Joint Venture Research Articles

GlobalGAP compliance costs in Ghana’s small-scale pineapple farming sector

ABSTRACT When farmers implement GlobalGAP they incur specific input costs that arise from quality requirements of the technology. However, due to the difficultly in observing and measuring food quality, previous empirical studies seldom analysed the relationship between quality improvements in food production and total costs of production. They assumed that product quality itself was exogenous and hence had no effect on productive efficiency or cost of production. This study estimates the impact of GlobalGAP on costs of production while accounting for fixed cost improvements and quality endogeneity. Data were obtained from GlobalGAP-certified small-scale pineapple farmers in Ghana. The hypothesis that product quality was exogenous was tested and rejected. Consequently, a quality-adjusted translog cost function was used to identify the main contributors to cost increases on small-scale GlobalGAP-certified pineapple farms. The estimated function exhibited economies of size, implying that most small-scale adopters are unable to increase output and benefit from lower average costs. Production costs arising from improvements in quality imposed by GlobalGAP are most sensitive to changes in plantlet price, followed by wages, agrochemical price and expenditure on capital items. Smaller small-scale farmers are much more sensitive to increases in capital expenditure than are larger small-scale farmers. Key policy recommendations include joint ventures to increase nursery capacity and competition in the market for plantlets, scrutiny of mandatory fees impacting the cost of imported labour-saving inputs, facilitating sharing arrangements between smallholders to lower the cost of on-farm infrastructure, and research to identify constraints preventing certified farmers from exploiting size economies.

ACOMPANYA’M a novel multimodal intervention plan

IntroductionThe Residential Educational Therapeutic Unit Accompany from Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, is a device integrated into the public health network, intended for the comprehensive care of children and adolescents under 18 years of age who suffer from an illness complex mental disorder, at serious risk of becoming chronic and generating significant disabilities at a functional, cognitive and emotional level. It was a result from a joint venture between the Department of Social Rights and the Department of Health. The device was created to respond to the increase in behavioral problems and mental health disorders of children underguardianship.ObjectivesGeneral ObjectiveTo improve the quality of life in the physical, mental and social spheres of vulnerable children and adolescents with serious complex mental pathology through a biopsychosocial and community care model that integrates health, social, family and educational care and which is aimed at the recovery of the person’s life project.Specific ObjectivesTo offer intensive intervention, personalized and in a co-responsible manner, that is to say, that integrates the therapeutic, education, social services and child protection teams.Promote the community and social reintegration avoiding stigmatization and social exclusion.Improve the intra-family relationship and the burden perceived by caregivers.Decrease the number of renunciations of parental authority of a minor.MethodsThe unit has a capacity for 28 beds: 23 places for children/adolescents underguardianship of the administration and 5 places for cases that are at risk of family claudication due to their therapeutic and educational needs. There are 5 coexisting therapeutic units. The apartments are referred as ‘homes’ and their organization is designed to encourage the active participation of residents with the professionals who attend them.The Unit has a multidisciplinary team made up of the following professionals: Psychyatrists, Nurses, clinical psychologists, Social Workers, Educational worker, nursing assistants, administrative.Results- 110 children and adolescents have been taken care, with an average cumulative stay of 13 months. In all cases in which the family had the guardianship of the patient, family claudication has been avoided There is a 36% discharge of those patients under guardian that have returned to their original family home 100% of the cases have been linked to an educational center adapted to their needs or to a training projectImage:Image 2:ConclusionsOverall, the care model implemented by the population served in the Acompanya’m unit is positively evaluated. Since it provides an intensive and personalized care, treatment and intervention for children suffering from a serious mental disorder of high complexity. A comprehensive, personalized, interdisciplinary approach is offered, coordinated and co-responsible with educational, protection and social services.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Exploring the Keys to Successful Cross-cultural Partnerships: Uncovering the Essential Components that Enhance or Hinder Fruitful Joint Ventures and Collaborations Between Entrepreneurs from the Uk and India

