Joint Production Research Articles

Selection of Joint Preparation Procedure based on Cost-effectiveness and Defects analysis of Double-V SMAW Joint

Double sided shielded metal arc welded joint has wide applications in fabrication sector for production of critical joints but the root pass in those joint leads to many defects, mainly due to the sudden cooling because the adjacent base material is at room temperature in the start of welding and compromises the quality of the weldments. In the fabrication industry, root pass removal is a routine practice for producing quality joints using grinding and air carbon arc gouging. In this research, comparative study of cost-effectiveness and defects analysis of the above root pass removal procedures have applied to the double-v mild steel shielded metal arc welded joint for the selection of better procedure. For cost calculation of joints, labor cost (LC), energy cost (EC), material cost (MC) and overhead cost taken into account and defects examined by the visual inspection, liquid penetrant test, radiographic test and optical microscope. The results showed overall 4.7% lower cost and enhanced quality in terms of macro/micro-defects for ground joint. The major contribution to the lower cost of ground joint has given by the consumables and energy but in defects analysis, only width difference in both sides’ reinforcement i.e., front and back have observed for gouged joint and relatively more numbers of micro-defects.

Scrutiny of a More Flexible Counterpart of Huang–Kotz FGM’s Distributions in the Perspective of Some Information Measures

In this work, we reveal some distributional traits of concomitants of order statistics (COSs) arising from the extended Farlie–Gumbel–Morgenstern (FGM) bivariate distribution, which was developed and studied in recent work. The joint distribution and product moments of COSs for this family are discussed. Moreover, some useful recurrence relations between single and product moments of concomitants are obtained. In addition, the asymptotic behavior of the concomitant’s rank for order statistics (OSs) is studied. The information measures, differential entropy, Kullback–Leibler (KL) distance, Fisher information number (FIN), and cumulative past inaccuracy (CPI) are theoretically and numerically studied.

A Sustainable Closed-Loop Supply Chains Inventory Model Considering Optimal Number of Remanufacturing Times

The mathematical modeling of reverse logistics inventory systems ignores the fact that returned items may arrive out of sequence, i.e., with different number of remanufacturing times. Moreover, such modeling assumes that the retuned items may retain the same quality upon recovery regardless of how many times they have been previously remanufactured. This paper develops a new mathematical expression of the percentage of retuned items that can be remanufactured a finite number of times. The proposed expression is modeled as a function of the expected number of times an item can be remanufactured in its lifecycle and the number of times an item can be technologically (or optimally) remanufactured based on its quality upon recovery. The model developed in this paper considers joint production and remanufacturing options. The return rate is a varying demand-dependent rate, which is a decision variable with demand, product deterioration, manufacturing, and remanufacturing rates being arbitrary functions of time. The model considers the initial inventory of returned items in the mathematical formulation, which enables decision-makers to adjust all functions and input parameters for subsequent cycles. Illustrative examples indicate that dependent purchasing price of recovery items and the incorporation of remanufacturing investment cost significantly impact the optimal remanufacturing policy.

Integration of operational lockout/tagout in a joint production and maintenance policy of a smart production system

Accidents during maintenance operations are frequently occurring and sometimes even fatal. The lack of energy locking is one of the main factors of accidents during maintenance. The Lockout/Tagout (LOTO) process aims to ensure the safety of workers by providing a control of equipment energies before and after preventive or corrective maintenance activities. However, LOTO is often seen as an unnecessary delay that increases production costs. The objective of this work is to minimize production and inventory costs of finished products, while guaranteeing the safety of workers during maintenance activities by the implementation of operational LOTO actions, which allows for production continuity during the securing of energy sources. This work studies the problem of production and maintenance planning of a smart production system that deteriorates according to its age affecting its reliability and availability. The system under study consists of a production unit processing a single type of parts and exposed to random failures and repairs. The decision variables for this control problem are the machine age dependent production and preventive maintenance rates of the machine. The proposed model is based on the stochastic optimal control theory and the optimality conditions are obtained by the dynamic programming approach. Such conditions are of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) type and have been solved by numerical methods for concrete industrial case applications. The developed model is validated using a numerical example and a sensitivity analysis is conducted to study the behavior of the system related to the variations of some parameters. A comparative study shows that the proposed operational LOTO strategy performs better than a traditional LOTO strategy in optimizing maintenance operations and reducing incurred costs. This study proposes new managerial policies in terms of joint management of production, maintenance and safety.

