Joint Board Research Articles

Automatic Solder Joints Layout Algorithm Based on Electrostatics Model

Currently, there are many automated algorithms for solder joints layout, such as genetic algorithms, ant colony algorithms, and neural network-based algorithms. The goal of these algorithms is to find the best solder joint layout to improve the quality of welding. However, due to the limited space in mobile phones, sandwich boards are widely used, and their structure determines that the number of solder joints should be increased as much as possible to enhance the flexibility of the device layout. This article proposes an automatic solder joint layout algorithm based on the electrostatics model for the solder joint layout problem on PCB frame boards and LGA boards. The solder joint and frame board are mapped as charged bodies. The position of each solder joint is continuously iteratively corrected so that the total potential energy of the system is zero, thereby satisfying the constraints to obtain a reasonable layout of the solder joint and increase the number of solder joint layouts. Experimental results show that this algorithm can achieve the maximum automatic layout of solder joints on PCB frame boards and LGA boards, and the space utilization rate can reach 95.5% of the theoretical maximum value.

Some Reflections on the Standard of Review in the Experience of the ESAs Joint Board of Appeal and of the SRB Appeal Panel

Abstract 950In light of the experience we surmise that, in the EU law of finance, both for European courts and the BoA and AP the question is not about changing the standards of review as they stand; it is about ensuring that the standard of legality review is meaningfully applied, because the reviewing court or quasi court is capable of engaging in a dialogue with the supervisory institution in its own terms and challenge its reasoning, having due regard to all factual elements of the case. What kind of error of assessment counts as ‘manifest’ cannot be determined independently of the Court’s understanding of what falls within the acceptable range, which, in turn, cannot be established without reference to the court’s willingness to take an hard, or better said, closer look at all factual and legal elements of the reasoning. Thus, albeit with nuances often determined by the specific features of each case, in the supervisory and resolution context it seems to us that the marginal v full review debate is, in the Banking Union, more academic than practical and that a full assessment of facts, to the extent that procedural rules allow a proactive evidentiary role, Q&A and expert witness, and a stringent review of the interpretation and application of law (and thus of the substantive legality) is possible, and thus full legal accountability and full effective judicial protection is warranted.951

A promise kept? The first years of experience of the Appeal Panel of the SRB

Abstract Within the institutional architecture for financial supervision within the EU, courts coexist with quasi-courts, i. e., review bodies like the ESAs Joint Board of Appeal, the SSM’s Administrative Board of Review (ABoR) and the SRB’s Appeal Panel. This has parallels e. g. US Administrative Law Judges (ALJs). Some argue that this flight away from courts is justified because administrative law and procedure are more flexible. Yet administrative mechanisms are deceptively simple. This paper offers a cautionary tale about the complexities of all quasi-judicial arrangements and their competing and complementary role with courts and presents an analysis of the European framework from both a functional and a comparative perspective.

A Matter of Moral Justice: Black Women Laundry Workers and the Fight for Justice

A Matter of Moral Justice: Black Women Laundry Workers and the Fight for Justice

National pharmacy board meeting: 8 February 2023

The Royal Pharmaceutical Society’s (RPS’s) three national pharmacy boards held their first meetings of 2023 via Zoom on 8 February 2023. A joint meeting of all three boards took place in the morning, followed by separate national pharmacy board meetings in the afternoon. Opening the joint board meeting in the morning, Thorrun Govind, chair of […]

The climate is right for a fundamental change in civil engineering education

Since the industrial revolution, the civil engineers who created a built environment for a civilisation that is based on fossil fuel have been admired. For over 250 years, engineers have been educated and trained for the ‘upslope’ of using ever more resources to fuel engineering needs. However, there is now an urgent requirement to enter an era that is an order of magnitude shorter, and which is on the steep ‘downslope’ towards net-zero carbon dioxide by 2050 or earlier. The difference between what it meant to be an engineer on the upslope and what it means to be engineer on the downslope is colossal. The first step for all educators is to realise this, to embrace it and to be part of the solution by instilling a downslope mentality in engineering students. The Joint Board of Moderators (JBM) has recently reviewed and updated its guidelines for universities. It has placed the climate emergency central to the education of future civil engineers. This paper describes the background to, and details of, the changes made by the JBM. Given that creativity is enhanced through these additional challenges, what could possibly be more exciting for today's engineering students than knowing that they will lead the profession in achieving massive reductions in emissions, to the benefit of all humanity? The JBM, and society, require of civil engineering education that this ambition is fulfilled.

