Joint Agreements Research Articles

Proste formy kooperacji rolnej jako ukryte metody kolektywizacji wsi na Warmii i Mazurach w latach 1948–1956

Along with the change in the agricultural policy in 1948 that was inspired by the Kremlin and imposed during the 2nd Cominform in Bucharest, the collectivisation of the rural area became a doctrinal issue in the agricultural policy of Communist states. Apart from the direct methods of collectivisation that concerned strong administrative and economic pressures towards the peasants, the authorities also undertook actions that were to introduce the production cooperatives in a more clouded manner. These included, among others, establishing self–help villages, joint agreements between the villagers and State Machinery Centres (Pol. Państwowe Ośrodki Maszynowe, POM) for machinery services for their fields, developing simple forms of agricultural cooperation in the arbitrarily created units for cultivation, grassland, farming, etc. These activities, aided by a system of con-cessions and preferences, brought certain results, especially towards the end of the discussed period. They prove the wide array of measures and methods used by the Communist authorities in their attempts at collectivisation.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE JOINT AGREEMENT IN THE FORM OF COMPENSATION FOR TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT THAT CONTRARY TO LABOR LAW

Humans as social creatures always work, either endeavored alone or work with others in meeting their needs, which then gave birth to work relationships. The working relationship in the journey does not always run harmoniously but there are often disputes that sometimes end with the termination of employment (PHK), as happened in the Supreme Court Decree No: 788k/Pdt.Sus-PHI/2018, where the company laid off workers against and provide compensation for layoffs based on collective agreements and are not guided by the provisions of layoffs in Law No. 13 concerning Manpower.The method of approach used is normative juridical, with research specifications analytical descriptive. The results showed that the joint agreement applied by the Supreme Court Judge as a legal basis in resolving cases, defects an objective requirement that is violating the halal causal conditions, because it regulates layoff compensation whose value is not under the provisions of Article 156 paragraph (1), (2), (3) and (4) the Manpower Act, thus violating the legal conditions of the agreement in Article 1320 of the Civil Code, therefore the agreement is invalid and has no legal force. Besides, the work period of workers with companies based on PKWT should legally change to PKWTT as stipulated in Article 59 paragraph (7) of the Manpower Act.Keywords: Compensation, Work termination, Joint Agreements.

Plan universitario para pueblos indígenas: experiencia de construcción participativa de la Universidad Nacional

<p>Este ensayo busca aportar a la discusión relacionado con la construcción de universidades más inclusivas e interculturales, desde la sistematización de la estrategia adoptada por la Universidad Nacional (UNA) en Costa Rica para la pertinente implementación del Plan para Pueblos Indígenas Quinquenal (PPIQ) suscrito por cuatro universidades públicas costarricenses en 2014, el cual tomó características diferenciadas de implementación debido a la diversidad histórica entre ellas en la construcción de relaciones con pueblos indígenas y en las formas de gestión académica y administrativa, las cuales obligan a una adecuación singular de los acuerdos conjuntos del PPIQ. En el caso de la UNA, la ejecución del Plan y el cumplimiento de sus compromisos se fundamenta en la participación propositiva de cada instancia involucrada desde sus experiencias y posibilidades. Así, la coordinación original del PPIQ se amplió para absorber a los diferentes actores, con actividades propuestas y ejecutadas desde cada instancia. Además, ha sido vital la inclusión del estudiantado indígena universitario en la planeación, formulación, ejecución y seguimiento de las acciones y compromisos, de tal manera que se ha transformado en un actor esencial para la ejecución exitosa del Plan y para su continuidad en el futuro, lo que ha contribuido, también, con el fortalecimiento de aspectos identitarios, en tanto, indígenas y como universitarios. Este modelo abierto y participativo ha permitido tener resultados importantes en corto tiempo; además de permitir la incorporación de acciones y metas de la iniciativa en estrategias de trabajo permanente de las diferentes instancias.</p>

Workforce development and higher education in Ghana: A symmetrical relationship between industry and higher education institutions

