Job Site Research Articles

PENGARUH KEBERBAKATAN MANAJERIAL TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS ROTASI JABATAN ( STUDI KASUS PADA KANTOR POS DI REGIONAL IV JAKARTA)

Job rotation is another way renew employee motivation. However, job rotation does not always go smoothly. It is possible that the job rotation plan that has been programmed by the company, causes protests from employees who feel that they are already established in their current position. Therefore, such a policy must be based on accurate data and information on individual performance. Another thing, it is important to consider that job rotation should be based on the competence of the employee concerned. They must be prepared in advance at least in the form of orientation at the new job site. It is so important to build a manager's competence, because a bad (incompetent) manager can have a bad impact on the company, and can even bring down the company. Therefore, companies need to pay attention to improving the quality of managers, in order to obtain appropriate competencies as expected by the company. Where one of the ways to develop and improve the competence of managers, is through job rotation. This study aims to analyze the effect of managerial competencies on job rotation at PT Pos Indonesia Regional IV Jakarta. The results showed that the managerial competencies variable had a significant positive effect on job rotation (p = 0.006). The fit model with existing data is based on the Goodness-of Fit Index criteria with the results of the Chi Square evaluation of 1100.906, with a significance level of 0.056 and the value of RMSEA (0.021), GFI (0.783), AGFI (0.762), CMIN / df (1.071), TLI (0.983) and CFI (0.984). Keywords: Managerial Competencies, Job Rotation

Increasing production efficiency through the reduction of transportation activities and time using 4D BIM simulations

PurposeThis paper proposes to apply the lean philosophy principle of minimizing or eliminating non-value adding activities combined with 4D building information modeling (BIM) simulations to reduce transportation waste in construction production processes.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts design science research (DSR) because of its prescriptive character to produce innovative constructions (artifacts) to solve real-world problems. The artifact proposed is a set of constructs for evaluating the utility of 4D BIM simulations for transportation waste reduction. The authors performed two learning cycles using empirical studies in projects A, B and C. The construction process of cast-in-place (CIP) reinforcement concrete (RC) was selected to demonstrate and evaluate 4D BIM's utility. The empirical studies focused on understanding the current transportation waste, collecting actual performance data during job site visits and demonstrating the usage of 4D BIM.FindingsIn the first cycle, 4D BIM successfully allowed users to understand the CIP-RC process's transportation activities, which were modeled. In the second cycle, 4D BIM enabled better decision-making processes concerning the definitions of strategies for placing reusable formworks for CIP concrete walls by planning transportation activities.Practical implicationsIn Cycle 2, three different scenarios were simulated to identify the most suitable formwork assembly planning, and the results were compared to the real situations identified during the job site visits. The scenario chosen demonstrated that the 4D BIM simulation yielded an 18.75% cycle time reduction. In addition, the simulation contributed to a decrease in transportation waste that was previously identified.Originality/valueThe original contribution of this paper is the use of 4D BIM simulation for managing non-value adding activities to reduce transportation waste. The utility of 4D BIM for the reduction of those conflicts considered three constructs: (1) the capacity to improve transportation activity efficiency, (2) the capacity to improve construction production efficiency and (3) the capacity to reduce transportation waste consequences.

Influence of workability parameters and filling time on the quality of SCC filling layers

The self-compacting concrete (SCC) filling layer is a key structural component of the China railway track system type III ballastless track structure. The quality of the filling layer directly affects the durability, comfort and safety of the track system. Based on job site practice in the construction of the Zhengzhou–Fuyang high-speed railway, the distribution characteristics of the dynamic elastic modulus and homogenisation index of the SCC used as the filling layer with different workability parameters (slump flow, T500 and filling time) were obtained by sampling the SCC core from the filling layer. Image analysis software was employed to analyse the size and distribution characteristics of the surface defects statistically. The filling layer quality was evaluated according to the homogenisation index and the surface defect ratio. The results showed that the dynamic elastic modulus of the SCC in the filling layer tended to decrease from the intermediate filling hole to the four outlets. The order of influence of workability parameters on the filling layer quality was found to be T500, slump flow and filling time.