In the past few years, there has been a big rise in the number of relationships and agreements between businesses in India and the UK. But the results of these cross-cultural projects are very different. Some are huge successes, while others have a hard time. The purpose of this study paper is to find the cultural factors that affect the behaviour and productivity of business ties between the UK and India in a good or bad way. The first part of the paper sheds light on well-known cultural aspects theories, like Hofstede's model, to look at and compare the core values of Indian and UK cultures. It is made clear how the two countries' cultural values are very different. A qualitative exploratory research methodology was employed. Secondary research was conducted analysing scholarly literature on cross-cultural management, cultural dimensions theories, and case studies of real-life UK-India partnerships. What should be done is suggested based on the results. To have long-lasting partnerships with people from other countries, they need to learn about each other's cultures by getting to know each other, being open and flexible, and always learning. The study's result is that companies can do well in different countries by overcoming the challenges that come with their differences and working to be culturally competent.

A Study on Factors Affecting Rig Entrepreneurs with Particular Reference to the Namakkal District of Tamilnadu

Purpose: To analyze the factors influencing Rig Entrepreneurs with high capacity Borewells, Medium capacity Borewells, Medium capacity Borewells & Low Capacity Borewells. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study's main aim is to explore rig entrepreneurs' problems and prospects with particular reference to Namakkal District So; the study is primarily descriptive. Both primary and secondary data are used for the study. Findings/Results: The study concluded that inadequate working capital was the critical constraint for them to initiate the rig business, followed by the high interest rate and requirements of too many documents and certificates. The lack of managerial skills, lengthy procedures and formalities, commission to a middle man, collateral security, difficulty in getting re-finance, and no proper assistance from any source were the rig entrepreneurs' other constraints. Outcome: Rig entrepreneurs' constraints show that they face stiff competition from wealthy people. Since the investment is high and the return is also high, it makes more wealthy people eager to enter this rig business. Therefore, the wealth prospects should involve themselves in collaborative work with the social entrepreneurs in the joint venture and financial support through CSR instead of competing with social entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurial education for rig owners and development programmes like EDP and WEDP should be formed and executed to omit the rig business's lack of technical know-how. The educational institutions should be directed to have a course in their Entrepreneurship cell, with the District Industrial Center’s help to promote more entrepreneurs for the borewell enterprises. Originality/Values: The research work envisages the factors affecting Rig Entrepreneurs in the Namakkal district specifying that the work was carried out to outcome the problems of the rig entrepreneurs in the future. The technology has been improved in all the fields relevant to mines, and drought areas where the rig unit makes it difficult to enter the borewell point. Type of the paper: Primary data using questionnaires were used from various sources like case study analysis, and journals were used for the research work.

Analysis of Determinants That Influence the Profitability of Conventional Banks in Indonesia

This research aims to examine the factors that influence the level of profitability in conventional banking in Indonesia in 2010-2019. This research uses Return on Assets (ROA) as a ratio to describe the level of profitability of commercial banks in Indonesia. The object of this research is conventional banking in Indonesia, with a research sample of 6 groups of conventional banks, namely Persero Banks, Foreign Exchange Private Banks, Non-Foreign Exchange Private Banks, Regional Development Banks (BPD), Joint Venture, and Foreign Banks. The analytical method used in this research is panel data regression analysis with Random Effect Model (REM). The research shows that the spread interest rate, Bank Indonesia Certificate (SBI), and third party funds (DPK) have a positive and significant effect on Return on Assets (ROA). Meanwhile, the interbank liability variable has a negative and significant effect on Return on Assets (ROA). Simultaneously, spread interest rate, SBI, third party funds, and interbank liabilities influence ROA.