This article is based on an empirical study of the importance of a symmetrical relationship between higher education institutions (HEIs) and cognate industry in Ghana. Using social capital theory as the theoretical underpinning of the study, the authors investigate how social structure and networks serve to explain HEI–industry relationships. The research follows a mixed-methods approach for gathering and analysing data from students, academics and industry representatives. The results suggest that the current relationships between HEIs and industry in Ghana could be improved through joint agreements, academic engagement and the development of policies that create synergy between the two entities. Additionally, the benefits to HEIs from such symmetrical relationships include the development of students’ employability skills and technology proficiency as well as the contribution of industry experts to educational programmes. The authors discuss the implications of their findings in relation to theory, practice and future research.

Expliciteren van co-creatieopbrengsten

Explicating yields of co-creation For the purpose of applied research in and quality improvement of co-creation processes, we present an approach by which the yields of co-creation are made explicit. Firstly, participants reflect individually on perceived yields, supported by key questions and competency-goal reflection matrices. Subsequently these reflections bring focus to a joint dialogue and agreements related to co-creation efficacy. Both individual reflections as well as (summaries of) the joint dialogue can be used both as research data for the study of specific partnerships and for cross-case comparisons. The proposed approach fits a pragmatic research paradigm and contributes to both ecological and catalytic validity. We clarify our approach, illustrate it with practical examples, and reflect on the usability.

Water conflict management and cooperation between Afghanistan and Pakistan

Managing water resource systems usually involves conflicts. Water recognizes no borders, defining the global geopolitics of water conflicts, cooperation, negotiations, management, and resource development. Negotiations to develop mechanisms for two or more states to share an international watercourse involve complex networks of natural, social and political system (Islam and Susskind, 2013). The Kabul River Basin presents unique circumstances for developing joint agreements for its utilization, rendering moot unproductive discussions of the rights of upstream and downstream states based on principles of absolute territorial sovereignty or absolute territorial integrity (McCaffrey, 2007). This paper analyses the different stages of water conflict transformation between Afghanistan and Pakistan. It first examines historical disputes between the upstream and downstream riparians, revolving around contending rights claims, resulting in zero-sum confrontations with one party’s loss as another’s gain, possibly ending in confrontation. The paper then formulates a decision support tool, a mechanism for transforming conflict into cooperation, and concludes by introducing practical methods for identifying basin needs and sharing benefits, enabling riparians to negotiate a win-win process.

Franco-German cooperation and the rescuing of the Eurozone

This article analyzes the effect of Franco-German cooperation on Economic and Monetary Union reforms, negotiated between 2010 and 2015. We identify three causal mechanisms theorizing how Franco-German cooperation affected the outcomes of EMU negotiations, namely through (a) the elimination of issues from the negotiation agenda; (b) the identification of compromise solutions or the provision of compensations; and (c) the power-based imposition of joint agreements on other member states. We use process tracing to analyze almost the full sample of contested issues included in the ‘EMU Positions’ dataset. Our findings underline that France and Germany indeed eliminated issues to which they were jointly opposed, but they also positively shaped the agenda by proposing compromises and offering compensation. No evidence supports the power-focused perspective of a Franco-German directoire.

Collaboration in public transport planning – Why, how and what?

This paper is about collaboration in public transport governance. Drawing upon the emerging literature that views collaboration through the lens of networks, we explore why and how regional public transport authorities collaborate with both municipalities and public transport operators in the planning of public transport. We also explore the advantages and disadvantages of such collaborations. Based on interviews with civil servants (government officers) in the Swedish metropolitan regions of Stockholm, Västra Götaland and Scania, we conclude that collaboration is, firstly, a way for the regional public transport authorities (RPTA) to engage with the local municipalities and develop joint agreements on public transport priorities. It is also a way to build a common identity with the public transport operators, who operate services under tendered contracts. Secondly, we find that collaboration takes place during official meetings, as well as in informal conversations and face-to-face dialogues. Thirdly, the potential advantages and disadvantages of collaboration hinge on the ability of coordinating actors to put in place processes where the feasibility of plans can be established, and where a sense of common identity can be constructed.

