John Washington Research Articles

역사, 인종, 젠더와 ‘쌍안경 비전’ - 데이비드 브래들리의 『체니스빌 사건』

David Bradley's The Chaneysville Incident deals with how John Washington, a black male historian, excavates five generations of his family's history and restores the histories of his family and black Americans buried by dominant narratives. This paper first examines the resistance narratives of John's ancestors that he discovers through 'counter-memories' such as Old Jack's storytelling and the records kept by his father and great-grandfather. It then examines how John, frustrated by the limitations of Western historical methodology, uses historical imagination and African notions of death to uncover his father’s suicide as well as the deaths of his great-grandfather and fugitive slaves. Thus it is revealed that employing both oppositional epistemologies leads John to confront the truth of his family history. Furthermore, the paper explores how John's hatred of whites and women begins to unravel as he unearths his family history and begins to move away from fixed ideas about race and gender. Through John's transformation, Bradley suggests a shift in perception that does not favor either of the opposing perspectives, but rather connects the dots between them, as an attitude which American society should seek for in the post-civil rights era when racial tensions still persist.

The US–Mexico Border: Asylum, Fear and Trump

In his impassioned book The Dispossessed, John Washington vividly charts how the United States (and the West in general) has eviscerated asylum protections for the world’s most vulnerable people.

Writing with Pencils in the Antebellum United States: Language, Instrument, Gesture

AbstractThis essay argues that the pencil, which became increasingly available in the United States during the antebellum decades, allowed writers to break from scriptural conventions and explore alternative selves because it afforded them the ability to write quickly, continuously, and on the move. Through readings of the manuscripts of John Washington, Margaret Fuller, and Walt Whitman, this article demonstrates how the pencil facilitated such exploration by configuring language, instrument, and corporeal gesture in ways that suited the modernizing nation. The essay draws its method from a theoretical model known in Germany as the Schreibszene (writing scene), which demonstrates how archival scholars can explore the specific affordances of writing media and the scriptural experiments that may emerge from their use.

Berghaus’s Part of Arabia Petræa and Palestine Map (1839) and the Royal Geographical Society: Misuse or Misunderstanding?

This article presents the story of the map drawn by the German cartographer Heinrich Berghaus and his attempt to illustrate the pioneering route of the American scholar Edward Robinson and his companion Eli Smith through the western Negev desert. Berghaus sent the map to John Washington, the Secretary of the Royal Geographical Society and editor of its journal, to be published with Robinson’s report. The published map, however, added the routes of the French explorer Count Jules de Bertou on the Negev’s eastern side. Through a complex network of actors, this case study reveals the close British-German relations in science and cartography of the nineteenth century.

Cartographic Memories of Slavery and Freedom: Examining John Washington's Map and Mapping of Fredericksburg, Virginia

In 1873, former slave John Washington (1838–1918) wrote his memoir, Memorys of the Past. This account includes a remarkable map that locates Washington's experiences as a slave, his acts of resistance, and the route of his escape from bondage in 1862. Washington's map is both a work of memory and a rare example of a subaltern cartographic practice. The act of mapping his experiences in Fredericksburg, Virginia, challenges the long-dominant memory of the city as the colonial home of founding fathers and the site of a Confederate victory in the Civil War. At the same time, the formal style of this cartographic representation yields clues about the efforts John Washington and other slaves took after the war to achieve the full promise of emancipation through education. Finally, since Washington's memoir and map were published in 2007, the National Park Service and local government officials are remapping this remarkable man's memory as they inscribe narratives of slavery, resistance, and emancipation into Fredericksburg's memorial landscape.