India-Russia Defense Partnership: New Challenges and Future Prospects

The India-Russia strategic partnership has been characterized by a longstanding and mutually beneficial defence relationship that has spanned over fifty years. This partnership has witnessed a notable shift from a buyer-seller dynamic to joint development and production of cutting-edge weaponry. Consequently, a significant portion of India's defence arsenal is comprised of Soviet/Russian weapons systems. However, as India aims to diversify its sources of arms imports and promote greater self-reliance in defence production, Russia's prominent position in India's defence considerations is diminishing. Moreover, recent challenges stemming primarily from the Ukraine conflict have cast a shadow over this defence relationship.The focus is increasingly shifting towards how both countries can navigate practical and perceptual issues in their partnership. Furthermore, the exclusivity that India once enjoyed as the sole recipient of state-of-the-art Russian defence technology in its region, giving it a qualitative advantage over its adversaries, has been diluted with Russia now supplying advanced weaponry to China. Consequently, the Indo-Russian defence partnership is currently facing a significant test.This article critically examines and analyzes the ongoing trends in the India-Russia defence relationship and explores the implications arising from these developments. It seeks to shed light on the evolving dynamics and challenges that both countries must address in order to sustain and strengthen their defence partnership.

On Rainbow Antimagic Coloring of Joint Product of Graphs

Let be a connected graph with vertex set and edge set . A bijection from to the set is a labeling of graph . The bijection is called rainbow antimagic vertex labeling if for any two edge and in path , where and . Rainbow antimagic coloring is a graph which has a rainbow antimagic labeling. Thus, every rainbow antimagic labeling induces a rainbow coloring G where the edge weight is the color of the edge . The rainbow antimagic connection number of graph is the smallest number of colors of all rainbow antimagic colorings of graph , denoted by . In this study, we studied rainbow antimagic coloring and have an exact value of rainbow antimagic connection number of joint product of graph where is graph , graph , graph , graph and graph .

Decision analysis and coordination in green supply chains with stochastic demand

Consumer goods supply chains are intensifying their efforts to develop and offer green products, in order to seize new business opportunities and improve profitability. A specific type of green products concerns marginal and development cost-intensive green products (MDIGPs), like electric vehicles. As greening these products affects both marginal and development costs, their design presents special challenges, especially within the context of uncertain demand. This paper formulates the joint product pricing-ordering-greening decision problem in the supply chains of MDIGPs and examines the impact of demand uncertainty. A sequential game-theoretic framework is developed, providing analytical expressions of the optimal solutions for the stochastic model. A bargaining game on the wholesale price between supply chain members is proposed to coordinate decisions. We compare the optimal decisions numerically in the stochastic and deterministic cases and find that, although demand uncertainty creates inefficiency in the green supply chain, it might positively impact product greenness and prices. Given the impact of the unit-variable greening costs of MDIGPs, we are able to identify cases where – contrary to common belief – demand uncertainty does not always lead firms to reduce greenness or increase prices.

