Job Type Research Articles

Identification of apigenin-4'-glucoside as bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitor by QSAR modeling, molecular docking, DFT, molecular dynamics, and in vitro confirmation studies.

It is well known that antibiotic resistance is a major health hazard. To eradicate antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, it is essential to find a novel antibacterial agent. Hence, in this study, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed using 43 DNA gyrase inhibitors, and 700 natural compounds were screened for their antibacterial properties. Based on molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) studies, the top three leads viz., apigenin-4'-glucoside, 8-deoxygartanin, and cryptodorine were selected and structurally optimized using density functional theory (DFT) studies. The optimized structures were redocked, and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed. Binding energies were calculated by molecular mechanics/Poisson-Boltzmann surface area solvation (MM-PBSA). Based on the above studies, apigenin-4'-glucoside was identified as a potent antibacterial lead. Further in vitro confirmation studies were performed using the plant Lawsonia inermis containing apigenin-4'-glucoside to confirm the antibacterial activity. For QSAR modeling, 2D descriptors were calculated by PaDEL-Descriptors v2.21 software, and the model was developed using the DTClab QSAR tool. Docking was performed using PyRx v0.8 software. ORCA v5.0.1 computational package was used to optimize the structures. The job type used in optimization was equilibrium structure search using the DFT hybrid functional ORCA method B3LYP. The basis set was 6-311G (3df, 3pd) plus four polarization functions for all atoms. Accurate docking was performed for optimized leads using the iGEMDOCK v2.1 tool with a genetic algorithm by 10 solutions each of 80 generations. Molecular dynamic simulations were performed using GROMACS 2020.04 software with CHARMM36 all-atom force field.

In the Aftermath of the Pandemic: A Jobs-to-be-done Perspective on Stationary Retailing

This paper employs the Jobs-to-be-done (JTBD) theory to investigate how the pandemic has changed, for the long term, customer behavior when visiting the city center and which “jobs to be done” (abbreviated: jobs) customers now pursue during their visits. Using a literature review, we identified several direct pandemic-induced changes in customer behavior. To test the long-term nature of these behavioral changes and to explore the JTBD framework, we conducted a qualitative empirical study involving 18 German respondents of different gender and age profiles. We were able to identify several functional, emotional, and social jobs in the context of a city center visit. The last two job types are more important for women. While some of the pandemic-related behavioral changes became permanent, such as increased online shopping, others proved to be temporary. The differences in the customer groups can be employed to improve the city center by highlighting the benefits of product inspection and immediate availability and the hedonically valuable shopping experience.

Digital, Technological and AI Skills for Smart Production Work Environment

This paper analyses the past and anticipated developments in collaborative smart production work environment and points at the required skills to best utilize and flourish in this newly formed work environment. The paper identifies the new work requirements using the job type and its related required technologies and maps the work requirements to the set of skills that may fulfill these requirements. An important notion in this paper is that a shopfloor usually involves several different work environments, each with its unique set of work requirements and associated skills. Thus, tailoring a subset of skills to these set of requirements is the suggested strategy. We use a small example of assembly shopfloor for illustrating the proposed approach. Finally, we propose future research related to this study.

The influence of occupational heat stress on serum inflammatory cytokines among traditional bakery workers in Iran.

Heat exposure exceeding the ISO7243:1989 standard limit can contribute to health problems among employees in a variety of workplaces. Ignoring heat standard requirements in hot working conditions such as bakeries results in physiologic and health problems, as well as an elevated risk of later illnesses. In this analytical case-control study, the serum levels of four inflammatory factors (interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and C-reactive protein) were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. 105 male artisan bakers (in four job classifications in bakeries and staff) were compared based on demographic characteristics and inflammatory factors. The findings of the study showed correlations between serum interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and C-reactive protein levels and thermal exposure in the occupational environment and employment type. Moreover, some differences in serum level of interleukin-1β and job type were observed. Heat overexposure affected the increase of interleukin-1β and C-reactive protein secretion. As a result of years of working in high-temperature conditions, inflammation can lead to subsequent diseases in workers. To protect their health from this occupational hazard, additional safeguards are needed. Our recommendations could also be applied to overly hot work environments that may cause heat stress in workers.

Physical and Psychosocial Correlates of Occupational Physical Injury in the Global Construction Industry: A Scoping Review.

