Joint Venture Arrangements Research Articles

Joint Venture of Wholly-Own:

American advertising agencies have been rapidly expanding their operations abroad in recent decades. During this time, they have taken adtvantage of foreign experitise by acquiring local agencies or establishing joint venture arrangements. In other cases they have gone abraod by boldly setting up their own operations. This 15 agency - 344 subsidiary survey of agencies' abilities and performances shows that in general, wholly-owned subsidiaries have outperformed joint venture arrangements in terms of market rankings and total billings. While wholly-owned subsidiaries performed more multicountry campaigns, in terms of their operations, no differences were found concerning their service offerings of number of global campaigns performed.

Two Approaches to Cancer Center Joint Venture Arrangements

"Two Approaches to Cancer Center Joint Venture Arrangements." The Journal of Cancer Program Management, 3(3), pp. 27–28

U.S. Contractual Arrangements in Some ASEAN Countries: Selected case studies in Thailand

During the 1970s the economic performance of the ASEAN countries was relatively impres sive. Despite the prolonged global recession, the annual GNP growth of the ASEAN mem bers ranged between 6.2 per cent (for the Philippines) and 8.4 per cent (for Singapore). In addition, their industrial growth was high, ranging between 8.4 and 11.3 per cent. The relatively rapid growth of these economies which implied an expanding market naturally attracted transnational corporations (TNCs) to the region. The OECD statistics indicate that foreign direct investments increased from US$3.4 million in 1971 to US$12.6 billion in 1978.1 The ASEAN members' share of the stock of foreign direct investment in develop ing countries rose from 7.5 per cent in 1971 to 14.3 per cent and in 1978 accounted for 5.1 per cent of the global stock of foreign investments. Looking at the stock of foreign investment is, however, to underestimate the extent of U.S. TNC involvement in these economies. TNCs have been increasingly involved in numerous forms of non-equity contractual arrangements, for example, production sharing agreements, compensatory trade agreements, and various modes of contractual lrrange ments for technology transfer. In the area of technology transfer trans national enterprises from the United States have emerged as world leaders in technology sales. In 1981, the United States received US$7.1 billion from technology exports.2 Japan, the major industrial country of the East, only exported US$537 million in that year. This paper aims at exploring U.S. involve ment in the ASEAN region with special em phasis on U.S. contractual arrangements for technology transfer and a U.S. joint-venture arrangement in Thailand. The following sec tion briefly reviews U.S. contractual arrange ments in the ASEAN region. Employing a case study approach, this paper then probes into some of the firms' non-equity and equity arrangements in certain manufacturing activi ties in Thailand.

Controversial issues in home health care: a roundtable discussion

Controversial issues in home health care (HHC) were discussed by a panel of four individuals involved in or knowledgeable about HHC. The panel addressed the following issues: reluctance of health professionals to participate in home care, challenges in providing HHC services, assigning responsibility for HHC services, reimbursement considerations in joint-venture arrangements, assuming fiscal responsibility for unreimbursed care, selecting HHC providers, defining patient rights, selecting drug products for home-care patients, competing with community pharmacists, circumvention of pharmacist input in preparation of solutions for home infusion, and the future of HHC. Hospital pharmacists who plan to become involved or are already involved in providing HHC services should become familiar with these controversial issues.

Joint Venture Firms and Labour Training in Iran

This article provides further evidence that in the case of foreign investment, subsidiaries of multinational corporations spend more in labour training than similar domestic firms. Multinationals would maintain this advantage even in the form of the joint venture arrangement implying that lesser‐developed countries could still benefit from advantages of muitinationals without yielding to total foreign ownership and control.

Gränges and the undermining of Liberia: a critique of a joint venture arrangement

This is a case study of one ‘joint venture’ between a transnational corporation, in this case the Swedish mining giant. Gränges, and an African government. It offers a thorough explanation and demystification of the intricate corporate structures set up with the Liberian Government to run and control iron ore mining, and of the balance sheets of these corporations. Careful analysis documents the facts that despite the legal fiction of 50–50 partnership, the government gets only 25 per cent of the proceeds and yields up 100 per cent of the control of the operation to its multinational partner.

Developments in the UN conference on the law of the sea: A third world review

Summary Introduction The Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) since 1973 The Interests of Developing Countries (LDCs) The International Seabed Area System of exploitation Position of the Enterprise Prospected site, priority and nickel allocation Transfer of technology Training Joint venture arrangements with Enterprise Anti-density and anti-monopoly provisions Production limitation The Review Conference Financial arrangements Financial terms of the contract The Enterprise Financing of the first reserved mine site The Assembly and the Council Settlement of disputes The 1981 Session Preparatory Commission Preparatory Investment Protection (PIP) Will the compromise work?

Day-to-Day Management of Large Engineering Projects

Large projects requiring the pooling of engineering resources are becoming more common and give rise to various consortium and joint-venture arrangements. Such multi-firm ventures are undertaken to share liabilities and a number of potential benefits which can be destroyed if the special “people” and organization problems that can arise under such arrangements aren’t recognized and dealt with quickly. Experiences to date in organization and people management problems on the twelve year, –1.5 billion Milwaukee Water Pollution Abatement Program and the solutions found to be beneficial in overcoming the potential problems encountered are discussed. Topics covered include staff orientation, training, organization, management audits and personnel policies.

Market Structure and Interfirm Integration in the Petroleum Industry

The history and market structure of the petroleum industry are studied. It is pointed out that without a competitive infrastructure, market forces can not be counted on to curb inflation and unemployment or to allocate resources efficiently and equitably. Comparing concentration ratios and econometric models of the petroleum industry with those of other industries will probably not result in the best public policy decisions. Rhetoric and scholarly announcements have sometimes been substituted for professionally competent opinion. In the petroleum industry a non-competitive market does not produce the best results because of the inelasticity of short-run supply and demand. Current pressures on Congress to set market value rather than cost as a basis for natural gas pricing, for example, should be balanced with an awareness that market value is derived from the market structure. With the petroleum industry tied together in inter-corporate and joint venture arrangements, the separate corporations cannot be viewed as parallel market rivals. (DCK)

Comments on “Market Structure and Interfirm Integration”

John W. Wilson's article is the comprehensive effort to empirically delineate market structure characteristics in the petroleum industry since the earlier work of Melvin de Chazeau and Alfred Kahn. Prior to the evaluation of market structure in the petroleum industry, Wilson indicates the interdependence of market structure and the macro problems associated with inflation and recession. In Wilson's assessment of inadequate seller competition in the petroleum industry, there is a stress on both the political and economic power of the oil interests. Wilson maintains that the recent exposure of the OPEC cartel, petroleum product shortages, and environmental concerns have resulted in a new public awareness which provides the opportunity for remedial public policy initiatives. The massive evidence of joint venture arrangements, interlocks, and interties and the partnership arrangements points to the unique institutional characteristics of the petroleum industry. It undermines the reliance by various academics on concentration ratios as a gauge of control over supply.