Optimizing manufacturing firm performance in Indonesia through strategic orientation and servitization

This study aims to investigate factors influencing servitization and firm performance within Indonesian national manufacturing companies, focusing on export-oriented entities such as automotive, electronics, textile, and food processing industries. Strategic orientations – market, technology, service, and learning – are investigated as key dimensions guiding firms’ strategic decisions amidst dynamic business environments. A comprehensive survey involving 100 companies representing a diverse spectrum of the Indonesian manufacturing sector is conducted. These companies encompass a range of statuses, including joint ventures (12%), multinational companies (2%), and national companies (86%). Through a purposive sampling strategy, representation across different company types is ensured to capture the breadth of perspectives within the industry. The quantitative approach involves surveying managers across various organizational levels, including top-level executives, middle managers, and front-line supervisors. Input from different managerial tiers is solicited to understand strategic orientations and their impact on firm performance. Data analysis, employing validation, descriptive statistics in MS Excel, and inferential statistics using Smart PLS yields significant insights. Market, service, and learning orientations emerge as influential factors in both basic and advanced services (p < 0.05), while technology orientation lacks statistical significance. Notably, market orientation significantly impacts advanced services (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the findings underscore the significant influence of service provision on firm performance across both basic and advanced services (p < 0.05). The critical role of strategic orientations, encompassing technology adoption, market positioning, service delivery, and organizational learning, in driving servitization and enhancing firm performance in Indonesian manufacturing is emphasized.

International business entry modes and consumer ethnocentrism: A multi country perspective

AbstractThis study aims to assess the impact of changes in international business modes on consumer ethnocentrism. The study utilizes a quantitative research approach and is theoretically grounded in the resource‐based view. Data was collected from Bangladesh, China, India, and Malaysia using the consumer ethnocentrism tendencies scale (CETSCALE), and analyzed using quantitative methods. The results indicate that changes in international entry modes have an impact on the degree of consumer ethnocentrism. Across all countries studied, the highest level of consumer ethnocentrism was found for imported products, and this degree and intensity decreased when the entry modes changed from importing to joint venturing and FDI. This study contributes to the literature on both international business and consumer behavior by integrating the two fields, resulting in a robust theoretical contribution. The findings also suggest that the appropriate IB mode can act as a resource.

Trinseo to exit polystyrene joint venture, polycarbonate

Trinseo to exit polystyrene joint venture, polycarbonate

Abstract 2945: Using pooled minimal genome-wide sgRNA libraries to drive oncology drug discovery

Abstract The emergence of CRISPR technologies has enabled rapid and precise gene editing opportunities. The Functional Genomics Centre (FGC) - a joint venture between Cancer Research UK’s (CRUK) drug discovery engine, Cancer Research Horizons, and AstraZeneca has been launched to better utilize and improve the CRISPR technology within cancer research. The FGC leverages the strengths of both CRUK’s and AstraZeneca’s world-class oncology research and drug discovery experience, with the potential to drive scientific innovation in how new drug targets are identified and validated, and uniquely democratize access to the latest cutting-edge research tools and expertise for many thousands of scientists and clinicians funded by CRUK. Here, we will showcase how the FGC is leading the development and refinement of functional genomics technologies. Through independent evaluation of publicly available CRISPR tools and leveraging this data we have designed optimized, minimal genome-wide CRISPR libraries. These libraries permit a reduction of the experimental scale of CRISPR screens by 50% and enable our Target Discovery platform to impact more projects, faster, at a lower cost and importantly - more sustainably. Citation Format: Sebastian Lukasiak, Alex Kalinka, Nikhil Gupta, Khalid Saeed, Angelos Papadopoulos, Ultan McDermott, Gregory J. Hannon, Douglas Ross-Thriepland, David Walter. Using pooled minimal genome-wide sgRNA libraries to drive oncology drug discovery [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 2945.