Implicaciones contables de los “acuerdos conjuntos” para empresas con operaciones en el exterior: el caso de una empresa colombiana

Las empresas colombianas que tienen operaciones en el exterior utilizando la figura de “acuerdos conjuntos” tienen diferentes alternativas para contabilizar estas operaciones, lo cual implica efectos diferentes en los reportes contables. En este trabajo se presenta el caso del Grupo Empresarial Integral, que ofrece servicios de soluciones integrales de ingeniería en Colombia, Ecuador y Perú. El caso se apoya en los estándares internacionales aplicables a “acuerdos conjuntos” y en la normativa local de los tres países. Entre los hallazgos se destaca que la definición de quién es responsable de las operaciones (si la responsabilidad es individual o solidaria) determina la manera como se contabilizan las operaciones y los efectos sobre los informes contables. Es un campo poco tratado en la literatura contable, que despeja dudas importantes para los profesionales de empresas que tienen este tipo operaciones.

CROSS-BOUNDARY AIR POLLUTION CONTROL UNDER “ONE COUNTRY, TWO SYSTEMS”: PERSPECTIVES FROM HONG KONG–GUANGDONG COLLABORATION

This study aims to examine how “One Country, Two Systems” has shaped and influenced the collaboration on cross-boundary air pollution control between the governments of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and the Guangdong province. The presence of the Chinese central government significantly fostered the start of this collaboration, but the implementation and collaborative relationship were relatively weak and unsustainable due to the two local governments’ largely different interests, goals and political demands. We found that the emphasis on “One Country” especially after 2003 led to the signature of more joint agreements in comparison with what the emphasis on “Two Systems” did between 1997 and 2003. Joint agreements appear to be necessary conditions for effective collaboration, but too many of them without satisfying implementation could have resulted in less concrete benefits. A balanced stress on “One Country” and “Two Systems” might bring an appropriate number of joint agreements with good implementation for more effective collaboration.

Performance for Accountability: The Case of Joint Agreements in a Federal System

ABSTRACTCan performance management contribute to strengthening accountability in joint agreements in a federal system? A case study approach is used to analyze implementation of the Australian National Education Agreement as a joint agreement between the commonwealth and state governments. Special attention is directed to the Australian government’s Reform Council as both a completely new aspect of intergovernmental relations and the manifest application of performance management as a key component of joint agreements. The study demonstrates that performance management has limited capacity for strengthening accountability in federal agreements, observing a need to examine new approaches that attempt to accommodate new types of performance systems to more effectively improve joint service delivery arrangements and strengthen accountability mechanisms. Given the prevalence of performance management in Western policy administration, there is value in analyzing how, if it is to remain, performance management can be improved. To identify a path forward, Bouckaert and Halligan’s performance management theoretical framework is employed to provide an additional layer of analysis. The central argument post-analysis is that the effective application of performance measurement and management to promote accountability in federal joint agreements will require approaches based on vertical and horizontal cooperation between levels of government.

International construction joint ventures between Singapore and developing countries

PurposeThe purposes of this paper is twofold: first, to assess the risks associated with the international construction joint ventures (ICJVs) between Singapore and developing countries and second, to investigate the risk allocation preferences in these ICJVs.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was conducted and responses were received from 38 firms that had participated in ICJVs with developing countries. A risk criticality (RC) index was adopted to evaluate the criticality of each risk.FindingsThe survey results reported “political instability” as the most critical risk and market-level risks were less critical than country and project-level risks. Additionally, the results showed agreement on the risk ranking between building and infrastructure ICJVs, despite significant differences in the criticalities of five risks. Furthermore, five risks were preferably allocated to host and foreign partners, respectively, while 13 risks could be shared among partners.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, due to the sample size, one should be cautious when interpreting and generalizing the results. Second, the RC index proposed in this study was subjective as it was influenced by the individual experience and risk attitude of the respondents. Also, the RC values were calculated without considering the weights of the respondents. Lastly, the questionnaire survey, which has been widely used in identifying risk allocation preferences, may not identify the insights of practitioners into the risk allocation practices.Practical implicationsThis study provides a clear understanding of the risks associated with forming ICJVs with developing countries and the preferred risk allocation. Although, this study is focused on the risks faced by the Singapore-developing country ICJVs, the identification of the potential risks allows companies from other countries to customize their risk profile and assess the risks before they form ICJVs with developing countries.Originality/valueAs few studies have explored the risk allocation preferences in ICJVs, this study expands the literature and provides practitioners with important information for preparing joint venture contracts or agreements. Thus, this study can contribute to the literature relating to ICJVs.

