Viscoplastic Research Articles

Low-Velocity Impact Behaviors of B4C/SiC Hybrid Ceramic Reinforced Al6061 Based Composites: An Experimental and Numerical Study

This study studied the low-velocity impact behavior of silicon carbide (SiC), boron carbide (B4C), and hybrid B4C/SiC reinforced aluminum 6061 alloy (Al 6061) matrix composites experimentally and numerically. The effect of hybridization, reinforcement volume fraction, and reinforcement type on low-velocity impact was investigated. 16 different metal-matrix composite materials were manufactured for the study, including 9 hybrid samples, 6 non-hybrid samples for each reinforcing ceramic particle, and 1 unreinforced sample. The powder metallurgy - hot press method was used in experimental production and then low-velocity impact tests were carried out. Numerical study was carried out using the non-linear finite element method (FEM). A Python algorithm running on ABAQUS/Explicit was utilized to determine ceramic particle distribution based on volume fraction, hybridization ratio, and random particle arrangement. The Johnson-Cook Plasticity Model was used for the non-linear relationship between stress and strain in the Al 6061 metal-matrix during impact. The results were interpreted with the contact force-time, contact force-displacement, and energy-time data obtained from low-velocity impact tests. In addition, the amount of collapse that occurred during the impact was measured and compared, and finally, SEM/EDX analysis was performed for the microstructure characterizations of the composite sample. Impact tests revealed that the collapse of composite samples ranged from 3.06mm to 3.58mm, with the unreinforced S6 sample collapsing 4.18mm, indicating that increased reinforcement elements reduce ductility, while a lower B4C ratio or higher SiC ratio in hybrid composites leads to greater collapse. Keeping the hybridization rate constant while increasing the reinforcement ratio leads to an increase in contact force and a decrease in contact time. Hybrid composites exhibited higher stiffness as SiC content increased, while B4C reinforced non-hybrid composites showed more significant stiffness. There is good agreement between the numerical and experimental results. Non-hybrid samples have a better match between numerical predictions and experimental results than hybrid samples.

A thermodynamically‐based fractional model combined viscoelastic‐viscoplastic‐ductile damage with application to fiber‐reinforced polymer composites

AbstractA thermodynamically‐based fractional viscoelastic‐viscoplastic‐damage constitutive model combined with continuous damage mechanics (CDM) theory was established, in order to describe the rate‐dependent nonlinear behavior of fiber‐reinforced polymer composites (FRPCs). The fractional Helmholtz free energy consists of four contributions: viscoelastic (VE), viscoplastic (VP), hardening and damage, in which the VE and VP parts are constructed by fractional Zener and Scott‐Blair (SB) element forms respectively. The constitutive equation is obtained through Helmholtz free energy for the fractional Zener model, and plastic flow and hardening evolution law are all derived in the process. The ductile damage, coupled to both VE and VP free energy parts, is introduced through fractional damage energy release rates to model the degradation of material properties. The corresponding strain energy release rate and dissipation contributions are also derived. The fractional implicit time integration algorithms of proposed model are presented. The model is applied to validate tests of FRPCs under various loading conditions. The model validation and comparison are presented by simulating experimental data and existing models in the literature. And the corresponding evolution of dissipated energy is discussed to further valid the characterization ability of the model.Highlights A thermodynamical fractional constitutive model was developed for FRPCs. The Helmholtz free‐energy potential for fractional Zener model is adopted. The physical significance of fractional order parameters is explored. Fractional implicit integration algorithm of proposed model is implemented. The validation and comparison of the model are presented under various loads.

Hydrogen susceptibility of Al 5083 under ultra-high strain rate ballistic loading

Abstract The effect of hydrogen on the ballistic performance of aluminum (Al) 5083H131 was examined both experimentally and numerically in this study. Ballistics tests were conducted at a 30° obliquity in accordance with the ballistic test standard MIL-DTL-46027 K. The strike velocities of projectiles were ranged from 240 m s−1 to 500 m s−1 level in the room temperature. Electrochemical hydrogen charging method was utilized to introduce hydrogen into material. Chemical composition of material was analyzed using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Instant camera pictures were captured using high-speed camera to compare H-uncharged and H-charged specimen ballistics tests. The volume loss in partially penetrated specimens were assessed using the 3D laser scanning method. Microstructural examinations were conducted utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that with the increased deformation rate, the dominance of the HEDE mechanism over HELP became evident. Furthermore, the experimental findings were corroborated through numerical methods employing finite element analysis (FEM) along with the Johnson–Cook plasticity model and failure criteria. Inverse optimization technique was employed to implement and fine-tune the Johnson–Cook parameters for H-charged conditions. Upon comparing the experimental and numerical outcomes, a high degree of consistency was observed, indicating the effective performance of the model.