Visilean® application for monitoring and control of pre-fabricated concrete panels

Abstract: Good design and construction planning are essential to ensure the quality of the final product. To do this, it is necessary to develop an integrated organizational system for production and work schedule control, just in time material delivery, job site layout planning and real-time task management. The main objective of this work is to propose a method to improve process flow planning of prefabricated concrete panels based on the software application that uses Visilean® to monitor the movement of the parts in the factory. Visilean® model was useful for the visual verification of project, production and installation processes allowing suggestions for improvements to operational procedures. Research’s contribution is to propose a method for integrated planning that favors scenarios creation to anticipate possible problems that usually occur in both production flow and information flow. In practice, the researchers created a simple interface that allows operators to visualize times, production services and their sequence in real-time. Better visualization of the processes and control has a great impact on the final product’s quality, as well as, timely delivery and improved communication between project, production and construction teams. For future research, the inclusion of the Internet of Things for process automation will be an essential complement to the model.

Green human resource management: how to implement environmental issues into HR practices

The purpose of study is to analyze the spread of practices of GHRM in Ukraine and develop conceptual basis for the implementation of environmental issues into HR practices. The paper focuses on the providing integrated approach to GHRM practices, which should be implemented in all HRM functions. The article contains important theoretical and methodological principles for research of GHRM. The research showed that the GHRM could be seen as a tool for implementing corporate social responsibility programs related to environmental protection. Furthermore, GHRM covers a wide range of practices related to encouraging environment friendly behaviour and innovative environmental initiatives of employees. The analysis has shown that the green issues and development of the green economy are relevant for Ukraine, but the GHRM practices have not become widespread. This has been confirmed by the results of analysing job advertisements in the HRM sphere, posted on the most popular job sites. The article contains directions for increasing awareness of owners, managers, HR specialists on GHRM practices: implementation of relevant courses in universities’ educational programs, certification programs, development of training programs, initiation of round tables and conferences on GHRM issues.

Comparing Digital Library Job Requirements and Digital Library Course Curriculum: An Indian Perspective

The main purpose of the study is to compare the digital library job requirements and the curriculum offered in Indian LIS departments. Data were obtained from two sources: 180 job advertisements obtained through online job sites and course outlines obtained from the websites of 21 universities. The content analysis method was followed in the research for data analysis. The findings indicate that employers demand good communication skills and ability of working on digital library software, handling library management software, knowledge of basic computer skills, programming and markup languages. Job ads also indicate that a bachelors’ and masters’ degree programme in library and information science are the minimum essential requirements for employing digital library professionals. The study also found that there is no separate digital library programme offered whereas digital library course contents are integrated into BLIS & MLIS programmes. The digital library topics such as training students in using library management software, digital library software and content management systems; creating databases using MySql; website designing are offered at both bachelor’s and master’s degree levels. This paper compares what is demanded in the job market and what is offered by LIS departments and found that the curriculum does not fully address the needs of the job market, as certain topics such as troubleshooting and problem solving skills were seen missing from the Indian LIS curricula.

THE EMPIRICAL REVIEW OF CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS ON THE CAUSES OF DELAY IN ROAD CONSTRUCTIONS PROJECTS IN THE GCC COUNTRIES

The aim of this study is to identify the critical success factors on the delays of road constructions in the GCC countries and their effects on project delivery in Arab countries. Towards the achievement of the objectives the study used the empirical literature from all relevant online sources and data based as many as possible. The findings of this study have summarized and shortlisted the success factors in the two categories such as internal and external factors have caused to be influenced to delay of road construction in the Arab regions. However, in the category of internal factors, there are 63 factors shortlisted from seven groups of factors which has revealed to effects on the delay of road constructions especially, the consultant related factors, and the contractor related factors, designed related factors, client-related factors, labor-related factors, material related issues, equipment-related issues respectively. Moreover, external related factors are also considered to summarize especially natural disaster (flood, hurricanes, and cyclone, etc.), conflict, war, global financial crisis, compensation delay to the affected property owner, the price fluctuated, unexpected ground conditions (soil and high-water level), changing of government regulations and laws, delays in obtaining permission from the municipality, loss of time by traffic control and restrictions at the job site, the problem with the inhabitant of community, delays in providing service from utilities (water and electricity’s) and accident during constructions accordingly. The present study also concluded the effects of the above factors which have delay road constructions through increasing of cost and overrun it, taken over time, creating of disputes, going for lawsuits, finally happing of abandon of projects. Thus, the present study has given the following recommendations to overcome of above problems by increasing detailed site investigations, ensure careful monitoring and regular meetings, effective site management, collaborative working, and effective coordination’s, proper and comprehensive planning and scheduling, and ensure full and intensive commitment from all parties accordingly.