Joint board management meetings and earnings management

PurposeJoint board management meetings bring boards of directors and top management teams together to share information and discuss company matters. The authors investigate whether these joint meetings are associated with higher agency costs or information sharing benefits in the context of firm earnings management.Design/methodology/approachUsing publicly disclosed data on the frequency of joint board management meetings in Indonesian firms, the authors examine the relationship between joint board management meetings and earnings management during 2010–2017.FindingsThe authors find that more joint board management meetings are associated with lower earnings management. This is consistent with joint board management meetings providing net information sharing benefits. Additional testing indicates that the results are the strongest when firms hold more joint board management meetings than regular board meetings.Originality/valueThe findings suggest that in addition to holding regular board and audit committee meetings, formal meetings between boards of directors and top management teams are beneficial to shareholders by restricting opportunistic accounting choices by firm management.

‘Keen to Foul Their Own Nests’: Contemporary and Historical Criticism of the Permanent Joint Board on Defence of 1940

On 17 August 1940, President Franklin Roosevelt met with Canada’s Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King in the town of Ogdensburg, which lies just across the Canadian border in upstate New York. There the two leaders agreed on the formation of the Permanent Joint Board on Defence (PJBD) to advise on policies for the defence and security of the North American continent. The PJBD was commended on all sides, in public at least, not only in the United States and Canada but also in Britain, where the new prime minister, Winston Churchill, speaking in the House of Commons on 20 August, compared the trend towards growing cooperation between the British Empire and the United States to the relentless flow of the Mississippi river. He also referred approvingly to the Permanent Joint Board in his post-war Fulton speech, delivered on 5 March 1946, as an important element in the ‘special relationship’ between the British Empire and the United States. Later commentators, including John Bartlet Brebner, have also seen the Joint Board as a significant part of the ‘North Atlantic Triangle’. However, as this article shows, the PJBD has also attracted plenty of criticism – both contemporary and historical.

National Pharmacy Board meeting: 29 September 2022

The Royal Pharmaceutical Society’s (RPS’s) three national pharmacy boards held a joint meeting of open business on 29 September 2022. This was the first joint board meeting to be held in hybrid format, with some members joining through Zoom and others present in each of the Society’s three national headquarters. Apologies were received from Iain […]

Six Weeks of Hip Joint Training Using a Novel Multihip Joint Board Improves Sprint Performance in Competitive Collegiate Male Sprinters.

Nakata, H, Nakanishi, Y, Otsuki, S, Mizuno, M, Connor, J, and Doma, K. Six weeks of hip joint training using a novel multihip joint board improves sprint performance in competitive collegiate male sprinters. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2891-2897, 2022-In a previous study, we identified the possibility that hip joint training using a multihip joint board (MHJB) may increase the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the psoas major (PM) muscle and improve sprint performance. However, the preliminary study reported descriptive findings because of a limited sample size. Therefore, we aimed to investigate and statistically infer the effects of the MHJB training protocol with a larger sample of male collegiate sprinters. The sprinters were randomly assigned to either the MHJB group ( n = 7) or the control group ( n = 7). The MHJB protocol consisted of 7 separate exercises targeting the development of the hip musculature, all using the MHJB device. The MHJB group undertook the MHJB protocol 3 times per week for 6 weeks, after their normal daily workout, whereas the control group completed their normal daily workout without the MHJB protocol. Sprint performance was recorded from official 100-m competitions before, and after, the 6-week training period. At the end of the training period, significantly greater improvement in PM CSA and 100-m sprint was noted in the MHJB group compared with the control group. These findings confirm the efficacy of MHJB training for increasing PM CSA and improve sprint performance in competitive male sprinters.

Environmental nationalist: Andrew McNaughton and Canada–US relations in the Cold War

Prior to 1945, General Andrew George Latta McNaughton had already made a name for himself as an army general, engineer, inventor, and cabinet minister. After 1945, McNaughton occupied a number of key international roles for Canada: at the United Nations, on the Permanent Joint Board on Defence, and on the International Joint Commission. Even though he became one of Canada’s most important diplomatic actors during the early Cold War period, this aspect of his career has been mostly ignored by international historians. This article examines McNaughton’s key involvement in the evolution of a number of Canada–US water megaprojects, arguing that his nationalism underpinned his approach to bilateral relations, which combined deep technical expertise with a willingness to publicly assert the Canadian national interest. McNaughton’s approach should be studied not only to better understand North American environmental diplomacy in the Cold War but also to draw from it several lessons for contemporary times.