The mutual constitution of legal environments and practices

Purpose– Institutional theorists treat law and regulations as external factors that is part of the organization’s environment. While institutional theory has been criticized for its inability to recognize the role of agents and to theorize agency, the growing literature on institutional work and institutional entrepreneurship, partially informed by and co-produced with practice theory, advances a more dynamic view of processes of institutionalization. In order to cope with legal and regulatory frameworks, constituting the legal environment of the organization, there are evidence of organizational responses in the form of bargaining, political negotiations, and decoupling of organizational units and processes. The purpose of this paper is to report how legal and regulatory frameworks both shape clinical practices while at the same time they are also informed by the activities and interests of professional communities and commercial clinics.Design/methodology/approach– This paper reports an empirical study of the Swedish-assisted conception industry and is based on a case study methodology including the use of interviews and formal documents and reports issues by governmental agencies.Findings– The empirical material demonstrates how scientists in reproductive medicine and clinicians regard the legal and regulatory framework as what ensures and reinforces the quality of the therapies. At the same time, they actively engage to modify the legal and regulatory framework in the case when they believe it would benefit the patients. The data reported presents one successful case of how PGD/PGS can be used to develop the efficacy of the therapy, and one unsuccessful case of regulatory change in the case of patient interest groups advocating a legalization of commercial gestational surrogacy. In the former case, scientific know-how and medicinal benefits served to “push” the new clinical practice, while in the latter case, the “demand-pull” of patient interest groups fails to get recognition in regulatory and policy-making quarters.Originality/value– The study contributes to the literature on agency in institutional theory (e.g. the emerging literature on institutional work) by emphasizing how legal and regulatory frameworks are in a constant process of being modified and negotiated in the face of novel technoscientific practices and social demands. More specifically, this process include many scientific, technological, economic, political and social relations and resources, making the legal environment of organizations what is the outcome from joint negotiations and agreements across organizational and professional boundaries.

Towards supply chain coordination and productivity in a three echelon supply chain

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to address the issue of supply management coordination among a prominent contact lens company (customer), its carton supplier (first tier), and paperboard supplier (second tier). Adopting concepts within the theory of swift and even flow, the authors integrate the physical (material) and information flow among these supply partners to ensure higher productivity through timely production and distribution of the cartons, which reduced the lead-times and inventory levels at the three companies in this supply chain.Design/methodology/approach– This study uses a longitudinal case study (action research (AR)), which combines qualitative and quantitative analyses. Observations over time, documents such as contracts, joint agreements, meeting agendas and minutes, personal conversations, and in-depth interviews were mainly used, with quantitative measurement of operational performance.Findings– The complete solution to eliminate waste and improve the existing system is provided, as well as the ordering process solution in the form of service level models. The results of the study proved supply management coordination to be a pioneering approach in reducing inventory, reducing the safety stock at the buyer’s facility, improving the forecasts, lowering the product delivery lead-times, and establishing an information system throughout the three tiers of the supply chain.Originality/value– The paper draws upon real-life data from a three echelon supply chain in the manufacturing industry. Combining this triadic focus with action-based research makes it a unique opportunity to reveal insights into the issue of coordination among supply chain members and consequent performance outcomes.

The European Sectoral Social Dialogue: An Uneven Record of Achievement?

