Joint Army Research Articles

Legal regulation of enforcement cooperation within the EU

This article is devoted to the analysis of the legal regulation of law enforcement cooperation within the EU, where there is an integral system of organizational, legal, technical and informational mechanisms that allow the member states and the European Union in general to achieve effective results in the protection of security on the territories of the EU as a whole and state- members in particular. Three main areas, namely the European Multidisciplinary Platform Against Criminal Threats (EMPACT), the problem of unification and harmonization of legal regulation of cross-border cooperation, for example within the framework of joint investigative operations, the activities of special supranational institutions in this field in the article is being investigated. In particular, the content of the fundamental regulatory act in this area was analyzed - the Code of Police Cooperation, which establishes the legal regulation of cross-border harassment and surveillance, the procedure for conducting joint investigative operations and establishing joint training and professional development. Considerable attention is dedicated to the problem of the common information space of law enforcement cooperation, within which the SIS information system was created, the SIRENE bureau operates, and a number of other supranational tools. The European practice of combating modern challenges of criminal and legal threats is studied in the article as an example of high standards of law enforcement cooperation in the fight against cross-border crime and guaranteeing the safety of human life for Ukraine. In order to introduce such standards, a holistic study of the entire legal array regulating the cooperation of law enforcement agencies within the EU is necessary, with the aim of harmonizing the law of Ukraine in accordance with the Association Agreement, in particular, Chapter III "Justice, Freedom and Security". On the other hand, Ukraine should become a pillar of European security, given the incredible threat to Europe from the aggressor country Russia. Europe seriously thought about its security and the formation of a joint army and rapid response forces. That is why the security of Europe today depends on the joint close cooperation of the EU and Ukraine.

The Optics of MAGIC: FDR’s 1941 SIGINT Stumbles and Japan’s Hidden Plans for America (1940–1941)

Abstract Since the 1941 Japanese attack against Pearl Harbor, numerous politicians, government analysts, and scholars have questioned how the Roosevelt administration could have been caught so unawares and incurred such heavy casualties at the onset of the Second World War. The postwar disclosure that President Franklin D. Roosevelt and his senior advisers had access to Japan’s diplomatic message system through a small joint Army–Navy cryptologic program, called MAGIC, further complicated the search for answers. Although many historians have cited the value of MAGIC linked to Pearl Harbor, few have looked at the overall intelligence value of Japan’s American targets for data collection beyond the first strike situation. Marshall’s ordered comprehensive review of the MAGIC cables in the days following the December 7 attack failed to explain the reason for a Japanese data dump of several hundred messages in length. What did military intelligence miss? What does Signals Intelligence show us about Japan’s post-Pearl Harbor plans for the United States? A deep read of the material contextualized by other intelligence reports reveals administrative optics likely blinded the American nation to Japan’s intended wartime game plan, setting up the potential for a disaster as great as the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor.