Ethics in Light of Childhood

Ethics in Light of Childhood By Wall, John Washington, DC : Georgetown University Press , 2010 ISBN 9781589016927 , 204 pp, £24.25 This book challenges the dominant paradigm that sees children as trainee adults. It suggests that throughout history the serious questions about what it means to be a human being have been considered from the perspective of the adult. Children have generally been the most marginalised of all groupings. Instead, Wall asks us to reverse our thinking and adopt an entirely new approach, one that places childhood at the centre of our consideration of moral and ethical issues. He cites some very impressive antecedents for this, including Plato, Calvin and Kant, all of whom at some time adopted a child centred critique of society. Wall proposes a new paradigm, which he calls ‘childism’. The author takes us on a stimulating journey through considerations of history, theory and practice, and frequently relies on the perceptions of children themselves to illustrate the points he wants to make. He does this through the device of recounting children’s stories of their own experience. For example, he quotes a child talking about the strict Chinese rules restricting family size, “But the babies didn’t do anything wrong. Why do they have to lose their first families? I don’t think those rules are fair to babies”. It is rare for an adult to put a moral and ethical case quite so succinctly. It is all too easy for adults to dismiss the thoughts and feelings of children, as being irrational and uninformed, but in my experience children’s behaviour frequently reveals deeply held moral belief systems that the adult world often struggles to live up to. For example, I once witnessed a toddler spend 5 minutes trying to get a teddy bear through the bars of a cot where another child was crying. A nurse had placed the child in the cot as a punishment. The toddler appeared to understand at some very fundamental level, not only how to help his friend, but that there was a moral imperative to do so. Readers of this book will find a refreshing and sometimes challenging sweep through themes including children’s rights, societal issues, love, religion, gender, moral growth and much more. There is a fascinating discussion of the significance of time, and the way in which narration transforms time into reality. I was especially struck by the phrase “narration is how time grows over time into meaning”. One of Wall’s basic premises is that children’s narratives are every bit as valid as those of adults, but that our current adult-centric way of assessing human worth not only dismisses the value of children’s narratives, but even denies children’s narrative capabilities. He expands on these ideas by exploring the role of play in developing the human sense of being. He defines play as “the gift in all persons from birth to death for opening themselves up to more expansive experiences of being and relations”. Play offers the potential of new possibilities. It is important to understand that humans play throughout their life, so children’s play should not be dismissed as an insignificant aspect of childhood; nor should we adopt an approach that says it is only adult play that is worthy of recognition. Rather, because of its universality, we should afford the same recognition to that aspect of children’s lives as we give to all other human behaviours. In Ethics in Light of Childhood, Wall invites the reader to reconsider some of the most fundamental ways of approaching the subject of ethics. His arguments will have appeal well beyond academic circles, as they echo so many of the child-centred principles taken for granted by those who work with children outside the formal education system.