Gender discrimination in employment in Moscow

The article presents gender inequality in the sphere of work in Moscow city. The purpose of this work is to determine the acuteness of discrimination men and women in matters of employment, and to understand how the gender aspect is relevant in the Moscow labor market. People from other regions come to the capital to get a job, and therefore the city of Moscow is the center of employment of Russian citizens from all over the country. It is important to monitor how equal are the opportunities for men and women in the capital to find the desired job, what difficulties candidates face in finding and choosing a job with. I provide a legislative framework designed to ensure the equality of all citizens before the law, and show how the principle of equality is implemented in practice. For this I present the results of the author’s survey of HR experts-managers who specialize in studying the labor market and the processes taking place on it, as well as research conducted by the Headhunter, Superjob job sites, the Hays recruitment agency. As a result, it has been determined that in the labor market both men and women experience discrimination, and this is connected with the opinion of the candidates, they define, where can more realize themselves, and what salary should be for them. At the same time, gender inequality loses its sharpness against the background of other problems, and experts predict a growing decrease in the difference between the positions of men and women in the labor market.

Applications of drones for safety inspection in the Gulf Cooperation Council construction

Purposeconstruction industry in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) member countries is at the peak as the region is in the stage of developing its infrastructures. Apart from some positive sign of this boost, several other issues have also been developed in the region. One of such issues is the safety of workers at the construction sites. This article, based on a variety of applications of drones in other industrial sectors, considers the use of drones for construction safety improvement in the GCC countries. This article aimed to investigate the safety-related applications of drones considering technical features and barriers and enablers for safety-related tasks.Design/methodology/approachA mixed research approach using both qualitative and quantitative methods was adopted to achieve the aims and objectives of this research. Data were collected through a systematic literature review, semistructured interviews and using a structured questionnaire. A total of 37 relevant research items and 10 interviews were held with construction safety professionals, and 92 responses collected from the safety managers through a structured questionnaire was used to derive the conclusion of this research. The collected data were processed and analyzed using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) program. Descriptive analyses were carried out in which means and importance factors were calculated.Findings25.92% of participants confirmed that they or their company had used the drone in different activates. The most common application of drones reported by the respondents was photography for marketing purposes followed by surveying application and quality inspections. The camera movability was the top-rated technical feature required for safety-related inspections. Similarly, “Working near the corner or edge of unprotected opening” was the top-rated application of drone for safety-related tasks. The safety concerns of using drones at job sites were rated as the most important barrier by the participants. Technical challenges associated with the use of drones for safety improvement was rated as the second most important barrier by the participants.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough, the research presented in this article is based on the GCC construction industry, however, since the data collected through systematic review and semistructured interviews are not a regional base, therefore the finding of this research could also be useful in other regions. Further research however, needs to be conducted to reduce the implications of the barriers identified in this paper so that the drone can be effectively used for safety improvement in construction not only in the GCC region but also in other countries.Practical implicationsOnce the GCC construction industry will be able to overcome the challenges associated with the application of drones in safety improvement, the safety managers will be able to monitor the site more effectively which could be helpful to improve the safety performance of the construction organization.Social implicationsImproved safety performance in not only in the greater interest of the construction organizations as they can reduce the costs associated with poor safety but can also avoid the delay caused by construction accidents. Similarly, improved safety performance reduces the accidents at construction sites, and thus reduces injuries and disabilities caused by such accidents, making the construction workers a useful part of the society. The application of drones in safety-related tasks is one of the key solutions that can lead us to improved safety performance.Originality/valueAlthough, the use of drone technology has revolutionized a number of industrial sectors due to its variety of applications, the application in construction particularly in the GCC region is still very limited. As noted in the results of this research, only 21 participants (25.92%) expressed that they or their company had used the drone in different activates. This means that the industry is not getting the full advantage of the available drone technology. The results of this research will enable construction industry stakeholders to know the challenges associated with the application of drones for safety improvement and to develop strategies to overcome these challenges.