Different outcomes of alternative approaches to forest carbon accounting at the local level

In forest carbon accounting and policy assessment at the micro level, inconsistencies, and even confusion, abound regarding how timber and carbon are treated as joint products, whether the Paris Agreement principles of additionality and permanence are followed, and if the differentiated composition and duration of harvested wood products (HWPs) are captured. Here, we tackle these issues with two widely used alternative analytic frameworks. The first features a Hartman modification of the Faustmann model for forest growth and harvest without incorporating accounting principles and HWPs, whereas the second builds from a profit function of forest production incorporating accounting principles and measures of HWPs. Using the intensively managed pine plantations of the U.S. South as an empirical case, we show that the carbon outcomes of the two approaches vary greatly. The Hartman-Faustmann approach exaggerates carbon credits for a landowner by a factor of at least 2.76. Furthermore, while adding carbon to the valuation has limited impact on the optimal harvest age, it increases net revenue under the profit function approach by 45% at a price of $20 per ton of CO2. These distinctions are of broad importance as policymakers and forest economists in all regions of the world look for appropriately integrated assessments of forest sector solutions to climate change.

The impact of Industry 4.0 on the digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises in Ukraine

Purpose. To study the impact of Industry 4.0 on the current state of the digital transformation of the state’s industry and to substantiate promising directions of development. Methodology. The study used a systematic and comparative analysis to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current state of digital transformation of industry in Ukraine. Research on the impact of Industry 4.0 on digital transformation was based on the results of a statistical analysis of the effect and the potential annual effect of the introduction of the Internet of Things on industrial and construction sites. Also, the method of deduction, logical research, and a graphical way of presenting information were used to demonstrate the significant results of the study. Findings. In the process of research, the digital transformation of industry under the influence of Industry 4.0, which is accelerating, was considered. It has been proven that the digital transformation of Ukrainian enterprises must be carried out at several levels: in terms of industrial equipment, IT systems and internal business processes. Originality. The influence of Industry 4.0 on the digital transformation of industry in Ukraine is substantiated. Eight main levers of value creation due to the implementation of “Industry 4.0” technologies in production are highlighted: optimization of equipment operation modes; optimization of equipment loading; increasing productivity and labor safety; logistic optimization; improvement of product quality; improvement in demand forecasting; shortening the terms of bringing products to the market; improvement of after sales service. Recommendations were given to enterprises regarding the formation of industry partnerships for joint financing of projects, risk reduction, interaction with state bodies, technological companies and research centers, within which expert consulting centers are to be created. Practical value. The results of the research can be used by economists, scientists and practitioners for the development of further perspectives. Establishing strong horizontal ties with educational and research organizations, high-tech companies, as well as with public administration bodies will allow effective exchange of experience, development of joint innovative digital solutions, products and standards for a particular industry, adaptation of educational programs and development of skills in the application of digital technologies.

What does corporate sustainability reporting imply to auditors? Evidence from going-concern opinions and discretionary accruals

PurposeThis study aims to address the unanswered question of whether corporate sustainability has an impact on auditors’ overall judgment and to provide incremental evidence that corporate sustainability reporting has significant effect on financial auditors’ judgment.Design/methodology/approachFollowing prior research, the authors, respectively, apply auditors’ decisions on going-concern opinions and three discretionary accrual measures as proxies for auditor conservatism over financial risk and financial reporting risk. The authors collect corporate sustainability reporting and sustainability assurance data of U.S. firms from the global reporting initiative (GRI) database to construct and measure firms’ sustainability reporting activities.FindingsThe authors find that nonreporting firms are more likely to receive going-concern opinions than the reporting firms. In addition, reporting firms have a larger scale of discretionary accruals than their nonreporting counterparts. The authors also obtain consistent findings that sustainability assurance or accounting assurance providers strengthen the effect of sustainability reporting on auditors’ judgment.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, using discretionary accruals as measures of auditor conservatism is controversial, as accruals are the joint product by auditors and clients. Second, binary variables as a measure of sustainability reporting activities limit the inference. Lastly, the findings based on limited samples may weaken the external validity.Practical implicationsThe findings imply that firms engaging in sustainability activities are lower in financial or financial reporting risk. Firms can influence audit practitioners’ overall judgment through sustainability reports. Sustainability commitments and reporting have become a part of firms’ risk management.Social implicationsThe findings imply that sustainability reporting could become an integrated part of regulated corporate disclosure. Sustainability assurance reduces social costs by lending credibility to sustainability reports.Originality/valueThis paper provides incremental evidence that sustainability reports provide useful information and signals that influence auditors’ professional judgment. The findings also suggest that sustainability assurance strengthens auditors’ confidence in using sustainability information, thus amplifying the effect of sustainability reporting on auditors’ judgment.