Development of in vitro models of the human intestinal microbiome

The gut microbiome is a key modulator of human health, metabolism, and immune function. Extensive study on the role of the microbiome has taken place since its significance was realized, with the majority of efforts characterizing its relationship to nutrient availability and disease state. Studies predominantly focus on the large intestine, rapidly emerging as a nexus for human health with less known regarding the small intestine microbiome due to its relative accessibility. Of particular interest is the relationship between stress and induced perturbations to the microbiome. Research has largely focused on chronic health states whereas acute stressors mostly experienced by athletes and Soldiers, such as sudden changes in diet and sporadic duration of fasted and fed states, have largely been unexplored thus far. Here, we present our efforts to utilize in vitro fermentation as a modelling tool to simulate the large and small intestine microbial ecosystems and support derivation of a link between nutrition, military‐relevant stressors and the gut microbiome with health and performance. In vitro fermentation affords greater flexibility and accessibility compared to animal or human clinical trials and can be utilized to inform in vivo studies. Efforts to develop a continuous culture model of the gut microbiome, the Joint Army Automated Colon‐on‐a‐bench (jA2COB), will be presented, as will our most recent efforts to model the small intestine microbiome. Use of an automated, parallel bioreactor platform enabled real‐time monitoring and control of numerous fermentation parameters including pH, anaerobicity, and fermentation volume. Inocula for jA2COB were prepared from fresh fecal donations pooled from multiple individuals and grown in separate anaerobic bioreactors representing the domains of the colon alone or in sequence, either separately under batch conditions for 24–48 hours and in sequence for up to five weeks. Aliquots were removed at discrete intervals throughout the study to monitor phylogenetic population dynamics via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA sequencing. To date, jA2COB has been employed to explore biotransformation of polyphenolic compounds and stress‐induced alterations to microbial metabolism for nutritional inputs; results will be presented. To model the small intestine microbiome, a polymicrobial community representative of major small intestine phyla and functions was designed as an analogue. The polymicrobial community fermented in a microaerophilic environment representative of the ileum; preliminary results indicate synergistic growth behavior between species. Progress on small intestine model architecture will also be presented. Use of in vitro fermentation to model the human intestinal microbiota will enable broader investigation of the effect of Soldier‐relevant stressors on gut health and may act as a precursor to human or animal studies. Insight gleaned from these models, alone or in concert with in vivo studies, can inform nutritional strategies to restore and maintain Soldier gut homeostasis.Support or Funding InformationFunded through in‐house support from Soldier Performance Optimization Directorate ‐ NSRDEC.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Mapping Human Terrain in the Joint Army–Navy Intelligence Study of Korea (1945)

The concept of human terrain has become a prominent element of U.S. military strategy. It is a means to capture the cultural–geographical qualities of an enemy or target population. An early effort to map human terrain is found in the Joint Army–Navy Intelligence Study (JANIS) of Korea (1945). We argue that the JANIS report on Korea was paradigmatic for the U.S. military's contemporary geographical work and offers insights into the cultural politics of human terrain mapping. This explains why the JANIS text is cited by the National Geospatial-Intelligence College (NGC) today as an historical model. This article not only offers a window into the history of geography counterinsurgent but also shows that geography has been entwined with empire.

A Joint Army for the Arabian Gulf

When allies face serious external threats, their disagreements are often sidelined in order to promote a more visibly united front. Indeed, internal and external challenges recently prompted the six Arab monarchies of Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman and Bahrain to announce the formation of a joint military command. However, Yoel Guzansky argues that, as past experience indicates, this initiative might remain hostage to intra-Gulf Cooperation Council rivalries and make only a marginal contribution to Gulf security.

Theoretical Study of Indium Compounds of Interest for Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition

The structural, electronic, and thermochemical properties of indium compounds which are of interest in halide transport and organometallic chemical vapor deposition processes have been studied by ab initio and statistical thermodynamic methods. The compounds reported include: indium halides and hydrides (InF, InCl, InCl3, InH, InH2, InH3); indium clusters (In2, In3); methylindium, dimethylindium, and their hydrogen derivatives [In(CH3), In(CH3)H, In(CH3)H2, In(CH3)2, In(CH3)2H]; dimethylindium dimer [In2(CH3)4] and trimethylindium [In(CH3)3]; dehydrogenated methyl-, dimethyl-, and trimethylindium [In(CH3)2CH2, In(CH3)CH2, In(CH2)]; trimethylindium adducts with ammonia, trimethylamine and hydrazine [(CH3)3In:NH3, (CH3)3In:N(CH3)3, (CH3)3In:N(H2)N(H2)]; dimethylamino-indium and methylimino-indium [In(CH3)2(NH2), In(CH3)(NH)]; indium nitride and indium nitride dimer (InN, In2N2); indium phosphide, -arsenide, and -antimonide (InP, InAs, InSb). The predicted electronic properties are based on density functional theory calculations; the calculated thermodynamic properties are reported following the format of the JANAF (Joint Army, Navy, NASA, Air Force) Tables. Equilibrium compositions at two temperatures (298 and 1000K) have been analyzed for groups of competing simultaneous reactions.