Retrieving compressive sea ice strength in the Beaufort Sea using the inverse visco-plastic model

We apply a simplified 2d Visco-Plastic (VP) sea ice model with a spatially variable representation of the sea ice rheological parameters for retrieving maximum compressive sea ice strength from satellite and in situ observations. A set of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) demonstrates feasibility of optimizing rheological parameter of the VP sea ice model through the variational data assimilation approach during the periods of strong sea ice convergence if accurate sea ice observations are available. Following this strategy, the developed variational data assimilation VP model was applied to the sea ice velocity (https://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0116/versions/4), sea ice concentration (https://nsidc.org/data/) and CryoSat-2 sea ice thickness observations collected in the vicinity of three moorings in the Beaufort Sea during periods of intensive sea ice convergence. Ice velocities from moorings and atmospheric wind speed (NCEP-NCAR) were used as well. Our results show that conventional maximum compressive sea ice strength (Hibler, 1979) may depend on sea ice thickness or other parameters partly controlled by the sea ice thickness, which is driven by the seasonal cycle.

Constitutive and impact response of AA7475-T7351 under different projectile shapes and velocities: An experimental and numerical investigation

Through experimental and numerical investigation, this article investigates the constitutive and impact response of the 1.6 mm thick AA7474-T7351 plate under the impact of blunt and hemispherical-nosed projectiles at different velocities. The Johnson-Cook plasticity and failure model parameters were calibrated for the target material using experimental data from the tensile experiments, which took into consideration the effects of plastic strain, strain rate, temperature and stress triaxiality. Further, JC plasticity model parameters were also optimised using a parametric optimisation process. The flow stress of AA7475-T7351 shows positive and negative sensitivity toward loading rate and temperature. It is observed that the ductility of AA7475-T7351 decreases with increases in stress triaxiality, whereas the flow stress increases. Perforation experiments on 1.6 mm thick circular AA7475-T7351 plates were carried out using a single-stage gas gun along with the high-speed Digital Image Correlation (3D-DIC) technique. The blunt nose projectile causes shear failure, whereas hemispherical nose projectile causes combined tension-shear failure; a microscopic study is performed to confirm this phenomenon. Experimental results obtained from DIC were validated using the numerical analysis in the Abaqus/Explicit platform in terms of transient out-of-plane deformation of the target plate. The quantitative error between experimental and numerical analysis was evaluated using the Russell error technique. Numerical analysis revealed that constitutive relations could predict the physical fracture mechanisms during perforation qualitatively as well as quantitatively.

Bridging the gap between rate-dependent plasticity and stress wave dynamics: Calibrating a constitutive model for high-strength steel by inverse optimization

We present an approach for quantifying the flow stress of metals under dynamic loads, based on experiments that involve distinct but related physical phenomena. In modified Taylor tests, a stress-wave generated velocity–time signal is measured, which indirectly provides information on the plastic deformation behavior of the tested material at high strain rate. The Johnson–Cook plasticity model is calibrated for a high-strength steel on the basis of such measurements in combination with quasi-static and dynamic tensile test data. The plasticity model parameters are found with differential evolution through the inverse optimization of material test simulations. A consistent set of model parameters is identified that reproduces measurements from all types of tests. The obtained plasticity model features a small initial yield stress, which is compensated by large strain hardening so as to produce a realistic engineering yield stress. An independent calibration method is employed, by regression of the model on quasi-static and dynamic tensile test results, that confirms the validity of the plasticity model parameter values.

Verification of time-temperature superposition principle for viscoplastic strains of asphalt mixtures obtained from creep-recovery tests in the low-strain regime

The creep compliances, total, and viscoplastic (VP) strains of various asphalt mixtures were determined from creep-recovery tests at different temperatures to construct their master curves. In order to ensure the reliability of the obtained results, the agreement between quantities in the time and frequency domain as well as sources of bias in testing were investigated. A viscoelastic and a VP model were used to respectively characterise the reversible and irreversible deformation of the materials. The behaviour of the specimens exerted by a constant stress at various temperatures were then predicted using independent values of the viscoelastic and VP reduced times. Owing to the good agreement between prediction and measurement, the time-temperature superposition principle in the VP domain was verified. In general, the shift factors were uncorrelated with each other. However, at elevated temperatures, the gaps between them became unimportant, enabling the extension of viscoelastic shift factors into the VP domain.