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:Sally, Graham, (ed.) A Man about Town: The Letters of James Graham, Victorian Entrepreneur 1854‐1864Pamela, Jeanne Fulton, (ed.) The Minerva Journal of John Washington Price: A Voyage from Cork, Ireland, to Sydney, New South Wales, 1798‐1800Susan, Lawrence, Dolly's Creek: An Archaeology of a Victorian Goldfields CommunityDon, Garden, Theodore Fink. A Talent for UbiquityJohn, Ritchie, (ed.) Australian Dictionary of Biography. Vol. 15. 1940‐1980. Kem‐PieKay, Saunders and Roger, Daniels, (eds) Alien Justice. Wartime Internment in Australia and North AmericaMark, Johnston, Fighting the Enemy: Australian Soldiers and their Adversaries in World War IIFrank, Bongiorno, The People's Party: Victorian Labor and the Radical TraditionBrian, Costar and Nicholas, Economou, (eds) The Kennett Revolution. Victorian Politics in the 1990sMichael, Thompson, Labor Without Class: The Gentrification of the Labor PartyIan, Hancock, National and Permanent? The Federal Organisation of the Liberal Party of Australia 1944‐1965Ian, Cook, Liberalism in AustraliaJohn, Chesterman and Brian, Galligan, (eds) Defining Australian Citizenship: Selected DocumentsSue, Richardson, (ed.) Reshaping the Labour Market: Regulation, Efficiency and Equality in AustraliaS., Bell, (ed.) The Unemployment Crisis in Australia: Which Way Out?Bain, Attwood and Andrew, Markus, The Struggle for Aboriginal Rights: A Documentary HistoryTony, Coady (ed.) Why Universities MatterJohn, Wiseman, Global Nation? Australia and the Politics of GlobalisationDonald, Denoon, (ed.) with Stewart, Firth; Jocelyn, Linnekin; Malama, Meleisea and Karen, Nero, The Cambridge History of the Pacific IslandersRichard, Price British Society, 1680‐1880: Dynamism, Containment and ChangeKathleen, Wilson, The Sense of the People: Politics, Culture and Imperialism in England, 1715‐1785John, Brewer and Eckhart, Hellmuth, (eds) Rethinking Leviathan: The Eighteenth‐Century State in Britain and GermanyJörn, Rüsen, (ed.) Westliches Geschichtsdenken. Eine interkulturelle DebatteJohn B., Hattendorf, (ed.), with a foreword by Paul Kennedy Naval Strategy and Policy in the Mediterranean. Past, Present and FutureJean‐Claude, Favez,, (eds and trans by John and Beryl Fletcher) The Red Cross and the HolocaustIstván, Deák; Jan T., Gross and Tony, Judt, (eds) The Politics of Retribution in Europe: World War II and its AftermathPeter, Grose, Operation Rollback: America's Secret War Behind the Iron CurtainHira, Sing, (foreword by André Béteille) Colonial Hegemony and Popular Resistance. Princes, Peasants and Paramount PowerMartin, Doornbos and Sudipta, Kaviraj, Dynamics of State Formation, India and Europe Compared. Indo‐Dutch Studies on Development Alternatives, 19Marie‐Claire, Bergère, (Janet Lloyd trans) Sun Yat‐SenSherman, Cochran, (ed.) Inventing Nanjing Road: Commercial Culture in Shanghai, 1900‐1945Frederick C., Teiwes with Warren, Sun, China's Road to Disaster, Mao, Central Politicians, and Provincial Leaders in the Unfolding of the Great Leap Forward 1955‐1959Richard J., Aldrich, Intelligence and the War against Japan: Britain, America and the Politics of Secret ServiceDr Maung, Maung, The 1988 Uprising in Burma. Monograph 49Manoranjan, Mohanty and Partha, Math Mukherji with Olle, Törnquist, (eds) People's Rights: Social Movements and the State in the Third WorldDiane B., Paul, The Politics of Heredity: Essays on Eugenics, Biomedicine and the Nature‐Nurture DebateJoseph, Hamburger, John Stuart Mill on Liberty and ControlApril, Carter and Geoffrey, Stokes, (eds) Liberal Democracy and its Critics: Perspectives in Contemporary Political ThoughtJudith N., Shklar, (ed. by Stanley Hoffmann and Dennis F. Thompson) Redeeming American Political ThoughtJennifer, Platt, A History of Sociological Research Methods in America: 1920‐1960

Book Review: The Minerva Journal of John Washington Price: A Voyage from Cork, Ireland, to Sydney, New South Wales, 1798–1800. Minerva Journal of John Washington Price: A Voyage from Cork, Ireland, to Sydney, New South Wales, 1798–1800

Book Review: The Minerva Journal of John Washington Price: A Voyage from Cork, Ireland, to Sydney, New South Wales, 1798–1800. Minerva Journal of John Washington Price: A Voyage from Cork, Ireland, to Sydney, New South Wales, 1798–1800

Book review: Children and Social Welfare in Europe by K. Pringle, Open University Press, Buckingham, 1998. ISBN 0335197027 (Hbk), �45.00; ISBN 0335197019 (Pbk), �14.99.