Challenges of upgrading craft workforce into Construction 4.0: framework and agreements

Craft workforce is the main productive factor in traditional construction. Construction 4.0 visions are based on automation and digitalisation, meaning that human site activities will require/stipulate changes. The extent to which manual tasks done by humans in construction will be replaced is uncertain. This might vary considering the context or type of work. Construction 4.0 includes craft workforce activities, as these can benefit from technology, fostering digital transformation in the short/medium term. The research scope is workforce–innovation–management using data from job sites. A framework is developed based on data future use involving electronic performance monitoring, building information modelling, smart contracts and artificial intelligence. A systematic scoping review is developed to identify legal/ethical issues in connection to technological aspects. The discussion and findings focus on General Data Protection Regulation compliance to apply the proposed framework. Optimised human–machine-controlled environments must be ethically managed by pre-established collective agreements and must rely on each worker’s awareness and consent. The findings suggest that the human aspects if improperly addressed could result in a bottleneck of digital transformation advances. Along with the framework, the paper provides a step-by-step, streamlined review of the regulations and requirements that need to be considered when implementing electronic monitoring of workers.

Inter-rater reliability of an inertial measurement unit sensor-based posture-matching method: A pilot study

Posture quantification is important for analyzing trunk and upper extremity loading and estimating the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This study introduced an inertial measurement unit sensor-based posture-matching (ISPM) method. The ISPM method is the concept that involves observers wearing sensors and simulating postures in photos or videos obtained at job sites to assess the postural risks for the trunk and upper extremity. We tested the inter-rater reliability of the method in 4 novice observers. For the trunk, shoulder/elbow, and wrist joint angle category, weighted kappa scores were 0.89, 0.52, and 0.26, respectively. The results of the ISPM method indicated moderate or high inter-rater reliability for trunk flexion, shoulder flexion/extension, shoulder abduction/adduction, and elbow flexion. The ISPM method was more reliable than conventional observation-based posture assessment tools used for trunk posture analyses. However, the assessment of upper extremity angles indicated that the reliability of ISPM was lower than that of conventional observation-based posture assessment tools. This was a proof-of-concept study conducted using a few samples. Therefore, further testing is necessary to support the findings. Relevance to industryThe ISPM method requires a minimal level of training. It uses conventional video recording and imposes almost no interruptions to the workers’ performance. The ISPM method showed moderate inter-rater reliability for the trunk, shoulder flexion/extension, shoulder abduction/adduction, and elbow flexion during the joint angle analysis.

A critical analysis of safety performance indicators in construction

PurposeSafety performance indicators are a major research concern globally in the construction sector, so this study aims to systematically analyse construction safety performance indicators from some top research publications from 2000 to 2019.Design/methodology/approachSystematic review was performed using Scopus search engine and relevant publications were compiled. Visual and far reaching search in all publications were performed. Final analysis was done to evaluate selected attributes.FindingsThe outcome of the analysis showed growing interest in research on construction safety performance indicators since 2000. From the review, 48 safety performance indicators are identified from 41 selected publications. The most reported safety performance indicators were safety climate, safety orientation, management commitment to safety, near-miss and job site audits. It was noted further that USA, Australia, Canada and China have been international locations of attention for most research on construction safety performance indicators. The 48 safety indicators are classified into six categories, namely people indicators, culture indicators, processes indicators, infrastructure indicators, metrics indicators and technology indicatorsPractical implicationsThe findings identified provide researchers and practitioners a summary of the safety indicators in the construction sector through a vision to streamline future applications and increase the safety performance in the construction sector.Originality/valueA safety performance indicators' list has been established for the adoption of future empirical research. The findings will make a significant contribution to current but limited knowledge on safety performance indicators in construction industry.