Cooperation of the Republic of Azerbaijan With the Republic of Belarus in the Field of Science, Education and Technology

The socio-economic essence of the state, the country's defense capability and national security, the cultural and educational progress of society and the welfare of the people are directly related to the level of scientific development. Cooperation between Azerbaijan and Belarus is developing in all areas of mutual interest, and ties in the fields of science, education and technology occupy a special place. Joint scientific research, the implementation of joint innovative projects in the interests of the economies of the two countries and the organization of joint production are carried out as priority areas of bilateral scientific and technical cooperation. Cooperation in the field of education is developing dynamically. The agreement between the Government of the Republic of Belarus and the Government of the Republic of Azerbaijan on cooperation in the field of science and technology promotes the development of scientific and technical cooperation based on the principles of equality and mutual benefit. This article is based on the method of reviewing cooperation between the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Azerbaijan in the field of science, education and technology, where potential research areas are identified. Keywords: Belarus-Azerbaijan, scientific and technical relations, international relations, education in Azerbaijan, education in Belarus

Creative Practices in Modern Domestic Cultural and Leisure Space

The purpose of research is to determine the features and functions of creative practices in modern cultural and leisure space. The research methodology is based on the application of an interdisciplinary approach to the set problem and the following methods: cultural, analytical, comparative, and structural-logical. The scientific novelty of the paper is in an attempt to consider a wide range of examples of creative practices in the cultural and leisure sphere in the context of their characteristic features and functions. Conclusions. Significant changes have taken place among modern consumers of cultural and leisure services, primarily in the essence of consumption, factors of production, and recreation as such. People are no longer satisfied with simply purchasing a service or product, they want to develop and improve their skills. Not only those who innovatively create something consider themselves creative, but also those who creatively consume something, corresponding to a certain lifestyle and consumption. This growing desire for creativity is associated with a decrease in time for creative activities. Weekends and holidays are almost the only period when representatives of the creative class have enough free time. The meaning of climbing, hiking, snowboarding is not only to actively spend your free time, but to feel the atmosphere that is the opposite of work and far from everyday life, explore a new space for yourself and get a maximum of new emotions and impressions. The emergence of new types of activities, such as street art, flash mobs, public art in the performance format, also dictates the emergence of new mobile forms of leisure structures. Such events do not require the creation of special spaces, but allow people to realise their need for activity, provoking both planned and spontaneous communication. A new type of cultural and leisure environment is emerging, which can host different activities and different groups of society, where people are always waiting for something new and unexpected. Creative leisure can include a wide variety of activities, such as creating clubs based on interests, groups of joint creativity (theatrical, literary, artistic), linked to certain objects that contribute to the formation of a creative cultural and leisure space. Such examples are drawing, photography, design, yoga, traveling, that is, practices that allow you to develop and improve your skills and potential. In this context, creative leisure can be defined as an activity characterised by the desire to develop personal creative potential; the consumer is involved in the creative process that forms conditions for cultural exchange and communication within courses, educational events; creativity on the part of vacationers and the presence of a special type of space, consumers of cultural services themselves determine what, when, and how they will do; joint production (producers and consumers jointly create services, products, and impressions).Key words: creative practices, cultural and leisure space, creative leisure.