The construction industry is a diverse sector with exposure to multiple psychosocial and environmental workplace hazards that increase the risk of injury. This scoping review aims to consolidate the existing literature on the physical and psychosocial determinants influencing the risk of occupational physical injuries among construction workers globally. A scoping review was conducted using the PRISMA extension checklist guided. Literature searches were performed between June and October 2023 in electronic academic databases. A total of 77 studies were identified, encompassing various geographical regions, including North America (n = 29), Africa (n = 18), Europe (n = 12), Asia (n = 9), the Middle East (n = 5), and Oceania (n = 4). The review identified physical and psychosocial factors in 3 domains influencing occupational physical injuries: workplace physical environment (eg, exposure to physical hazards, availability and utilization of personal protective equipment, company size, and job type), workplace culture (eg, psychosocial stressors, gender-related barriers, migrant and ethnic disparities, educational background), and physical wellbeing, health and aging (eg, age, obesity, sleep quality, marital stats, and physical health status). Notably, workers from social minority groups (eg, women, ethnic and migrant workers) of young (<25 years old) or older ages (45-55 years old) employed in smaller construction companies are vulnerable to increased injury risk and exposure to physical and psychosocial hazards in the workplace. The review emphasizes a global paucity of research examining the implications of physical and psychosocial factors on injury risk within the construction industry. Future research should prioritize investigating the impact of psychosocial hazards on younger and older workers to detect age-related differences in injury rate, treatment access, and work-related health outcomes.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Labor Market in the Finance and Manufacturing Industry

This paper examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the labor market within the finance and manufacturing industries. The primary objective is to identify the new skills required, the emerging types of jobs, and the extent to which these sectors will be affected by AI advancements. By employing the Solow growth model, the study forecasts potential economic outcomes and provides a framework to understand AI's influence on productivity and employment.

Supplemental Material for Personality and 10-Year Personality Development Among Norwegians in Midlife—Do Retirement and Job Type Play a Role?

Supplemental Material for Personality and 10-Year Personality Development Among Norwegians in Midlife—Do Retirement and Job Type Play a Role?

Socio-demographic Factors and Alienation among Workers in a Nigerian University: A Correlational Analysis

This correlational study examined socio-demographic variables and job alienation among workers in the Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike (AE-FUNAI), Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Anchored on equity theory, which assumes that alienation occurs when workers are not treated fairly as they expect, data for the study were generated through a 33-item structured questionnaire administered to two hundred and sixty-three (263) respondents. Eight (8) hypotheses were formulated and tested using the Spearman Rank Order Correlation (Spearman rho). Results show that age, gender, marital status, tenure, staff type, and job type positively predict alienation, whereas education and pay/salary negatively predict alienation. In summary, socio-demographic variables predict job alienation. Importantly, management should consider seriously and prioritise the socio-demographic variables of their workers in its bid to stem job alienation and promote job involvement and other positive job behaviours. For instance, education or training of workers on new skills and technology can make them feel less alienated in their jobs. In all, effective and proactive human resource management is needed in controlling socio-demographic variables to achieve decreased job alienation or increased job involvement.

Factors influencing maternal death in Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam countries: A systematic review.

A maternal mortality ratio is a sensitive indicator when comparing the overall maternal health between countries and its very high figure indicates the failure of maternal healthcare efforts. Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Vietnam-CLMV countries are the low-income countries of the South-East Asia region where their maternal mortality ratios are disproportionately high. This systematic review aimed to summarize all possible factors influencing maternal mortality in CLMV countries. This systematic review applied "The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Checklist (2020)", Three key phrases: "Maternal Mortality and Health Outcome", "Maternal Healthcare Interventions" and "CLMV Countries" were used for the literature search. 75 full-text papers were systematically selected from three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar and Hinari). Two stages of data analysis were descriptive analysis of the general information of the included papers and qualitative analysis of key findings. Poor family income, illiteracy, low education levels, living in poor households, and agricultural and unskilled manual job types of mothers contributed to insufficient antenatal care. Maternal factors like non-marital status and sex-associated work were highly associated with induced abortions while being rural women, ethnic minorities, poor maternal knowledge and attitudes, certain social and cultural beliefs and husbands' influences directly contributed to the limitations of maternal healthcare services. Maternal factors that made more contributions to poor maternal healthcare outcomes included lower quintiles of wealth index, maternal smoking and drinking behaviours, early and elderly age at marriage, over 35 years pregnancies, unfavourable birth history, gender-based violence experiences, multigravida and higher parity. Higher unmet needs and lower demands for maternal healthcare services occurred among women living far from healthcare facilities. Regarding the maternal healthcare workforce, the quality and number of healthcare providers, the development of healthcare infrastructures and human resource management policy appeared to be arguable. Concerning maternal healthcare service use, the provisions of mobile and outreach maternal healthcare services were inconvenient and limited. Low utilization rates were due to several supply-side constraints. The results will advance knowledge about maternal healthcare and mortality and provide a valuable summary to policymakers for developing policies and strategies promoting high-quality maternal healthcare.