Numerical Investigation of Twin-Nozzle Rocket Plume Phenomenology

The generalized implicit e ow solver (GIFS)computerprogram has been modie ed and applied fortheanalysis of three-dimensionalreactingtwo-phasee owsimulationproblems.TheintentoftheoriginalGIFSdevelopmenteffort was to provide the joint Army, Navy, NASA, Air Force community with a standard computational methodology to simulate the complete e owe eld of propulsion systems including multiple nozzle/plume e owe eld phenomena and other three-dimensional effects. The Van Leer e ux splitting option has been successfully implemented into the existing GIFS model and provides a more robust solution scheme, making application of the model more reasonable for engineering applications. Signie cant results of several twin-nozzle/plume simulations using the GIFS code are reported. Eight simulations of Titan II plume e owe elds have been completed to assess the effects of three dimensionality, turbulent viscosity, afterburning, near-e eld shock structure, e nite rate kinetic chemistry, internozzlegeometricspacing,nozzleexitplaneproe le,andmissilebodyonthesubsequentplumeexhauste owe eld. The results of these calculations indicate that the viscous stress model; kinetic chemistry, particularly at lower altitudes; and nozzle exit proe le may be important parameters that should be considered in the analyses and the interpretation of radar signature calculations. Three dimensionality is also an important ine uence, which can substantially ine uence the interpretation of the results. If three-dimensional effects are oversimplie ed in the model, analyses of the spatial results can be misinterpreted and misapplied. In addition, the missile body effect and internozzle geometric spacing ine uence the expansion shock ree ection location that can signie cantly affect the plume/plume impingement shock location, inviscid shock structure, and shear-layer growth.

Envisioning Yuan Ming Yuan (Garden of Perfect Brightness)

The Summer Palace is one of the most popular tourist spots in Beijing, China. However, the name Summer Palace used to belong to Yuan Ming Yuan, one of the three most important architectural projects in Chinese history together with the Great Wall and the Dun Huang Caves. Translated into English, Yuan Ming Yuan means the Garden of Perfect Brightness. In October 1860, at the peak of the Second Opium War (also known as the Arrow War), the British and French joint army set Yuan Ming Yuan on fire. To bring Yuan Ming Yuan back to life, the authors are building a digital version using computer graphics.

Recovery of Gamma Dose Military Specification Failures during Low and High Power Life Testing of Silicon Transistors

A statistical investigation was conducted to determine recovery of and long term reliability of silicon transistors degraded by total gamma dose. This work was sponsored by the U. S. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory under contract N0022867-C-0292. This program was performed in three phases. Phase I. Over 1,400 transistors were electrically "burned-in" prior to irradiation to secure Joint Army and Navy TX (text extra) devices per MIL-S-19500 for control and test groups. Culling of devices was performed on the basis of PDS (parameter drift screening) and mil. spec. parameter limits. Parameters measured included common emitter current gains, hFE; breakdown and saturation voltages; and leakage currents, ICBO and IEBO. Control and test groups were maintained under electrical operation before, during, and for a total of 1,000 hours following exposure without disconnecting the biasing. Serious degradation of current gain was observed during irradiation. Following exposure, partial recovery of both current gain degradation and leakage current increases were monitored while the transistors remained under continuous operation. Phase II. After 1,000 hours of post exposure continuous operation the transistors were disconnected periodically for the monitoring of transistor parameters during an additional 2,700 hours of low power lifetesting. Although significant recovery was observed during the 1,000 hours of Phase I continuous operation, only slight recovery was noted in the remaining Phase II 2,700 hours of testing. Phase III. Following the low power lifetesting transistors were then subjected to electrical stressing at various biasing levels at, below, and above maximum rated power.

Impact of nuclear weapons on military and civilian medical organizations.