Optimum financial areas: Retooling the governance of global finance

AbstractThis article analyses the political economy of financial stability under conditions of deep cross‐border market integration, adapting the ‘joint products’ approach of Broz among others. Many argue that financial stability is a public good; we propose that it is inherently excludable and that particular conditions must obtain to ensure it is non‐diminishable for all. The difficulties of providing financial stability arise because of the ‘club goods’ nature of monetary and financial systems. We then propose six institutional preconditions that can stabilise a financial market that is integrated across multiple regulatory jurisdictions. We use case studies of Great Britain, the US and Canada to show how national governments have dealt with these political economy dilemmas to stumble towards similar arrangements to stabilise domestic financial market integration. Three criteria relate to the ‘technical substructure’ of markets, while three others focus on macro‐prudential considerations. Together they constitute necessary and sufficient conditions for the provision of financial stability. These criteria generate political economy obstacles both individually and as an interdependent package but can mitigate the costly dynamics of financial market disintegration in times of crisis. We argue that these criteria can be applied across national boundaries as well as across regulatory jurisdictions within them.

Oxidation of Organic Compounds in Supercritical Fluid Conditions During Disposal of Industrial Waste Waters of Nizhnekamskneftekhim PJSC and Kazanorgsintez PJSC

The study performed on the supercritical aqueous oxidation of organic compounds in the water runoff of Nizhnekamskneftekhim PJSC, which was formed at the stage of epoxidation of propylene with ethylbenzene hydroperoxide during the joint production of propylene and styrene oxide, as well as run-off at PJSC "Kazanorginsez", when obtaining phenol and acetone from "Bisphenol-A" plant. The article studies a continuous operation mode on a flow reactor with induction heating (the drain from PJSC "Nizhnekamneftekhim") and periodic on coming from PJSC "Kazanorginsez". It was identified that close to complete oxidation in the presence of heterogeneous catalysts was achieved in a continuous mode at a temperature of 823 K and an excess of oxygen equal to 4.

The Evolution of Sacrifice in Taoist Folklore from the Perspective of Feminism

The advancement of feminism has facilitated a high-quality development in terms of sacrifice in Taoist folk practices. With women being the primary figure in the pursuit of gender equality, it is necessary to put forward research proposals that can better serve women’s needs for self-identity and cultural inheritance. Therefore, an analytical framework is established to explain the evolution of sacrifice in the Taoist context, which is based on the dynamic progression of Taoist folk customs and the internal logic of sacrifice. This framework highlights Taoist sacrifice as a joint product of the evolution mechanism, the belief mechanism of women and gods, and the cultural mechanism of women and society. By examining the evolution of sacrificial practices in Taoist folklore based on historical changes and practical interpretations from a feminist perspective, it can be concluded that the purpose of sacrificial evolution is to provide women with beliefs and culture that meet the expected standards and continuously enhance women’s satisfaction. To this end, it is crucial to further Taoist folklore research and develop a mechanism for interaction and identification between women and Taoist folklore, as well as an evaluation system to evaluate the progress of women and society. This will provide a platform for the liberation of women and improve their living quality, thus achieving the desired societal functions of feminist folklore.

Corporate Personhood and Fiduciary Duties as Critical Constructs in Developing Stakeholder Management Theory and Corporate Purpose

This article considers the complex process of economic value creation in joint production in which a corporation is viewed as more than a nexus of contracts for four reasons related to the interdependent functions of the corporate personhood concept of the corporation as a separate legal entity. Corporate personhood facilitates stewardship and stakeholder management, which can encourage firm-specific investments, reduce shirking, and attenuate rent seeking to provide economic value. The corporate personhood approach illuminates multidimensional constructs for the governance of a corporation at the board level to embody fiduciary duties and corporate purpose, which is much richer than the nexus of contract view.History: This paper has been accepted for the Strategy Science Special Issue on Corporate Purpose.