Regulation of Privatized Public Service Systems

To alleviate the financial shortage for public service provision, a government agency may jointly finance, own, and run a service system with a private firm (in the manner of a joint venture) or delegate service provision to the firm subject to regulation in service price or wait time. We model the service system as a queueing system in which customers are heterogeneous in service valuation and sensitive to price and delay. While the government aims to maximize social welfare, the firm’s goal is to maximize profit. Hence, the joint venture has the objective of a mix of profit maximization and social welfare creation. Under the regulation, two types of interaction between the government and the firm, that is, sequential move (in the absence of the government’s myopic adjustment) and simultaneous move (in the presence of myopic adjustment), are considered. We find that while wait time regulation is more efficient than price regulation in the presence of myopic adjustment, the relationship is reversed in the absence of myopic adjustment. Somewhat surprisingly, price regulation with myopic adjustment may backfire. However, in some instances, the government must take a large share in a joint venture to achieve the same performance under price regulation without myopic adjustment. Our work uncovers whether the government adopts myopic adjustment plays a critical role in choosing the regulation instrument.

Elasticity of Investment Financing Policy towards the Growth of Film Distribution Networks as an Effort to Redesign the Film Industry

This research aims to analyze the influence of investment financing policies on the growth of film distribution networks. Investment financing policy is seen from the aspect of setting investment credit interest rates in banking. Meanwhile, the growth of the film distribution network can be seen from the aspect of the number of cinema screens in Indonesia. This research uses several variables, such as: Investment Credit Interest Rates at Bank Persero, Regional Development Banks, National Private Banks and Foreign and Joint Venture Banks. The time range used in this research is from 2014 – 2022. This research uses quantitative methods using multiple linear regression. The explanation of the analysis results uses Keynes and Schumpeter’s theoretical approach. Based on the results of data analysis, it was concluded that the investment credit interest rate variable had a significant negative effect on the variable number of cinema screens, especially on the National Private Bank Investment Credit Interest Rate. The results of the coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) show that the influence of the number of cinema screens is 0.9492175. The higher the interest rate on investment credit, the lower the number of cinema screens.

Unveiling the impact of foreign investment entry in industrial clusters: the case of Castelló and Sassuolo

ABSTRACT This paper explores the impact of foreign investment, through acquisitions and mergers of local firms, on leading industrial clusters. While previous research has highlighted the increasing involvement of cluster firms in internationalization and knowledge globalization, the role of foreign investment requires further investigation. Power asymmetries between MNEs and partner firms are prevalent in global value chains, joint ventures, and strategic alliances, shaping the contemporary global economy. By analysing two clusters specialized in ceramic tile production (Castelló, Spain, and Sassuolo, Italy), this study aims to evaluate the impact of foreign investment on leading clusters, specifically distinguishing between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and investment funds. The research examines the perceived effects through a qualitative analysis, capturing the subjective impressions of local actors involved in acquired firms, independent local firms, technological suppliers, and supporting institutions. This paper contributes to the literature by addressing contradictory findings and providing insights into the balance between knowledge absorption and spillovers from MNEs or investment funds to local firms.

Walmart in India: Crafting competitive advantage using joint venture and acquisition

Walmart has a global reputation for building robust Information Technology driven infrastructure for modern retail. However, its Indian operations were constrained by the government’s Foreign Direct Investment policy in multi-brand retail that allowed entry only through the Business2Business route for protecting small retailers. The policy restriction limited the scope of value capture for Walmart in the growing Indian retail market. Walmart used partnerships and creative tweaking of its business model to adapt to the business environment in India. It used a joint venture with Bharti Retail, a local partner, to enter the Indian market. Walmart acted as suppliers to small retailers and also invested in a focused program to improve their efficiency. Further, the joint venture allowed Walmart to generate additional revenue sources (royalty and other fee incomes) to recover its investments in supply chain development. The tweaks in the business model to improve value appropriation were however evaluated unfavorably by the stakeholders in India prompting dissolution of the joint venture. Later, with online retail becoming prominent, Walmart acquired majority stake in Flipkart, a leading e-commerce player in India, to renew its capabilities and evolve a business model for the new era of omni-channel retail.