The speed of Sars-CoV-2 infection in employees of an academic hospital before vaccine acces

Objective. Study aimed to estimate the speed of SARS-CoV2 infection according to healthcare workers’ jobs at hospital. Methodology. A prospective cohort study was conducted. The ANOVA procedure was used to evaluate the differences among three different hospital job types and the Kaplan-Meier procedure to estimate the median speed of infection. Results. There was difference between the frequency of Sars-CoV-2 infection between women’s cumulative incidence rate of 27.7% compared to that of men at 22.3%, Chi2 = 4.24 DF = 1, p = 0.04. The average age of the three work groups (Clinicians, administrative staff, and maintenance workers) showed also difference (F Snedecor = 19.2 DF = 2, p = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference regarding the speed of SARS-CoV-2 infection according to sex (Log Rank = 0.02 DF = 1, p = 0.89). In addition, there was no difference regarding the speed of infection according to the hospital job performed (Log Rank = 3.74 DF = 2, p = 0.15). Conclusions. Infection tends to be more frequent among women. There is no difference in infection speed among sexes, nor among jobs performed. Infection prevention measures must be reinforced, to avoid contagion and prevent its spread within the hospital.

The Impact of Organizational Culture on Administrative Creativity among Academic and Administrative Leaders: A Field Study at Private Universities in the Capital Municipality of Sana’a

The study aimed to identify the impact of organizational culture on administrative creativity among academic and administrative leaders at private universities in the Capital Municipality of Sana’a. it used the descriptive analytical method to achieve the objectives of the study and test its hypotheses. The field of study included four universities selected from (40) private universities. Considering the small size of the study population, the complete census method was used to select the study sample of (249) academic and administrative leaders. After performing the statistical analysis for (233) valid questionnaires using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v.23), the results of the study revealed that the organizational culture has a positive impact on the administrative creativity. The results also revealed that there is no statistically significant difference in the level of administrative creativity among the academic and administrative leaders at the universities of the study attributed to any of the demographic variables (gender, age, educational level, years of service and job type). Based on the results, the recommends strengthening and disseminating concepts of organizational culture and administrative creativity and directing the organizational norms in universities in order to increase the administrative creativity at universities. It also recommends implementing the study dimensions in general or at the level of each university, as well as making use of the high level of administrative creativity available at universities in order to increase problems solving that hold back the process of performance improvement.

Gender Difference in the Impact of Body Size on Income: An Empirical Study Based on Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) Data

The growth of obesity has reached epidemic levels, becoming one of China’s most severe public health issues, while prejudice against obesity is also on the rise. However, the association between Body Mass Index (BMI) and income remains underexplored in China. This study unveils a positive correlation between income and BMI, highlighting gender disparities. It contributes to existing literature by providing analytical and quantitative insights into the BMI-income relationship by gender. Moreover, it examines how variables such as workplace location, marital status, work experience, job type, and BMI stability affect and diminish the significance of the BMI-income relationship in China.

An Exploratory Study of Compensation Management of International Organizations: Focused on the UNMCK Case

This paper compares the UN organization's employee compensation system to Korean government officials' wages, focusing on fairness perceptions among UN-affiliated employees. It analyzes how the International Management Committee's decisions on the compensation level of the UN Memorial Cemetery in Korea (UNMCK) influence employee expectations. Factors like work valuation, capacity, achievement, and pension payments shape fairness perceptions. The study highlights the importance of considering job types in cross-country pay comparisons and emphasizes assessing expertise in reference group formation. Findings reveal UNMCK employees' remuneration exceeds agreed levels for Korean officials due to recruitment methods, rank determination, and wage increases. Critical insufficiencies in severance pay regulations, provided without individual contributions, are noted. The paper recommends a new, fair, and rational compensation system, emphasizing transparency, accountability, and audit practices within extraterritorial jurisdiction. Further research on international organizations' human resource management, aligned with the Korean government's strategies, is proposed for talent attraction and management. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of a fair UN compensation system, offering implications for international organizations and APEC member economies, emphasizing transparent and accountable compensation systems and effective governance.