Ambition, ‘failure’ and the laboratory: Birmingham as a centre of twentieth-century British scientific psychiatry

This article will reveal how local scientific determination and ambition, in the face of rejection by funders, navigated a path to success and to influence in national policy and international medicine. It will demonstrate that Birmingham, England's 'second city', was the key centre for cutting-edge biological psychiatry in Britain in the 1920s and 1930s. The ambitions of Frederick Mott - doyen of biochemistry, neuropathology and neuropsychiatry, until now celebrated as a London figure - to revolutionize psychiatric treatment through science, chimed with those of the City and University of Birmingham's Joint Board of Research for Mental Diseases. Under Mott's direction, shaped by place and inter-professional working, the board's collaborators included psychiatrist Thomas Chivers Graves and world-renowned physiologist J.S. Haldane. However, starved of external money and therefore fresh ideas, as well as oversight, the 'groupthink' that emerged created the classic UK focal sepsis theory which, it was widely believed, would yield a cure for mental illness - a cure that never materialized. By tracing the venture's growth, accomplishments and contemporary potential for biochemical, bacterial and therapeutic discoveries - as well as its links with scientist and key government adviser Solly Zuckerman - this article illustrates how 'failure' and its ahistorical assessment fundamentally obscure past importance, neglect the early promise offered by later unsuccessful science, and can even hide questionable research.

Systems and sustainability

ABSTRACT This Special Issue poses the question ‘What is the Body of Knowledge for Engineers involved with Civil Engineering Systems?’ There are some landmark systems concepts and some characteristic techniques. In that sense, there is a body of knowledge. But is a body of knowledge sufficient? Perhaps not. This paper gives a summary of how Sustainable Development guidelines were developed and embedded in the curricula requirements for civil engineering courses accredited by the Joint Board of Moderators in the UK and further afield. These requirements extended beyond parcels of Knowledge to include particular Skills and some Attitudes and Awareness. The development of these guidelines was all about systems and systems thinking. And whilst some systems tools and techniques have and continue to be used in narrower technical applications, they come into their own when examining and trying to resolve complex problems. And such problems will define the twenty-first century and humanity’s place in it.

Study on the Uplift Resistance of a Joint Board Cable Foundation Considering the Critical Burial Depth

Joint board cable foundation is a kind of foundation form proposed by the author which is applied to transmission lines. In the study of pullout resistance of a joint board cable foundation, the most important factor is the critical depth of the anchor plate. Theoretical analyses, numerical simulations, and field tests were carried out to study the impact of the critical burial depth on the uplift capacity. Test results were corrected by the back-stepping cohesive force method. The theoretical analyses, numerical simulations, and field test results are consistent. It is found that the development of the plastic failure zone in the foundation is directly controlled by the shear strain. Through the field test, the pullout resistance of the anchor plate is studied, and it is found that the depth ratio has the most influence on the pullout capacity of the anchor plate. The field tests also provide valuable data for theoretical calculation, numerical simulation, and design of joint board cable foundations. The field test data analysis and numerical simulation results show that the optimal burial depth ratio of the joint board cable foundation is about 2.5–3.0. Therefore, in the design of the joint board cable foundation, 2.5 can be adopted as the critical depth ratio of the joint board cable.

Helping teachers to respond to COVID-19 in the Eastern Caribbean: issues of readiness, equity and care

ABSTRACT Education in the Eastern Caribbean has been heavily influenced by the colonial history of the sub-region. In recent years though, in recognition of the fact that the traditional approaches to teaching and learning are no longer meeting the needs of present-day students, there have been calls for change to more student-friendly ones, with electronic technology playing a significant role. However, the resistance to certain types of devices in the classroom has contributed to the slow uptake of widespread use of electronic technology and the online environment as a mode for teaching and learning. The closure of schools due to the advent of COVID-19 pandemic forced education systems in the region to turn to the online environment to engage students in educational activities. Students, teachers and other education officials had to face their apprehensions and venture into this space for schooling. This paper describes actions taken by the Eastern Caribbean Joint Board of Teacher Education to help teachers cope with this different learning environment, guided by the concepts of teacher readiness, equity relating to access of resources and providing caring support for all affected.