Сотрудничество России и Китая в Арктике в энергетической сфере: стратегический взгляд

The imposed sectoral restrictions on the Russian Federation and the current macroeconomic situation create prerequisites for building a new model of cooperation with Asian countries, primarily with the People’s Republic of China. The People’s Republic of China demonstrates a strategic approach to joint implementation of energy projects in the Arctic, having shares in joint ventures with Russian energy com-panies (Yamal LNG, Arctic LNG-2). Yamal LNG, the most complex technological project in the Arctic for the production of liquefied natural gas (LNG), located on the Yamal Peninsula above the Arctic Circle on the basis of the South Tambeyskoe field, has become the flagship of Russian-Chinese cooperation in the Arctic. The joint implementation of this project has the most important geostrategic and industrial significance in the global energy industry, clearly demonstrating the capabilities of the two countries in creating high-tech solutions for gas liquefaction in difficult climatic conditions. It is important that such projects have powerful complex-forming and multiplicative effects, creating conditions for the maximum utilisation of the industries of both countries, as well as for the construction of infrastructure along the Northern Sea Route and the creation of a high-tech fleet for the transportation of liquefied natural gas. Despite the existing legal disagreements between Russia and China regarding economic activities in the Arctic, in light of the current macroeconomic situation, interaction with Asian partners is a promising area of cooperation in the implementation of joint technological projects. With significant financial resources and accumulated engineering and technical competences, the People’s Republic of China is one of Russia's most reliable partners in the context of implementing energy projects. It is important that China is also a buyer of Russian energy resources, which ensures a stable market for hydrocarbons. The publication analyses the development of Russian-Chinese relations and considers the prospects for joint economic cooperation in the Arctic in the energy sector

Design and governance of international joint venture innovation strategy: Evidence from China

Using the exploitation-exploration framework to conceptualize international joint ventures (IJVs)’ innovation strategy, this study develops a contingent governance view to posit that the effectiveness of exploitative and explorative innovation strategies depends critically on the governance mechanisms between IJV partners. Based on empirical analyses of 187 IJVs in China, our results reveal that explorative innovation strategy generates a greater positive effect on IJV new product performance than exploitative innovation strategy. Furthermore, exploitative innovation strategy has a positive impact on IJV new product performance at high levels of contractual governance but has a negative effect at high levels of relational governance. In contrast, explorative innovation strategy contributes more to IJV new product performance at high levels of relational governance but shows a negative effect at high levels of contractual governance. This study offers important implications for IJVs to better design and manage their innovation strategies.

JOINT VENTURE, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER AND THE PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIAN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY

Purpose: The objective of this study is to examine joint venture, technology transfer on the performance of Nigeria's oil and gas sector between 1981-2021. Theoretical Framework: It is indisputable that the Nigerian oil and gas sector is not at peak performance when compared to what is obtainable from its peers in the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (Iheukwumere, 2021; OPEC, ASB 2020). One of the factors responsible for the abysmal performance is ineffective and incoherent technology transfer management through joint venture arrangements (Odusina, 2022). Therefore, there is a need to empirically investigate the impact of joint venture arrangements on Nigeria's oil and gas sector production which lacks sufficient research. Methodology: The ex-post facto design was used where data were collected through secondary sources on the aggregate output of the joint venture companies and the total yearly output of the upstream sector of Nigeria’s oil and gas industry represented the performance of the Nigerian oil and gas sector in the period 1980 to 2021. The collected data were analyzed using the Quantile Autoregressive Distributed Lag (QARDL) approach to test for short and long-run impacts. Findings: The study revealed that there is a significant impact of joint venture arrangements on oil and gas production in both the short run and long run. Research, Practical & Social Implication: The study therefore recommends that policymakers and industry stakeholders should carefully evaluate the terms and conditions of joint ventures to ensure their alignment with the goals of maximizing oil and gas production. Originality/Value: The use of joint venture as a proxy for technology transfer in the production of oil and gas in Nigeria and use of secondary data between 1980-2021 for joint ventures is an eye-opener for further exploration of the study areas in oil and gas production management, particularly in the area of technology transfer, which lacks sufficient research.

Commentary: Community Health Workers and Peace Building Through Health in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict After October 7th.

