, model architecture, updating strategies, and version control. Given the significant influence of data characteristics on federated learning, our research examines the effect of code data heterogeneity on federated learning performance. We consider 6 different scenarios of data distributions and include 4 code models. We also include 4 most common federated learning algorithms. Our experimental findings highlight the potential for employing federated learning in the collaborative development and maintenance of AI-based software engineering models. We also discuss the key issues to be addressed in the co-construction process and future research directions.

SCIENTIFIC AND RESEARCH COOPERATION BETWEEN UNIVERSITIES AND BUSINESS: OPTIMIZATION OF PARTNER SEARCH WAYS

Scientific, technical and innovative cooperation between universities and business is actualized by two circumstances: 1) the need to transform the domestic economy towards increasing its science-intensiveness and 2) the growing interest of higher education institutions in such cooperation due to the desire to receive additional funding, both through the fulfillment of research orders from corporations and through the formulaic calculation of budget allocations, which depend on the volume of scientific, technical and consulting services provided. There are various models of scientific and research cooperation between universities and business: open science and open innovation, the model of the national innovation system, the triple helix model, each of which proves the need for such collaboration. However, the practical aspect of building effective cooperation between universities and business in scientific, research and innovation activities is still poorly studied. Economically developed countries pay considerable attention to studying the issues of joint scientific research between universities and the business sector. The summary of the reports of sociological research of EU countries among the heads of universities and business structures in 2011-2012, 2016-2018, 2020-2021 made it possible to summarize both the reasons for the interest of universities and business in joint research and development and the obstacles to their effective cooperation. It was found that in Ukraine, research cooperation between higher education institutions and the business sector is not widespread, although it has great potential. The main barriers to such cooperation were identified, among which the problem of initiating research cooperation is highlighted. Teachers do not know how to find a partner for scientific and research cooperation. An algorithm for preparing a university for research partnership with business is proposed, which includes seven main stages, the procedure for their implementation and a set of measures for each stage. Using the proposed approach will help universities optimize the organization of joint R&D with business.

Enhancing Friction Stir Welding Performance: Finite Element Simulation Study using Filler Material

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a groundbreaking method that revolutionizes welding by utilizing friction-induced heat to join metals without melting them. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the FSW process using the numerical software Simufact Forming, focusing on the critical aspect of introducing filler material during the welding operation. Our work involved meticulous simulations to analyze the impact of filler material on the quality and integrity of the weld joint. Through detailed modelling and parameter optimization, we successfully demonstrated the significance of the refill stage in achieving superior welding outcomes. Our main results reveal a substantial enhancement in the weld joint's mechanical and metallurgical properties when filler material is strategically introduced. The simulations provided valuable insights into the optimal conditions for the refill stage, including tool movement, material feeding rates, and key process parameters. These findings contribute to the ongoing efforts in refining FSW techniques, facilitating the development of high-performance welded joints.

Analysis of EU’s Coupled Carbon and Electricity Market Development Based on Generative Pre-Trained Transformer Large Model and Implications in China

With increasing global attention on carbon emission control and sustainable development, the carbon market has become an important tool for promoting environmental sustainability and carbon emission regulation. As an important part of energy trading, the electricity market is closely related to the carbon market and their effective coupling is critical for achieving sustainable energy transitions. Power generation can effectively link carbon prices and electricity prices. Through the promulgation of reasonable policies, we can promote the coupling of the carbon market and the electricity market, and then, through macro-control, promote the steady and joint development of the carbon and electricity markets, improve the construction of the carbon rights market, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and create a sustainable future for humanity. Given the relative maturity of the EU carbon market and electricity market, this paper identifies key points of market volatility through the coupling coordination model analysis and uses the GPT large model analysis to analyze policy factors that have a greater impact on carbon market and electricity market transactions. The research results show that market-regulating policies and expectation management policies have the greatest impact on the degree of coupling between the carbon and electricity markets. The impact of secondary policies such as international cooperation policies and structural adjustment policies is relatively insignificant. Although the development of China’s carbon market faces many challenges, reasonable policy interventions are expected to achieve significant results in the domestic carbon market. Finally, this paper also draws on analogy analysis to draw corresponding implications for China from the EU’s carbon–electricity coupling policy promulgation.

СЕРГЕЙ СЕМЁНОВИЧ НЕУСТРУЕВ. ЖИЗНЬ, ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ И НАУЧНЫЙ ВКЛАД В РАЗВИТИЕ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО ПОЧВОВЕДЕНИЯ: К 150-ЛЕТИЮ СО ДНЯ РОЖДЕНИЯ

The article tells about the life and scientific achievements of this scientist. The major stages of S.S. Neustruev’s work are given: a theorist of soil science from Dokuchaev’s school, a famous geologist and one of the most talented physical geographers. His unique capacities for synthesis, a special ceaseless role of soil-geographical, cadastral and geological researches conducted by him are shown. S.S. Neustruev’s scientific views about the joint development of geomorphology and soil, their interconnections have developed approaches to develop regional Russian and global soil classifications and to study ecological and biosphere soil functions. New facts of his life and scientific activity are presented. He was a Russian soil scientist, geographer, naturalist, graduate from Moscow University, researcher of Central Asia, the South- East of the Russian Plain, and the Volga region. Being professor of the Geographical Institute in Petrograd (1918), he headed the first department of soil geography in Russia. He was the first to introduce the term “serozem” and establish the serozem type of soil formation in deserts and semi-deserts, and developed a classification of soils for a number of regions of Central Asia. He was Head of the Commission on Soil Genesis of the First All-Union Congress of Soil Scientists; Participant of the 1st International Congress of Soil Scientists in the USA (1927); Corresponding member of the Agricultural Academy (Czech Republic).