Male Educators in Pre-School Education: Recognition or Anxiety?

Introduction. Some parts of the education system, especially the pre-school and primary phases, remain almost exclusively “female” professional niches, and for years this dramatic gender imbalance in the educational workforce worldwide has been considered “natural” and not worthy of research. The situation has begun to change in the last two decades, as more and more researchers internationally have begun to study various aspects of male participation in early childhood education and care. The Russian academic community has been slow to join the debate, and Russian publications on males in Early Childhood Education and Care are next to naught. Materials and Methods. The authors used a diverse pool of primary and secondary information sources, such as official statistics, open source publications (content analysis of the texts of the “Kindergarten Dads” project) and newly collected empirical data (survey of 142 students of the Institute of Pedagogy and Psychology of Education of the Moscow City Pedagogical University (2022 year) and the vision of the Institute’s director, Professor A. I. Savenkov), to explore the following questions: 1) How many male educators work in the pre-school sector and in what capacity? 2) How are male educators represented in public and professional discourses? 3) What strategies have been used to attract more men into the sector and how successful have they been? Results. Despite the limitations of the available statistical data, some general conclusions can be drawn: the proportion of male pre-school educators in Russia has always remained extremely low. A peculiar combination of references to classical masculinity and gender equality in the construction of the image of a male educator. Summarizing the main results of the study, perhaps the most important point to highlight is the complexity and heterogeneity of teacher traineesʼ perceptions of the profession, their future, and male teachers. Discussion and Conclusion. Overall, our statistical analysis suggests that while barriers to more men entering the pre-school teaching profession are still prevalent and continue to create obstacles, they may not be as insurmountable as hypothesised and can be reduced, if not overcome, through targeted educational policies. Our case studies show that to be successful, recruitment and retention strategies need to address a range of common and male-specific barriers. These include changing the social image of pre-school sector as a female domain, improving pay and career prospects for some, if not all, types of jobs in the sector.

Translation, Validation and Reliability Testing of the Subjective Mental Effort Questionnaire (SMEQ) from English into the Malay Language

A self-report tool called the Subjective Mental Effort Questionnaire (SMEQ) was used to evaluate a person’s mental workload function. Mental workload is also a widely used concept in cognitive ergonomics. Currently, assessment tools to measure cognitive ergonomic status have not been developed based on studies in Malaysian population. The study’s objectives were to translate, validate, and test the reliability of the SMEQ Malay version among Melaka-based allied health practitioners. Phases of translation, content validation, face validation, cognitive interviewing, and test-retest of the SMEQ Malay version were all included in the development process. The Malay version of the SMEQ had perfect content validity index (CVI) and Kappa scores for content validation. Face validity and cognitive interviews confirmed that the questionnaires had appropriate grammar, clarity, correct word spelling, accurate sentence structure, appropriate font size, and was a clear instrument structure for the target population. Further validation and reliability testing indicated that the SMEQ Malay version had good test-retest reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.961 and an standard error of measurement (SEM) = 2.725. According to this study, the SMEQ Malay version was proven to be a viable and reliable instrument for evaluating mental workload function in the Malaysian population. Future studies are recommended to compare the SMEQ Malay version among different types of jobs in Malaysia using a larger sample size and investigate complete psychometric testing among various occupations and tasks.

Quantifying Disparities in Air Pollution Exposures across the United States Using Home and Work Addresses.

While human mobility plays a crucial role in determining ambient air pollution exposures and health risks, research to date has assessed risks on the basis of almost solely residential location. Here, we leveraged a database of ∼128-144 million workers in the United States and published ambient PM2.5 data between 2011 and 2018 to explore how incorporating information on both workplace and residential location changes our understanding of disparities in air pollution exposure. In general, we observed higher workplace exposures relative to home exposures, as well as increased exposures for nonwhite and less educated workers relative to the national average. Workplace exposure disparities were higher among racial and ethnic groups and job types than by income, education, age, and sex. Not considering workplace exposures can lead to systematic underestimations in disparities in exposure among these subpopulations. We also quantified the error in assigning workers home instead of a weighted home-and-work exposure. We observed that biases in associations between PM2.5 and health impacts by using home instead of home-and-work exposure were the highest among urban, younger populations.