Law and practice of financial appeal bodies (ESAs’ Board of Appeal, SRB Appeal Panel): A view from the inside

This paper offers some lessons drawn from the first years of experience of both the joint Board of Appeal (BoA) of the European Supervisory Authorities and the Appeal Panel (AP) of the Single Resolution Board.The paper outlines their institutional design and the main substantive and procedural issues that have arisen in the cases so far decided by both bodies. It offers a view “from the inside”, which shows not only the certainties of appeal bodies, but also their many challenges. The paper also discusses design strengths and weaknesses of the current EU adjudicatory system of public law disputes in the Banking Union and the Capital Markets Union, bearing in mind the importance of independent review, and the Vaassen criteria for “courts”. The paper concludes by offering preliminary stocktaking and reflections on a possible way forward to enhance the complementary (and supporting) role of financial appeal bodies to the EU courts.

Development of an Engineering Geology field trip for Civil Engineering students

This paper describes and discusses the various elements of a one-week Engineering Geology field trip that has been developed for second-year undergraduate students studying Civil Engineering at Imperial College London. It is an essential component of the education of civil engineers and, as such, is a requirement of the accreditation defined by the Institution of Civil Engineers Joint Board of Moderators (ICE JBM). The trip is structured to develop the students' awareness of geological features and their ability to record and sketch key observations in the field. Having described the geological features, the students are prompted to think about consequent potential engineering hazards relating to them and also the influence of human activity, past and present, on the ground and environment. During the course of the week the students develop their observational and logging skills, with constant staff feedback both outdoors and during summary student presentation sessions in the evenings. A marked progressive improvement has been noted as a consequence of this approach. On the final day of the week the students have to map a coastal section, observing and recording the stratigraphy and significant features such as bedding, discontinuities and faulting, with the latter quantified by measuring quantities such as dip, strike and plunge, as appropriate. The students' work, assessed as part of the field trip, is completed by them and handed in just before final departure at the end of the week, most of it being completed in the field.

The multilayer structure of corporate networks

Various company interactions can be described by networks, for instance the ownership networks and the board membership networks. To understand the ecosystem of companies, these interactions cannot be seen in isolation. For this purpose we construct a new multiplex network of interactions between companies in Germany and in the United Kingdom, combining ownership links, social ties through joint board directors, R&D collaborations and stock correlations in one linked multiplex dataset. We describe the features of this network and show there exists a non-trivial overlap between these different types of networks, where the different types of connections complement each other and make the overall structure more complex. This highlights that corporate control, boardroom influence and other connections have different structures and together make an even smaller corporate world than previously reported. We have a first look at the relation between company performance and location in the network structure.

Actions and inactions in the investigation of breaches of Union law by the European Supervisory Authorities

This article takes stock of one of the major innovations under the European System of Financial Supervision (ESFS): the breach of Union law procedure. Under this procedure, the European Supervisory Authorities (ESAs) have a key role to play in policing breaches of Union law, but they have rarely taken formal action. Many decisions are decisions not to act, i.e. declining to open investigations following a request by a complainant. Some of these “inactions” have been scrutinized before the Joint Board of Appeal of the ESAs (BoA). One was appealed before the EU judiciary, which denied “ordinary” complainants procedural safeguards, including rights of appeal before the BoA and the EU courts. This article seeks to shed light on the ESAs’ decisions not to act under the breach of Union law procedure, focusing on the ESAs’ very substantial discretionary right not to initiate an investigation, and suggesting that the procedural position of some ordinary complainants should be revisited.

The Joint Board Cable Foundation Ultimate Pullout Resistance Formula Derivation and Aided Program Design

As a new type of transmission line foundation developed by the author, joint board cable foundation has obtained an invention patent and has a good application in the transmission tower foundation of thick collapsible loess regions. The research on the ultimate tensile strength of the base plate will be the key to carry on this design. In order to do a better job in the general design of the base plate, the author starts with the research on the uplift resistance theory of joint board cable foundation, who has put forward uplift resistance theory of joint board cable foundation formula, simplified the formula, and derived the calculation formula of the uplift stability of joint board cable foundation. The author has calculated dimensionless coefficient by self-compiled program and has studied on the rationality of the simplified calculation formula. The results from the study indicate that the calculation formula of the uplift stability of joint board cable foundation is easy to use, dimensionless coefficient can be derived through using chinese procedure, the formula reduces the computational difficulty of lower plate uplift resistance, the rationality and accuracy of the formula are proved through the research on the rationality of the simplified formula.