Molecular Determinants of Neutrophil Extracellular Vesicles That Drive Cartilage Regeneration in Inflammatory Arthritis.

This study was undertaken to establish the potential therapeutic profile of neutrophil-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in experimental inflammatory arthritis and associate pharmacological activity with specific EV components, focusing on microRNAs. Neutrophil EVs were administered intra-articularly through a prophylactic or therapeutic protocol to male C57BL/6 mice undergoing serum-transfer-induced inflammatory arthritis. Transcriptomic analysis of knees was performed on joints following EV administration, naive and arthritic mice (untreated; n = 4/group) and EV-treated diseased mice (intra-articular administration) with contralateral (vehicle-treated; n = 8/group). Comparison of healthy donor and patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) neutrophil EVs was performed. EVs afforded cartilage protection with an increase in collagen-II and reduced collagen-X expression within the joint. To gain mechanistic insights, RNA sequencing of the arthritic joints was conducted. A total of 5,231 genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.05), with 257 unique to EV treatment. EVs affected key regenerative pathways involved in joint development, including Wnt and Notch signaling. This wealth of genomic alteration prompted to identify microRNAs in EVs, 10 of which are associated with RA. As a proof of concept, we focused on miR-455-3p, which was detected in both healthy donor and RA EVs. EV addition to chondrocyte cultures elevated miR-455-3p and exerted anticatabolic effects upon interleukin-1β stimulation; these effects were blocked by actinomycin or miR-455-3p antagomir. Neutrophils from patients with RA yielded EVs with composition, efficacy, and miR-455-3p content similar to those of healthy volunteers, suggesting that neutrophil EVs could be developed as an autologous treatment to protect and repair joint tissue of patients affected by inflammatory arthritides.

Development characteristics of joints in the Chang 6-Chang 9 reservoirs of the Yanchang Formation in southern Ordos Basin, China

As the most important source rock of the Ordos Basin, China, the Chang 6-Chang 9 reservoirs of the Yanchang Formation have developed abundant of joints. Understanding the formation, geometry and distribution is very important for flow modelling and shale gas exploration in the reservoir. To this end, we investigate the development characteristics of joints in the Chang 6-Chang 9 reservoirs based on field joint mapping and statistical analysis. A total of 1574 joints were mapped across 43 outcrops, which can be divided into three groups: NW-SE, N-S, and NEE-SWW. The distributions of joint spacing ( s ) and trace lengths ( l ) and their dependence on bed thickness ( t ) are statistically analyzed. We find that the distributions of joint trace lengths follow exponential distributions, while joint spacing distributions are well expressed by lognormal distributions. Besides, both the s - t and l - t relationships fit linear distributions. Here, a total of 12 sandstone layers are selected as representative layers to study the condition of joint saturation. Statistical analysis shows that the joint spacing distribution of the sandstone gradually transforms from a skewed lognormal distribution to a normal distribution as s/t decreases from 1.51 to 0.54, indicating that the development of joints is gradually approaching saturation.

A multi-omic atlas of human embryonic skeletal development

Human embryonic bone and joint formation is determined by coordinated differentiation of progenitors in the nascent skeleton. The cell states, epigenetic processes and key regulatory factors that underlie lineage commitment of these cells remain elusive. Here we applied paired transcriptional and epigenetic profiling of approximately 336,000 nucleus droplets and spatial transcriptomics to establish a multi-omic atlas of human embryonic joint and cranium development between 5 and 11 weeks after conception. Using combined modelling of transcriptional and epigenetic data, we characterized regionally distinct limb and cranial osteoprogenitor trajectories across the embryonic skeleton and further described regulatory networks that govern intramembranous and endochondral ossification. Spatial localization of cell clusters in our in situ sequencing data using a new tool, ISS-Patcher, revealed mechanisms of progenitor zonation during bone and joint formation. Through trajectory analysis, we predicted potential non-canonical cellular origins for human chondrocytes from Schwann cells. We also introduce SNP2Cell, a tool to link cell-type-specific regulatory networks to polygenic traits such as osteoarthritis. Using osteolineage trajectories characterized here, we simulated in silico perturbations of genes that cause monogenic craniosynostosis and implicate potential cell states and disease mechanisms. This work forms a detailed and dynamic regulatory atlas of bone and cartilage maturation and advances our fundamental understanding of cell-fate determination in human skeletal development.

Legal Regulation of Employment Relations of the Disabled Workers in the BRICS Countries

According to the UN, more than one billion people in the world are people with disabilities, which is approximately 15 per cent of the total population. The number of the population with disabilities is also high in the BRICS countries. People with disabilities in the BRICS countries belong to the group of those who need special state care and the provision of additional guarantees and benefits, including labor relations. The concept of a person with a disability in the legislation of the BRICS countries has changed over time. As the practice of recent years shows, in our countries today one can observe uniformity on some issues of legal regulation of the work of disabled people. All countries in question have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and implemented it into national law. However, the problems of implementing the norms on the legal regulation of the labor of disabled people remain, and they require further solutions. Obviously, further integration and joint development of the BRICS countries will help in overcoming them.