Process simulation of laser shock-based disassembly of adhesively bonded composite/metallic structural parts: a numerical upscaling

ABSTRACT In previous works, both experimental and numerical investigations have shown the potential of the laser shock technique for disassembling adhesively bonded composite/metal coupons. This study extends this concept to upscale the method, focusing on the full disassembly of a foreign object damage (FOD) panel designed to replicate an aircraft engine fan blade. Utilizing LS-Dyna explicit FE software, the numerical simulation incorporates various material models: a progressive damage model for the 3D CFRP substrate, Johnson–Cook plasticity model combined with Grüneisen equation of state for the titanium layer, and a cohesive zone model with a bilinear traction separation law for the adhesive layer. Investigating the FOD panel’s inclined geometry, a preliminary analysis examines the impact of inclination angles on shock wave propagation and back face velocity, revealing minimal alterations. Initial simulations are conducted to determine double pulse delay times and evaluate spot location effects. Automation of the multi-step process simulation is achieved through a Python script. After approximately 30 shots, complete disassembly of the FOD strip is achieved, with observed damage primarily limited to matrix cracking in the composite substrate. Numerical findings support the efficacy of the double-shot laser shock method for disassembling adhesively bonded metallic/CFRP components, contingent upon appropriate experimental arrangements.

An investigation to microstructural and texture evolution during the cold rolling of Al0.3CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy

In the present study, Al0.3CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy (HEA) was subjected to thickness reductions through cold rolling process in order to thoroughly investigate the evolution of microstructure and deformation texture. Important aspects of deformed microstructures such as the formation of twinning bundles and shear bands in the specimens were monitored. The evolution of texture during the cold rolling process was measured by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) technique which revealed the formation of Copper type texture at the initial stages of rolling due to slip deformation mechanism. Originated from twinning and followed by shear banding, the texture was subsequently developed toward predominantly Brass type. Microstructural features and texture evolution behavior of the investigated single phase FCC alloy was attributed to its low SFE level. Visco Plastic Self Consistent (VPSC) technique was coupled in the research to simulate the material behavior and to examine the contribution of slip and twinning systems. Benefiting VPSC justifications, the texture transition from Copper type to Brass type was related to lower CRSS value of slip in comparison to twinning at the small strains which was then grows faster at the later stages of rolling facilitating the onset of twinning and providing the texture transition basement.

Study on Formability Improvement of Zr-4 Sheets Based on Texture Optimization

A positioning grid is a key clamping structure for fixing the transverse and axial positions of fuel assemblies in nuclear reactors, and it is generally prepared by the transverse stamping of a Zr-4 sheet. However, the texture formed in the processing process of Zr-4 sheets can affect formability, resulting in cracking in the stamping process. Therefore, the relationship between the formability of Zr-4 sheets and the normal Kearns factor (Fn) of basal texture was studied in this paper. The results showed that the Zr-4 sheet with an Fn equaling 0.720, prepared by an isobaric reduction rolling process, would crack in the stamping process. To avoid the cracking during stamping, the formability improvement of Zr-4 sheets based on texture optimization was discussed. By using the finite element model (FEM) and a visco plastic self-consistent (VPSC) model coupled simulation, the relationship between the initial textures and formabilities of Zr-4 sheet is established. It is found that the hardening exponents (n) decreased with increasing Fns in VPSC simulations. Meanwhile, as the Fn increases, cracks are prone to occur at the bottom corner of the stamped sheet in finite element simulation. Given the results from FEM and VPSC simulations, it is proposed that the Fn should be controlled to be less than 0.7 for preventing cracks in the sheet during stamping. Additionally, a new rolling process named non-isobaric reduction rolling was designed in which the Fn of the Zr-4 sheet is successfully reduced to 0.690. The stamping results indicate that the sheet is free of cracks under an Fn of 0.690. Therefore, texture optimization with the proposed rolling process can improve the formability of Zr-4 sheets, which effectively solves the cracking problem of Zr-4 sheets.