• Successful offensive tactics in nuclear warfare depend on the development of small, mobile, self-sufficient tactical elements capable of rapid dispersion and regroupment. Successful defense similarly depends on the development of units that will not offer an easy target for a nuclear weapon; they must be flexible and mobile, yet linked by centralized control. The medical support, in particular, must include casualty-treatment units widely dispersed in each community and capable of operating for short periods with communications destroyed. All individuals therein must be trained in first aid for assistance to both themselves and others; organic medical support attached to tactical units must be as small as possible; all other supporting medical units must be mobile, widely dispersed, and centrally controlled; rapid transportation must be available. Individuals concerned with medical care must be available for transfer to and from distant areas, and they must be under some type of disciplinary control, the nature of which, whether civilian or military, should be decided before the emergency arises. Experience gained from a joint Army and Air Force maneuver in 1955 demonstrated these points, but the pattern can also be adaped by civilian communities to the problem of supplying medical care under disaster conditions.

Post-War Government and Politics of Korea

Previous articleNext article No AccessPost-War Government and Politics of KoreaGeorge M. McCuneGeorge M. McCune Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Politics Volume 9, Number 4Nov., 1947 Sponsored by the Southern Political Science Association Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/2125734 Views: 52Total views on this site Citations: 6Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Hyongrae Kim Interpreters in the United States Army Military Government in Korea: “A Government of, for, and by Interpreters”?, TTR : traduction, terminologie, rédaction 34, no.22 (Jan 2021): 123.https://doi.org/10.7202/1086625arSeung-Ook Lee, Trevor Barnes, Joel Wainwright Mapping Human Terrain in the Joint Army–Navy Intelligence Study of Korea (1945), The Professional Geographer 67, no.44 (Jun 2015): 663–675.https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2015.1033668Brian Yecies Film and the Representation of Ideas in Korea during and after Japanese Occupation, 1940–8, (Jan 2015): 129–151.https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137408112_7Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, Command and General Staff College Foundation Proceedings from the Summit on Entrepreneurship and Expeditionary Economics: Toward a New Approach to Economic Growth Following Conflict or Disaster, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2010).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1774875Diane Éthier L’imposition de la démocratie a-t-elle été l’exception ou la règle depuis 1945 ?, Études internationales 41, no.33 (Nov 2010): 313–339.https://doi.org/10.7202/044904arGeorge M. McCune The Korean Situation, Far Eastern Survey 17, no.1717 (Sep 1948): 197–202.https://doi.org/10.2307/3021543

The S-Function Method or Measuring Attenuation of Coaxial Radio-Frequency Cable

DURING the last few years coaxial radio-frequency cable has been purchased in large quantities by the Army and the Navy for use in aircraft and surface vessels as radio and video transmission lines. Inspection of this cable has been carried out at the factories in accordance with the requirements of the applicable specifications, the latest of which is the Joint Army — Navy Specification JAN-C-17. These specifications require frequent measurements, at the factories, of the characteristic impedance and attenuation during production.

The S-function method of measuring attenuation of coaxial radio-frequency cable

DURING the last few years coaxial radio-frequency cable has been purchased in large quantities by the Army and the Navy for use in aircraft and surface vessels as radio and video transmission lines. Inspection of this cable has been carried out at the factories in accordance with the requirements of the applicable specifications, the latest of which is the Joint Army — Navy Specification JAN-C-17. These specifications require frequent measurements, at the factories, of the characteristic impedance and attenuation during production.

Off-Duty Educational Services in the Armed Forces

a central staff, several thousand officers and enlisted men are utilizing their own free time in organizing, directing, and developing educational programs. It is not necessary to describe in detail the steps taken by both civilian agencies and the military in the establishment of the off-duty program.' It is interesting to note, however, that many preliminary steps had been taken almost a year before Pearl Harbor. On July 22, 1940, the Secretary of War established the Morale Division of the Army. In January of 1941 a special committee of educators presented a proposed program of recreation and education for the Army followed by a series of subsidiary reports on correspondence study and library service. On February 12, 1941, the Joint Army and Navy Committee on Welfare and Recreation was created by appointment of the Secretary of War and the Secretary of the Navy for liaison and advisory purposes, and it, in turn, appointed a Subcommittee on Education. The Navy, operating on a somewhat different basis, informally organized its educational activities on September 1, 1942, and the Educational Services Section was officially established in February 1943 by Circular Letter.