While the European intersectoral social dialogue has been, according to the Commission’s own admission, dragging its feet for the last few years on account of a lack of commitment on the part of the private sector employers, the sectoral social dialogue is often presented as a more dynamic and successful venture. A dialogue along sectoral lines has been set in motion by employer and labour organisations from a current total of 43 economic sectors of the European economy (from metalworking through road transport to public services and many others).On the strength of its data base containing more than 730 joint texts produced in the context of the sectoral social dialogue, the ETUI set out to verify this claim concerning the dynamism of this process. The findings are that the sectoral dialogue has indeed continued to spread and that it has produced, in the last few years, a large number of agreements of substance. Yet the picture is not all rosy. While the dynamism of some sectors is impressive, others, by contrast, are languishing in a state of lethargy. What is more, some member states have recently displayed reluctance to transpose social dialogue agreements implemented by means of directive, even though provision to this end is contained in the Treaty. Finally – and this feature may already be the consequence of the foregoing – the sectoral social partners have in recent years produced more ‘joint lobbying texts’ addressed to the European institutions than ‘joint agreements’ concluded, for example, in order to improve working conditions, training facilities, or workplace health and safety provision.

Socio-economics status and adaptations of purse seine fishermen in Bali coastal village, Indonesia

The Bali Strait of Indonesia has been experienced in fish crisis that negatively affected the economic conditions of small scale fishing communities living surrounding the region. This study aimed to analyze the socio-economic conditions of fishermen and their adaptation strategies to address these “crisis”. The study also investigated the existing fishery management policies and has identified the problems in controlling and managing fisheries in the Bali Strait. Primary data were collected from 30 fishermen using structured and semi-structured questionnaires. Secondary data, such as statistical data and reports from previous studies, were used as preliminary information. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis, comparative analysis and qualitative contents analysis. The results of the study showed that the income among fishermen is highly variable. Although fishermen have part-time jobs outside of fisheries during the time of ‘fish crisis’, their incomes decreased approximately 36.43% particularly during the lean season of the year. The results showed that fisheries management did not contribute to the sustainable fishery resource base and benefiting fishermen primarily in these two provinces. The results indicate that the joint agreements between the two provinces of East Java and Bali over the last 33 years did not effectively support to the management of fisheries in Bali Strait. In addition, law enforcement against violations is perceived as one of the main factor for poor fisheries management in Bali Strait.

Borging van de financiering van zorg voor kwetsbare ouderen in het Nationaal Programma Ouderenzorg: knelpunten en oplossingsrichtingen

Projects within the Dutch National Program for Elderly Care (NPO) have been experimenting since 2008 to increase coherence in care for the frail elderly. Invest-NPO explored the problems and solutions to secure the financing of these innovative projects. Problems were expected with coordination because there was not yet a structural reimbursement for such an activity for the frail elderly. There where doubts about the adequacy of reimbursement for multidisciplinary consultation and certain structural conditions. The existing fragmentation across multiple domains and reimbursement rules made it difficult to achieve an integrated approach and creativeness in care. The principles of bundled payment can be helpful in problems concerning multidisciplinary consultation, structural conditions and coordination because joint agreements are needed. According to many, capitation is even a better solution if properly applied, because there are fewer boundaries in deciding how care is organized. Initiatives from entrepreneurs may represent first steps in the right direction. The findings of Invest-NPO may contribute to the development of further steps.

Promoting integrative bargaining: mental contrasting with implementation intentions