Causal Relationship Analysis of the Factors Lowering Productivity in Construction Job Site

Causal Relationship Analysis of the Factors Lowering Productivity in Construction Job Site

Suspension Trauma

Fall harnesses have become much more prevalent for those that work at heights. Safety harnesses and fall arrest systems are commonly used by the construction industry, mountain climbers and other recreational activities where fall risks are a concern. Through the efforts of occupational health and safety legislation, job site safety programming and workplace harm reduction culture, there is a growing understanding of how and when to don these safety devices and the potential perils associated with their use. However, there is a paucity of information within the healthcare community in how to clinically manage a patient who has suffered a pattern of injury that can arise from these devices - known as suspension trauma. This condition may also be termed as harness-induced pathology, orthostatic shock while suspended and harness hang syndrome. This article helps to increase awareness and understanding of what suspension trauma is and how to pragmatically manage this condition from both a prehospital and emergency department perspective.

Religiously oriented mindfulness for social workers: effects on mindfulness, heart rate variability, and personal burnout

ABSTRACT This pilot study explored whether a Moving Pictures Experts Group-3 (MP3) delivery of a Religiously Oriented Mindfulness (ROM) intervention would improve mindfulness, increase cardiac vagal tone, and decrease Personal Burnout for a sample of social workers. To examine the efficacy of such a ROM, pre and posttest data were collected from N = 22 social workers in vivo (at job or university sites) using the Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS), Heart Rate Variability (HRV), and the Personal Burn-out dimension of the Copenhagen Burnout Scale. Paired-sample t-tests revealed significant differences between pre-and-posttest measures, indicating improvements on all measures with medium to large effect sizes for the MAAS, and HRV, and a smaller effect size for the decrease in Personal Burnout at posttest. ROM is effective in improving mindfulness, increasing HRV, and decreasing Personal Burnout in social workers. The religious nature of this mindfulness intervention, as well as the in vivo nature of this study design is novel in mindfulness studies. The results of this pilot study warrant further exploration of how a religious integration of practices in mindfulness can be effective in improving mindfulness, and self-regulatory function, and preventing burnout in social workers.

SUSTAINABILITY OF OFF-SITE CONSTRUCTION: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW AND VISUALIZED ANALYSIS OF TRENDING TOPICS AND THEMES

ABSTRACTOff-site construction (OSC) involves the fabrication and assembly of building components in a purpose-built factory which are then transported to the job site for final installation. OSC has proven to be a greener construction approach, spurring research towards benchmarking the sustainable attributes of the technique. However, a quantitative statistical analysis of studies on OSC sustainability and a framework of the knowledge domain are not well-established. Drawing on 642 bibliographic records from Scopus, this paper conducted a bibliometric and visualized analysis of research on the sustainability of OSC from 1971 to 2019. The findings show that research publications on OSC sustainability only witnessed steady growth since 2000. A geospatial analysis revealed that at least 32% of countries are involved in the OSC sustainability research, of which the United States, China, Australia, the United Kingdom, and Canada make the greatest contributions. The hot topics in the contemporary OSC sustainability research were identified as embodied carbon, embodied energy, construction waste, post-occupancy evaluation, resources conservation, and recycling, and cost savings. The paper identified areas that require further research. Thus, the paper offers an all-embracing understanding of the core research themes, trends, and patterns on OSC sustainability to stakeholders.

A SCHEMA FOR IMPROVING CONSTRUCTION SAFETY WITH UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

This article aims to outline how to deploy unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for on sites use in South African construction. The use of UAVs is gaining traction in the construction industry, where cyber-physical systems are promoting digital-to physical transformation. Among others, UAVs help assures the safety of people in construction. For instance, they are controlled remotely while moving faster than humans into inaccessible, hard-to-reach, and unsafe areas of job sites. They can be equipped with various types of sensors to transfer valuable data to safety managers and assist with onsite safety monitoring. Based on realised gains and the need to motivate its use, this article uses presents a schema that could help managers deploy UAVs on construction sites for safety performance purposes. The literature-based report utilised the keywords unmanned aerial vehicles and safety in construction to search the relevant database. The findings reveal that the critical hazards on construction sites can be identified using UAVs to allow proactive execution of accident prevention methods. Given that the captured visual images and video clips provide site management with a bird's eye view of a site, corrective measures can be implemented through 'walkabout' and instant instructions. The virtual images and video clips also help to identify hazards and risks that may cause accidents on construction sites. There is significant scope for using UAVs to improve construction safety when appropriate guidelines are implemented.