Correlation Strength Assessment of Animal Husbandry Components to the Implementation of ASEAN Good Animal Husbandry Practices: A case study in layer farming

ASEAN Good Animal Health Practice (GAHP)is a joint product of ASEAN member countries to be applied in layingfarms. The Researchaimed to explore management practices of laying farms in accordance withthe guidelines from ASEAN GAHP. South Lampung District and East Lampung District were the chosen locations in thisResearch. The ASEAN GAHP-based questionnaires were arranged and used for thisResearch. A variety of data analysis were conducted namely normality analysis, validity analysis, reliability analysis, descriptive analysis, and correlation analysistechnique.TheResult showed there were no significant difference were found between South Lampung District and East Lampung District farmers in the implementation of GAHP components in layer farms. Application of Veterinary Control Number(Nomor Kontrol Veteriner,NKV)issued by Government becomes a strong driver for farmers to implement the ASEAN GAHP. The Research concluded the components which havea strong relationship in the implementation of ASEAN-GAHPwere waste management, personnel hygiene, transportation, water quality and treatment, and surveillance and diseases control.

Documenting a Reduction in Signing Space in Nicaraguan Sign Language Using Depth and Motion Capture

In this paper, we use motion tracking technology to document the birth of a brand new language: Nicaraguan Sign Language. Languages are dynamic entities that undergo change and growth through use, transmission, and learning, but the earliest stages of this process are generally difficult to observe as most languages have been used and passed down for many generations. Here, we observe a rare case of language emergence: the earliest stages of the new sign language in Nicaragua. By comparing the signing of the oldest and youngest signers of Nicaraguan Sign Language, we can track how the language itself is changing. Using motion tracking technology, we document a decrease in the size of articulatory space of Nicaraguan Sign Language signers over time. The reduction in articulatory space in Nicaraguan Sign appears to be the joint product of several decades of use and repeated transmission of this newlanguage.

Experimental investigations of optimized 3D Printing Planar X-joints manufactured by stainless steel and high-strength steel

Welded joints are often employed in high-rise buildings and grid-shell structural systems but on-site welding of cut steel tubes for spatially complex frame systems is problematic, time consuming and difficult to ensure quality. Innovative prefabrication combining topology optimization (TO) using the Solid Isotropic Material Penalization Method (SIMP) and additive manufacturing (AM) provides an innovative solution for materially efficient mass production of repetitive joints. Optimized AM joints can be bolted to other members on-site, which promotes construction efficiency, and overcomes the barriers of on-site welding. In this paper, tensile tests are conducted to assess the material properties of mild and stainless steel materials used in different manufacturing processes. Welded and 3D printed joints using different materials are then investigated to maximize the mechanical properties by taking full advantage of AM and TO. A customized non-contact 3D-DIC (Digital Image Correlation) technique based on an open source tool (MultiDic) is applied to analyze and visualize the strain distribution in planar tubular and topologically optimized joints. AM joint exhibits a uniform stress distribution which avoids stress concentrations and the innovative configuration of the optimized joint has good energy absorption resulting in the protection of the central core region of the joint.

High-pressure supersonic carbon dioxide (CO2) separation benefiting carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) technology

Carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) is of unique significance for building a green and resilient energy system, and it is also a key solution to tackle the climate challenge. The concept of supersonic decarburization, a joint product of non-equilibrium condensation and swirling separation, can contribute to CCUS technology in a clean way. In this paper, a numerical model is established and validated to investigate the complex physical phenomena of supersonic decarbonization in a high-pressure environment based on the real gas equation of state. The model is compatible with the pure CO2 model and CH4-CO2 model. Through the simulation of the supersonic nozzle and supersonic separator, the condensation and separation performance of supersonic decarbonization technology was evaluated. For the condensation performance of carbon dioxide, the results show that higher pressure makes it much easier to achieve the condensation process. When the pressure is supercritical, the decrease of inlet temperature or the increase of inlet mole fraction of CO2 leads to a higher liquid fraction. For separation performance, when the mass concentration of inlet heterogeneous droplets increases from 0.1 kg/m3 to 7.5 kg/m3, the carbon separation amount increases from 3.33 ton/h to 4.43 ton/h, while the exergy loss of condensed CO2 drops from 436.57 kJ/kg to 329.56 kJ/kg. It demonstrates that the decarburization process is easier, and exergy required for condensation decreases when the concentration of the foreign core is larger. This new concept is beneficial to CCUS technology and can be applied to carbon capture in offshore natural gas processing.