Child Abuse ReviewVolume 9, Issue 1 p. 82-83 Book Review Book review: Children and Social Welfare in Europe by K. Pringle, Open University Press, Buckingham, 1998. ISBN 0335197027 (Hbk), £45.00; ISBN 0335197019 (Pbk), £14.99. John Washington, John Washington University of Central LancashireSearch for more papers by this author John Washington, John Washington University of Central LancashireSearch for more papers by this author First published: 20 April 2000 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0852(200001/02)9:1<82::AID-CAR569>3.0.CO;2-5AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume9, Issue1January/February 2000Pages 82-83 RelatedInformation

Syndetic Redemption: Above-Underground Emergence in David Bradley's The Chaneysville Incident

I've got to hide, he told himself. His chest heaved as he waited, crouching in a dark corner of the vestibule. He was tired of running and dodging. Either he had to find a place to hide, or he had to surrender. (Richard Wright) I was in the car a second and in high just too quick. Jim and Slim helped me throw my bags into the car and I saw the sun rising as I approached the Crescent City. (Zora Neale Hurston) Bondin' and mendin', attachin' and blendin', so many solos there is no endin'. (Rakim [E. Griffin]) ... one of the bounties of Black culture is our ability to hear / if we were to throw this away in search of less (just language) we wd be damning ourselves. (ntozake shange) A Path: Hibernation to Emergence Ralph Ellison's Invisible Man begins and ends with the narrator positioned in underground space which can be seen as an expression of modernist understandings of cultural process as a solitary and stationary exercise of mind. narrator of Ellison's text, like his ancestor Fred Daniels in Richard Wright's The Man Who Lived Underground, finds himself alienated from an aboveground reality which reacts to his black body by negating his mind, denying his voice, and limiting his physical movement. Both figures retreat into womb-like, solitary, underground space where their minds swirl, attempting to resist the assumptions of the white supremist, aboveground world.(1) Ellison's Invisible Man charts the territory, but his narrator's theorizing does not allow him to emerge from the hole and forge a viable connection between underground process and aboveground existence, black mind and black body. In this essay I will explore how David Bradley's Chaneysville Incident responds to these problems by creating a narrative structure which I will call the emergence narrative that redefines the patterns of hibernation and excavation described by Robert Stepto and Craig Werner. Demonstrating how the excavation of history can subvert inhibiting philosophical assumptions, Bradley's written text reveals how an oral, communal process can constitute an above-underground mode in which descendants and ancestors achieve living reciprocal relationships. Robert B. Stepto's From Behind the Veil: A Study of Afro-American Narrative posits a kinetic theory of Afro-American narrative which culminates with Ellison's Invisible Man engaged in what Stepto calls a hibernation narrative. Invisible Man's static and secluded position in hibernation reflects the profound difficulties experienced by black intellectuals as they attempt to use their and black communal or tribal literacy (Stepto 167) in the aboveground world. In Playing the Changes: From Afro-Modernism to the Jazz Impulse, Craig Werner refines Stepto's narrative of hibernation by contrasting the Afro-American narrative of excavation (James Baldwin, David Bradley, Gayl Jones, Ralph Ellison, Toni Morrison) with the Faulknerian narrative of repudiation. For Werner, excavation narratives attempt to redeem the complexity of formerly unknown or unacknowledged pasts. failure to acknowledge the complexity of historical experience in Faulkner's narratives of repudiation points to the central importance of the process delineated in Baldwin's Just Above My Head: To be forced to excavate a history is also to repudiate the concept of history, and the vocabulary in which history is written; for the written history is, and must be, merely the vocabulary of power.... Power clears the passage, swiftly: but the paradox, here, is that power, rooted in history, is also the mockery and the repudiation of history. (418) In Chaneysville Incident Bradley draws on West African epistemologies to respond to the problems of power, history, and passage. John Washington struggles to enact ontological and epistemological shifts which enable him to use the ancestors' call in connection with his own present-day process in telling and knowing the familial tale. …