Integrated Crashworthiness Analysis of Electric Vehicle Battery Shells and Chassis: A Finite Element Study with Abaqus

This paper aims to comprehend and predict the mechanical behavior of the genuine Tesla Model-S chassis and the battery module during a crash in Abaqus/Explicit. The parametric method was incorporated with varying impact velocities from 27.7, 55.5, and 100m/s and battery shell thickness from 1mm to 3mm. The asymmetry model was considered for both the chassis and battery pack. Aluminum 6061 and ASI430 SS are assigned to the chassis profile and the battery shells (cells). A Johnson-Cook (JC) plastic and damage failure model has been implemented to simulate realistic crash behavior. Displacement, energy, and force results were captured during the simulation. A battery shell thickness of 3mm showed higher resistance than a 1mm thick shell at 55.5 m/s. The numerical findings reveal the dynamic response in displacement and compression under various loading conditions for both individual profiles. Additionally, the study presents a detailed inspection of each cell module, graphically demonstrating how the individual cells respond to initial positions, crashes, and external deformation (shear) caused by collision energy. The finite element model is validated against previous experimental and numerical studies, successfully simulating crashworthiness. The present study provides significant insights that have the potential to improve the safety and efficiency of battery-operated vehicles through the design and optimization of their structures.

Simulating equal channel angular pressing of commercially pure aluminium using Johnson–Cook model

Optimizing the Equal Channel Angular Pressing (ECAP) process for a new material can be a complex endeavour, given the multiple variables such as Coefficient of Friction (COF), channel angle, temperature, etc. To address the need for a material model that can account for temperature-dependent plastic flow, the present study applies the Johnson-Cook plasticity model for simulating ECAP. The present study reports the effects of varying the channel angle (90°, 120°, 150°) and COF (ranging from 0 to 0.15) at room temperature. The results show that the channel angle plays a significant role in influencing the behaviour of the aluminium, with stress and strain exhibiting an inverse relationship with the channel angle. Additionally, the aluminium material experiences a maximum stress distribution and higher flow stress within the COF range of 0 to 0.15 for a channel angle of 90°, as compared to 120° and 150°. This behaviour can be attributed to the restriction of movement at higher COF values. Notably, a maximum shear stress of 56 MPa was observed when the channel angle was set to 90° with a COF of 0.15. Furthermore, across all simulations involving channel angles of 90°, 120°, and 150°, an increase in COF lead to a decrease in curvature. These simulated results are consistent with existing literature. Thus, the Johnson-Cook plasticity model, with appropriate modifications, serves as a viable approach for studying the ECAP process.

Analysis of Plastic Deformation of Pipes Due to Deflagration to Detonation Transition Using Static Equivalent Pressure

Abstract Explosions of premixed gases with deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) are a risk in the process industry with potentially catastrophic consequences. Robust and simple design methods are required for industrial use. Such a simplified design method based on finite element analysis is proposed to model the dynamic behavior of pipes loaded by gas explosions of premixed gases including DDT. The focus is on so-called long pipes, where the DDT is not affected by reflections at blind flanges. First, it is reviewed how the pressure load of the gas explosion and the resulting material behavior has been modeled in previous publications. The analytical equations are then extended for describing the pressure load as a function of time and location by considering the leading compression wave as it affects the pressure load of the overdriven detonation. The extended analytical equations are parameterized using Chapman-Jouguet conditions and experimental results from publications for both static equivalent pressure and the location of the DDT. To describe the plastic material behavior at high strain rates, the well-known Johnson-Cook plasticity model is used. The material parameters of the model are derived from simple experiments, which are available in an industrial environment. The comparison of a finite element simulation with experimental data shows that the concept of equivalent static pressure can be extended to an finite element analysis, which in the future will allow the sizing of complete pipe systems including tees, bends, and flanges while considering plastic deformation.