Health professionals, despite increasing challenges, with notable exceptions, always pursue peace through health because it is who we are-we are here to heal both at the individual and the community level. This applies to the long-standing Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Unfortunately, till now, nongovernmental organizations have had minimal impact on the conflict. This commentary makes 2 recommendations for donor countries after the fighting subsides: Do not insist on Israeli-Palestinian joint ventures at least for the short term and focus as much as possible your funding on interventions that improve community health.

Effects of Cross-Cultural Negotiation Strategies on International Joint Venture Success

Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess the effects of cross-cultural negotiation strategies on international joint venture success. Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries. Findings: Cross-cultural negotiation strategies play a pivotal role in the success of international joint ventures (IJVs). Research suggests that effective negotiation tactics tailored to the cultural context of the parties involved significantly enhance the likelihood of achieving mutually beneficial outcomes and sustaining long-term partnerships. Studies have shown that cultural differences in communication styles, decision-making processes, and conflict resolution approaches can either facilitate or hinder negotiation effectiveness. Utilizing strategies such as cultural adaptation, empathy, active listening, and flexibility can bridge cultural gaps, foster trust, and facilitate collaboration among partners from diverse cultural backgrounds. Conversely, neglecting cultural nuances or employing ethnocentric negotiation tactics may lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and ultimately, the failure of the joint venture. Therefore, understanding and integrating cross-cultural negotiation strategies are imperative for maximizing the success of international joint ventures in today's globalized business environment. Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Hofstede's cultural dimensions' theory, intercultural communication theory and cognitive adaptation theory may be use to anchor future studies on assessing the effects of cross-cultural negotiation strategies on international joint venture success. Develop tailored training programs and resources to enhance negotiators' cultural intelligence and competency in cross-cultural negotiation strategies. Advocate for the integration of cross-cultural negotiation competency standards into international business education curricula at academic institutions.

Grappling with growth: A partnership journey

While growth means different things to different organisations, the accelerating scale of consolidation within the healthcare industry indicates that innovation and flexibility will be paramount when developing future strategies. Driving long-term organisational performance requires dedication to mission-aligned, profitable growth. Today’s leaders are positioning their organisations to capitalise on present and future opportunities to drive improved systems of care and long-term financial success. But those opportunities may come in non-traditional forms with unexpected partners at times. When approaching growth opportunities, the best practice strategy for a growth-forward organisation relies on the results of five important steps: align, design, navigate, integrate and optimise. Once completed and the growth opportunity is clearly defined, deploying an effective governance structure and engagement strategy are critical next steps. With these steps completed, opportunity defined and the right team in place, execution and optimisation can begin. This case study addresses the importance of establishing guiding principles and define six to live by: trust and transparency, exceptional quality, innovative transformation, community focus, value creation and disciplined execution. With these principles to guide the way, the group envisioned the various partnership opportunities across the two organisations and prioritised a successful quaternary partnership and joint venture. The successful partnership continues to pursue benefits for partners and patients with improved access across the continuum of care and enhanced outcomes through better continuity and integration. Through openness to unexpected opportunities and the agility to pivot to those opportunities, healthcare leaders are enabling themselves to capitalise on present and future opportunities to drive improved systems of care as well as long-term financial success, as exemplified in this case study.

MATERIALS FOR OPTICAL SYSTEMS LIGHTING DEVICES

The design of lighting devices, the properties of the materials and components used in them, as well as light sources determine the possibility of operating the lamps when exposed to certain environmental factors. All materials have different physical and chemical properties, knowing which, you can correctly determine under what operating conditions the device will function reliably. The choice of the optical system of a lighting device is the most important and one of the first stages of design, which largely determines the overall layout of the light fixture, its dimensions, weight and all the main characteristics. The basis for choosing an optical system of a joint venture is a set of requirements for quality indicators and parameters of the joint venture, primarily lighting, presented in the technical specifications for the design of the joint venture. In this case, external factors and their influence on the parameters of the lighting device must be taken into account, as well as the properties of materials, the specifics of the production technology and the features of using the lighting device in a lighting installation.