Association between Sociodemographic Factors and Nutritional Knowledge among Working Mothers in Terengganu

Broadly defined, nutrition knowledge relates to understanding concepts and processes connected to nutrition and health, such as diet and health, diet and disease, main nutrient sources, and dietary guidelines and recommendations. This study aims to determine the association between sociodemographic factors (age, educational level, marital status, salary income, location, type of job, and family members) and nutritional knowledge among working mothers in Terengganu. This cross-sectional study collected sociodemographic information and nutritional knowledge using General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire among 281 working mothers aged 19 to 60 years old. The results show the majority of the participants (70%) had good scores, 23.8% had excellent scores, 6.4% had an average score and 0.4% had poor scores respectively. The prevalence of nutritional knowledge among working mothers in Terengganu was excellent as they were 93.2% scored for high nutritional knowledge, and only 6.8% scored for low nutritional knowledge. Furthermore, there was a significant association between sociodemographic factors (age, educational level, marital status, and salary income) with nutritional knowledge among working mothers in Terengganu. Meanwhile, there was no significant association between sociodemographic factors (location, type of job, and family members) with nutritional knowledge among working mothers in Terengganu. A nutritious diet helps to maintain healthy body weight, promotes favourable pregnancy outcomes, supports normal growth, development, and aging, and minimizes the risk of chronic disease, all of which contribute to overall health and well-being. Therefore, nutritional knowledge should be widely disseminated to Malaysians of all ages.&#x0D;

A knowledge and preventive approach to COVID-19 and vaccination acceptance among Afghan immigrants in Iran

PurposeConsidering the importance of knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) in communities toward COVID-19 and the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in the control of this disease, this study aims to evaluate and compare the KAP level toward COVID-19 and the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccination between the Afghan immigrant population and IraniansDesign/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2021 on Afghan immigrants, Afghan-neighboring Iranians and Afghan nonneighboring Iranians. Of the 885 people who participated in the survey, 295 from each group were randomly selected. Data collection tools were the following questionnaires: KAP toward COVID-19 and acceptance and attitude toward COVID-19 vaccination.FindingsA total of 837 participants were included for data analysis. According to the findings, the KAP score on COVID-19 in Afghan immigrants was lower than the group of Iranians. Compared with Iranians, the score of nonneighboring Iranians was higher than the neighboring Iranians with Afghan immigrants. This difference in the mean scores suggests a statistically significant difference in the three groups (p < 0.0001). Among demographic data, the relationship between gender, education, type of job, income level and age with KAP indicated a significant difference in the total population studied. In the group of Afghan immigrants, the most likely reason for accepting the vaccination was the employer’s recommendation (55.63%). In comparison, the neighboring and nonneighboring Iranian groups with Afghan immigrants stated that they would receive the vaccine as soon as possible (49.22% and 63.22%, respectively).Originality/valueConsidering the low KAP score in the immigrant population in this study, these people are more vulnerable to the health and socioeconomic effects of COVID-19; therefore, the host countries have more challenges and responsibilities to protect these populations.

BRIDGE JOBS AS PATHS TO WORKING LONGER: DO GENDER AND RETIREMENT IDENTITIES MATTER?

Abstract Leaving a full-time career job happens not only by completely exiting the labor force but also by having bridge jobs. When choosing to have bridge jobs, some workers perceive themselves as partially or completely retired while others are not. This study first categorizes bridge jobs into three types: switching occupations, leaving employers, and reducing work hours to part-time. Then, this study uses the Health and Retirement Study to investigate how the self-perceived retirement status in bridge jobs affects the timing of complete withdrawal from the labor force by using two-way fixed-effects event study regression. The results show that a significant proportion of older workers consider themselves partially or completely retired when leaving employers or reducing work hours but do not when switching occupations. The results also show the effects of bridge jobs on the complete withdrawal are different by the self-perceived retirement status and gender. Switching occupations reduces the probability of retirement for male workers who do not consider it as retirement while it increases the probability of retirement for female workers who consider it as retirement. Leaving the employer reduces the probability of retirement for male workers who consider these bride jobs as retirement while it does not for female workers. These findings imply the importance of self-perception of retirement in labor force participation and how it differs by the types of bridge jobs.

Occupational Risk Factors, Job Types, and Physical Activity in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Literature Review

Occupational Risk Factors, Job Types, and Physical Activity in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Literature Review