Dynamic response optimization of the multistage sandwich structures imperiled to explosive loading

Explosive attacks are increasing day by day in the present era, and the design optimization of protective structures without increasing their weight is mainly a critical task for vehicles. Assessment of the dynamic response of the structures under explosive loading through experimentation is costly, with many restrictions, and highly harmful for both people and the environment. Hence, the present study deals with an explicit numerical investigation of the protective sandwich structures’ blast performance. The influence of the number of stages of honeycomb on the sandwich structures’ blast mitigation capacity was evaluated with the effective utilization of face sheets’ material as their intermediate sheets while maintaining the total volumes as well as masses of the structure's constant. The explosive loads of 1 to 3 kg of trinitrotoluene were used for the stand-off distance of 100 mm. The rate-dependent Johnson-Cook plasticity model was implemented on the designed sandwich models to discover their damage behaviors. The sandwiches’ face deflection, energy absorption, kinetic energy variation, and crushing behaviors were considered to characterize their blast mitigation capacity. The obtained results showed that increasing the number of stages of core in the sandwich structure by using a fraction of the back face sheet materials for intermediate sheets significantly improved their blast performance without increasing their volume occupancies and masses. For the two-stage and three-stage sandwich designs, 50% and 20%, respectively, utilization of their back face material for their intermediate sheet was found to be optimal.

A 3D viscoelastic–viscoplastic behavior of carbon nanotube‐reinforced polymers: Constitutive model and experimental characterization

AbstractDue to the widespread use of carbon nanotube (CNT)‐reinforced polymers in various industries, investigating the dynamic mechanical response of these materials under impact loading is of significant importance. A three‐dimensional viscoelastic (VE)–viscoplastic (VP) constitutive model for CNT/epoxy nanocomposites is developed. A proper rheological model is established using the generalized Maxwell model to represent the VE behavior and propose an exponential function to express the elasto‐VP response. Employing an empirical logarithmic relationship to estimate material properties at different strain rates, the VP behavior is modeled based on the overstress concept. The 3D numerical discretization of the proposed rate‐dependent material model is also carried out to develop a user‐defined material model (UMAT) for the commercial finite element (FE) software of Abaqus. The performed FE simulations based on the proposed rate‐dependent constitutive material can properly capture stress relaxation and hysteresis behaviors of the nanocomposites. Comparing the estimated tensile and shear stress–strain curves through developed material models with experimental measurements, an excellent agreement is observed.Highlights Tensile/shear properties of CNT/epoxy are measured at three strain rates. An empirical constitutive model is proposed for any arbitrary strain rates Viscoplastic behavior is captured based on over‐stress concept A 3D incremental form of a viscoelastic–viscoplastic material model is developed.

Hydrocode numerical modeling of projectile impact on moving aluminum targets

This paper deals with the investigation of high velocity normal impacts of a rigid cylindrical projectile on moving aluminum plates. The targets are supported with mixed boundary conditions which permit their rigid body motion in the plane perpendicular to the initial striker’s trajectory with a predetermined initial velocity. A 3D numerical modeling procedure based on the finite difference method is implemented for this problem with the ANSYS AUTODYN hydrocode. The Johnson-Cook plasticity and damage models are used for the aluminum target. The numerical modeling is validated through suitable comparisons with experimental data concerning stationary targets. The effect of striker’s and target’s initial velocities is studied on the projectile’s trajectory and the striker’s energy loss after the full perforation of the target. It is found that the energy loss of the striker’s kinetic energy is higher for relatively higher values of the projectile’s velocity. The striker’s energy loss decreases as the velocity of the target increases. Diagrams of the energy time-histories of the striker-target system are constructed for different initial velocities of the plate and the projectile. It is observed from these diagrams that the internal energy of the plate depends mainly on the plastic work.

Elastoviscoplasticity intensifies the unstable flows through a micro-contraction geometry

This study focuses on the two-dimensional numerical investigation of complex fluid flows through a micro-contraction geometry in the creeping flow regime, specifically examining elastoviscoplastic (EVP) fluids. These fluids exhibit a combination of viscous, elastic, and plastic behaviors. The governing equations, including mass and momentum, are solved using a finite volume method-based discretization technique. Saramito’s constitutive model is utilized to accurately represent the viscous, elastic, and plastic responses of the EVP fluid. The present results demonstrate significant differences in flow dynamics, such as vortex dynamics and transitions between flow regimes (e.g., steady to unsteady), when compared to simple Newtonian and non-Newtonian viscoelastic (VE) or viscoplastic (VP) fluids. This study reveals that when the yield strain (ϵy) exceeds a critical value, approximately ranging from 0.79 to 0.89, the flow transits from a steady to an unsteady state for the EVP fluids. Importantly, the present study shows that EVP fluids exhibit intensified chaotic flow dynamics and increased instability compared to VE and VP fluids under similar flow conditions. However, the presence of shear-thinning behavior in EVP fluids suppresses this instability. The analysis of local velocity fields and flow deformation in this study highlights the impact on the stretching of fluid microstructure and elastic stresses, which ultimately contribute to the origin of this intensified unstable flow condition for EVP fluids. The finding from this study holds significant potential for enhancing heat or mass transfer rates and mixing efficiency in micro-scale systems, where the prevailing steady and laminar flow conditions often hinder these transport processes.