PurposeThe present experiment aimed to test the impact of a self‐regulatory strategy of goal pursuit – called mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) – on an integrative bargaining task.Design/methodology/approachParticipants were randomly assigned to dyads and negotiated over the sale of a car. Before negotiating, participants were prompted to engage in MCII, or one or the other of its two component strategies: to contrast mentally achieving success in the integrative bargaining task with the reality standing in the way of this success (MC), to form implementation intentions on how to bargain (i.e. if‐then plans) (II), or both to contrast mentally and form implementation intentions (MCII).FindingsThe strategy of mental contrasting with implementation intentions led dyads to reach the largest joint agreements, compared to dyads that only used mental contrasting or if‐then plans. Moreover, participants who mentally contrasted formed more cooperative implementation intentions than participants who did not mentally contrast, mediating the effect of condition on joint gain.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings suggest that the self‐regulatory strategy of mental contrasting with implementation intentions (MCII) leads to higher joint gain, and that this effect is mediated by mental contrasting's promotion of cooperative planning. More research should be done to understand the specific negotiation behaviors engendered by MCII, as well as its applicability to other negotiation scenarios.Originality/valueThese findings have implications for both self‐regulation and negotiation research. The result that MCII fosters integrative solutions reflects its potential to help people form cooperative plans and reach high joint‐value agreements in integrative scenarios. For negotiation research, the paper identifies an effective self‐regulatory strategy for producing high‐quality agreements.

Partner management – managing service partnerships in the supply chain – a systemic perspective

PurposeThe purpose of the research is to shed light on the question of how elements of a partnership system interact to provide a basis for an enhanced performance management framework.Design/methodology/approachA structured literature review is followed by a longitudinal case study (action research), which combines qualitative and quantitative analyses. Observations over time, documents such as contracts, joint agreements, meeting agendas and minutes, personal conversations and in‐depth interviews were mainly used, with quantitative measurement of operational and relational performance. For an in‐depth analysis of interdependencies, a systemic perspective based on an interaction analysis of relevant elements of the partner management system was adopted.FindingsThe paper draws upon real‐life data from service partnerships in the automotive industry. Combining a longitudinal multi‐dyadic approach with action‐based research makes it a unique opportunity to reveal insights into the development of performance‐based partnerships. The paper illustrates enablers, limitations, and conflicting circumstances in partnering highlighting the role of incentives and derives propositions for a comprehensive framework for a performance‐oriented partner management.Research limitations/implicationsOwing to the limited number of case studies, this research is considered mainly exploratory. The presented case study is an essentially illustrative example of the implementation and development of performance‐oriented partnerships. The insights provide a better and deeper understanding of the dynamics of forming partnerships in reality, especially limitations and pertinent expectations regarding performance management in partnerships. There remains a need for further research for success‐related dimensions and antecedents of partnering concepts in a general industry approach.Originality/valueThe paper draws upon real‐life data from service partnerships in the automotive industry. Combining a longitudinal multi‐dyadic approach with action‐based research makes it a unique opportunity to reveal insights into the development of performance‐based partnerships. The paper illustrates enablers, limitations, and conflicting circumstances in partnering highlighting the role of incentives and derives propositions for a comprehensive framework for a performance‐oriented partner management.

Academic‐Service Partnerships, Research, and the South African Dental Academic

In South Africa, academic dentistry is managed through joint agreements between the South African Department of Health (DoH) and each university, in a type of academic-service partnership. For this study, dental faculty members were surveyed to ascertain staff attitudes towards academic research in dental schools and to find out whether the joint arrangement impinges upon research activities. A survey was distributed to 200 members of the South African division of the International Association for Dental Research (SA IADR) and the academic staff of the four South African dental schools. One hundred and five responses were obtained for a response rate of 53 percent; most of the respondents were lecturers (26 percent), specialists (17 percent), heads of department (17 percent), or senior lecturers (13 percent). The majority were employed by the DoH (77 percent) and were members of the SA IADR (51 percent). Most reported feeling that research is an important issue in their school (83 percent) and perceived general research output had declined (59 percent). While 79 percent said they were concerned about the decline, many (71 percent) felt there was little they could do about it. The respondents mentioned the following as reasons for the decline: lackluster approach of DoH structures, weak university support, poor research equipment and facilities, inadequate funding, emphasis on service delivery, undergraduate teaching loads, onerous working conditions, and lack of vision, leadership, and governance by senior management. Faculty members' twin obligations of service delivery (required by the DoH) and teaching (required by their institutions) have severely impacted South African academic dental research.