The African American Historian: David Bradley's The Chaneysville Incident

. . . a black person, history is a challenge because a black person is supposed not to have any history except colonial one. We hardly know what happened to our people before time when they met Europeans who decided to give them what they call civilization. For a black person . . . from diaspora . . . it is a . . . challenge to find out exactly what was there before. It is not history sake of history. It is searching one's self, searching one's identity, searching one's origin in order to understand oneself. (Maryse Conde) figure of African American in David Bradley's Chaneysville Incident is almost antithesis of Hayden White delineates in The Burden of History, a person who needs to be liberated from burden of history. African American historian, Bradley would argue, needs to take on and reconfigure burden, but not by having recourse, as White suggests, to developments in Western culture, to literary modernism or even post-modernism. Bradley's historian, John Washington, goes outside Western tradition and taps into residue of African beliefs in African American culture (much as Paule Marshall's Avey Johnson does in Praise song Widow) to create an alternative and heroic history. Washington's powerful narrative of death of his forebear, C.K., and a group of escaped slaves is only made possible by history, and his groundwork as an bears much same relation to his fiction as does Toni Morrison's relation to her research and her fiction Beloved. ground of history and work of make possible fiction fills in gaps, but this effort, African American community, as novel demonstrates, has more than an archival gravity. Historical consciousness, leavened by imagination, allows us all, no matter what our experience and ethnicity, to know where we all stand in present. Hayden White, by contrast, has argued in order us to know where we stand in present historical consciousness must be obliterated, particularly if writer is to examine with proper seriousness those strata of human experience which it is modern art's peculiar purpose to disclose. Using figure of historian to represent extreme example of repressed sensibility in novel, novelists, White claims, have indicted historians either for a failure of sensibility or will, and as a result, the [fictional] historian's claim to be an artist appears to be pathetic when it does not appear merely ludicrous (Burden 31). Historians, both in and out of fiction, White contends, are seen as having no wisdom appropriate to unique conditions of this century, and Western . . . is justifiably convinced record as presently provided offers little help in quest adequate solutions to contemporary problems. White then pushes his analysis one step further, arguing artists have come to believe that 'the imagination' . . . constitutes fundamental barrier to any attempt by men in present to close realistically with their most pressing spiritual problems (Burden 39; emphasis added). White finds these assumptions at work in depictions of figure of in imaginative literature, but writers he alludes to in support of this contention are all male and, with exception of Edward Albee, all European. Using terms like Western man (Burden 41), White is concerned with traditional history and with canonized male writers of fiction. I would like to decenter his analysis of in fiction by looking at an African American writer, David Bradley, and his African American John Washington from Chaneysville Incident. If figure of white throughout this century is to be seen as a symptom of a large cultural failure in West, is figure of an African American to be viewed any less pessimistically? …

Fictionalizing History: David Bradley's The Chaneysville Incident

In his second novel, The Chaneysville Incident (1981), David Bradley has presented a narrative text in which authenticated historical material is so charged with the expressive claims of fiction as symbolic action that the book may today already claim a unique position within Afro-American fiction-a narrative tradition well-known for its concern with history. As Bradley's statements in the short preface to the novel make explicit, he places himself within a collective endeavor for the ten years it took him to conceptualize and finish the book.' Bradley has drawn on archival research (his own and that of others) into family, community, and group history in order to invest the quest for personal and cultural self-definition of the central narrator John Washington with as much historical context as possible. A fictional protagonist who is himself a professor of history in Philadelphia, with family roots in a small town in western Pennsylvania, John in his investigation of the mysterious suicide of his father Moses Washington brings to light the unrecorded history of the rise and consolidation of the local community, where the covert power of Judge Scott (a white lawyer and real estate owner) and the even less apparent influence of John's father were decisive factors, and reveals as part of that local history the very efforts of Moses Washington to research and make coherent the recondite lives and political roles of his own ancestors in and beyond Pennsylvania. In his research John takes over his father's efforts to fill in the biography and political plans of their ancestor C. K. Washington, who was not only instrumental in leading the fugitive slaves of the local legend alluded to in the title to their heroic self-immolation, but who had also fought his own war against the system of slavery, from an anonymous origin as a slave in the old South to his collaboration with William Still and other authentic black and white abolitionists and