Micromechanical simulation of interfacial fracture behavior using cohesive zone modeling for TRIP steel composite with ceramic particles

ABSTRACT In this work, ceramic particle and metal matrix interfacial delamination in transformation-induced plasticity steel composite reinforced with magnesium partially stabilized zirconia particles is investigated using a parametric modeling approach. The global behavior of the composite is modeled using elastic and Johnson-Cook plasticity models for the ceramic particles and the austenite matrix. Interfacial degradation is implemented through a cohesive zone model with a traction-separation law. Both perfect and damaged models are considered in the global stress-strain curve analysis. In the damaged model, the plastic region is characterized by softening and hardening stages, corresponding to unstable and stable crack propagation, respectively. To comprehensively identify the interfacial evolution, parameters such as normal contact strength, normal separation and stiffness degradation are evaluated along the particle/matrix interface. From a statistical perspective, the mechanical behavior of the system is analyzed through the kernel distribution plots for both the particles and the matrix. As the strain level increases, right- and left-skewed distributions are observed in the particles and matrix, respectively, particularly under high-strain conditions. Consequently, in the plastic hardening region, the median value exceeds the mean value, indicating that relying solely on the average stress value results in an underestimation during significant delamination.

Deformation behavior of super-austenitic stainless steel sandwich panels subjected to air blast and underwater explosion

Super-austenitic stainless steel is a class of high alloy steels with enhanced toughness, outstanding strength, and corrosion resistance. In this article, the structural integrity of super-austenitic stainless steel square sandwich panels subjected to surface and underwater explosions is investigated through numerical simulations, and the results are validated with experiments. Abaqus Explicit Solver is used to predict the face deformation and core crushing failure modes of the sandwich panels. Simulations are performed for three levels of impulse load by varying the explosive quantity. The fluid-structure interaction is established by CONWEP and UNDEX algorithms for air blasts and underwater explosions respectively. The dynamic deformation behavior of the sandwich panel is modeled using the Johnson-Cook (JC) plasticity model incorporating strain rate and temperature effects. Good agreement is witnessed between the numerical predictions and experimental observations. An increment in deformation of the face sheet, cell wall buckling, and core compaction is observed with the increase in the impulse. From a series of air and underwater explosion simulations, the advantage of using sandwich structures for blast mitigation is demonstrated. In addition, the significance of numerical simulations to limit experiments and predict the deformation of the sandwich panels is presented.

Simultaneous evaluation of rutting-stripping performance and cracking resistance for asphalt mixtures

In this study, the influence of volumetric properties on viscoplastic (VP) deformation, stripping, and cracking performance of asphalt mixtures and the corresponding correlations between these three performance indices were comparatively investigated based on the Hamburg Wheel Tracking Test (HWTT) and Overlay Test (OT) results. A total of 20 different types of asphalt mixtures were comparatively evaluated and divided into two groups, namely: one group for the asphalt mixtures with stripping and another group for the asphalt mixtures without stripping. It was observed that the aggregate gradations of asphalt mixtures prone to stripping were mostly fine graded, and that, the effect of aggregate gradation was more pronounced than that of the asphalt binder content. Additionally, even though the average OT peak loads for all the asphalt mixtures were similar, the numbers of OT load cycles to failure for the fine-graded asphalt mixtures were over twice higher than those with coarse aggregate gradations. Also, whilst the VP deformation and cracking of the asphalt mixtures with stripping were positively correlated, the response-trends for the non-stripping asphalt mixtures were indeterminate. In general, the stripping characteristics were found to be related to the cracking resistance potential, further suggesting that the occurrence of stripping could be largely due to adhesive fracturing between the asphalt binder and the aggregates. Overall, the test results and study findings indicated a potential feasibility to predict and estimate the performance indices (i.e., deformation, rutting, stripping, cracking resistance, etc.) from amongst each other for the asphalt mixtures that are prone to stripping.