The Virginia Washingtons and the Manor of Newton Bomswold

The following document preserved at the London Public Record Office, and which has hitherto been unknown to all writers on the Washington pedigree, reveals the remarkable fact that one of the Virginia Washingtons had actually succeeded jure uxoris to part of a manorial estate in Northamptonshire-the county whence the Washingtons originated-some forty years after the date of the family's settlement in America: [Translation] Final Concord made in the King's Court at Westminster within three weeks of Michaelmas, 9 William III. [1697], before the King's Justices there, between Geoffrey Jefferyes, Esq., plaintiff, and Francis Dade, Gent., and Frances his wife and Washington the younger, Gent., and Mary his wife, deforciants, of the moiety of two messuages, two gardens, two orchards, a hundred and twentysix acres of land, fourteen acres of meadow, and thirteen acres of pasture, with common of pasture for all beasts, in Newton Bromswold and Rushden, Northants.; whereof a plea of covenant was summoned between them in this Court, viz., that the said Francis, Frances, John, and Mary acknowledge the aforesaid lands to be the right of the said Geoffrey, as of their gift, and have remitted and quitclaimed the same to him and his heirs forever. Furthermore, on behalf of the heirs of Frances (Dade) and Mary (Washington), they have warranted him and his heirs in perpetuity against themselves and the heirs of the said Frances and Mary: and, in consideration of this grant and warranty, etc., the said Geoffrey has given them the sum of ?160.1 The identity of the and Mary Washington, named in the above final concord, immediately becomes evident both from the mention of Francis Dade and the reference to Newton Bromswold. For it is well established that Capt. Washington of Stafford County, Virginiathe only son of the emigrant Lawrence Washington (1635-1677) by his second wife Joyce-married in 1693 Mary, the and co-heiress of a Virginia neighbor, Col. Robert Townshend, whose elder daughter, Frances, became the wife of Francis Dade of Stafford County circa 1686.2 Moreover, Col. Robert Townshend's tombstone, which still exists at Albion, formerly in Stafford, now in King George County, states that he himself had espoused Mary, daughter to Mr. Needham Langhorne of Newton Brownshall [i. e. Bromswold], Northamptonsheire. Accordingly, there can be no doubt that the John Washington the younger and Mary, his wife, who in 1697 appeared in the King's Court at Westminster to record a sale of property at Newton Bromswold, were identical with Capt. and Mary (Townshend) Washington of Virginia:3 and such an identification has an added interest from the fact that Capt. is known to have acted as guardian of George Washington's father, Augustine, during the latter's minority. This is, of course, the first intimation we have had that Capt. Washington was ever in England; for, although his half-sister, Mary

Will of John Washington

Will of John Washington

Sir John Washington, Knight, of Thrapston, Co. Northampton

Sir John Washington, Knight, of Thrapston, Co. Northampton

Col. John Washington: Further Details of His Life from the Records of Westmoreland Co., Virginia

Col. John Washington: Further Details of His Life from the Records of Westmoreland Co., Virginia

John Washington on a Trading Voyage in the "East Country": Unpublished Notes on the Washingtons, Popes, Brodhursts, etc.

John Washington on a Trading Voyage in the "East Country": Unpublished Notes on the Washingtons, Popes, Brodhursts, etc.

John Washington of Barbadoes, 1654

John Washington of Barbadoes, 1654

John Washington, of Barbadoes, 1654

John Washington, of Barbadoes, 1654

John Washington, Esq. Capt. R.N. F.R.S., and Ed win Dunkin, Esq., of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, were balloted for, and duly elected Fellows of the Society

John Washington, Esq. Capt. R.N. F.R.S., and Ed win Dunkin, Esq., of the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, were balloted for, and duly elected Fellows of the Society