MBA Graduates’ Perception on Job Search Sources: Evidence from Nepal

This paper explores the graduates’ perception on job search from relevant sources. The study adopts descriptive analysis and has applied purposive sampling technique to collect data from 350 students of different MBA colleges inside the Kathmandu valley. Logit model is used for the inferential analysis of the data. The results show that the most popular recruitment sources used by employers are web sites and the internet job site. Among the respondents, 82% have applied jobs at least one time and about 55% of them use online job portal to apply job. 62% of the respondents are satisfied from the modern method due to the time saving and cost saving but same number (63%) are not satisfied by the services that provide by the job portal. The Binary Logistic regression results indicate that applying job is statistically significant with the sex, training, marital status, faced interview, interview method and company response whereas search job is significantly affected by the sex, interview method, faced interview, company response and job searching. Similarly, marital status, interview method, job categories qualification and job searching have significantly affected the saving time of graduates. The study concludes that due to the improper management of job portal and Recruitment Companies many students are facing problems in job searching process. Hence, academia should focus in soft skills required for the employment market along with their academic excellence whereas adoption of new technology by reducing the traditional technology can improve the recruitment process.

Removal of occluding construction workers in job site image data using U-Net based context encoders

In the field of Architecture, Engineering, Construction, and Facility Management (AEC/FM), job site surveying is critical for tasks such as construction progress monitoring and quality assurance and quality control. Moving obstacles often occlude the sight of view, and sometimes block the view of interest. However, images are often collected for documentation and analysis of the building under construction or operation. The occluding objects, such as the construction workers, compromise the collected image data. On the other hand, the capability of the Context Encoders model took the pioneering step providing the opportunity of image inpainting. This research applies Context Encoders to remove redundant objects in images and inpaints the background context. The original Context Encoders model, a deep learning model, requires a large training dataset for a decent image inpainting. In the model, the region in need of context inpainting is constrained to be a predefined area, fixed in size and position in the image. In this work, we adapted a deep learning architecture, U-Net, for a direct image-to-image translation for context inpainting, and thus relaxing the fixed size and position constraints in the original Context Encoders model. Simultaneously in a single framework, the proposed model not only erases redundant objects but also inpaints the missing content in the pixel scale, based on surrounding semantic clues. Employing the U-Net yields encouraging results for cases in operating buildings and those under construction.

Tracking multiple construction workers through deep learning and the gradient based method with re-matching based on multi-object tracking accuracy

Multiple construction worker tracking is an active research area critical to the planning of the job site. Challenges in multiple construction worker tracking include miss detection and mismatch due to occlusion and identity switches. To the best knowledge of the authors, the mismatch is not reported in the literature of construction for image based single camera multiple worker tracking. As a result, the mismatch should be taken into account through a representative performance index such as the Multi-Object Tracking Accuracy (MOTA). This work aims to improve the performance of the current multiple worker tracking through an approach composed of three stages: detection, matching and re-matching. In the detection stage, the deep learning detector, Mask R-CNN, is utilized. In the matching stage, we attempt to track workers between consecutive image frames through a gradient based method with feature based comparison. Several cost means and matching methods have been experimented for model selection. Trajectories of tracking objects are derived in this stage. The best cost measurements and matching methods are recommended. Trajectories of tracking objects could be interrupted because of miss detection or mismatch. We call those broken trajectories, without matched detections, orphans. In the re-matching stage, we attempt to recover unmatched detections in the current frame with previous orphans based on extracted features. A competitive MOTA of 56.7% was obtained from the proposed approach over MOTA of 55.9% from the state-of-the-art Detect-And-Track model on a human tracking benchmark dataset. On construction job sites, we have tested the approach with 4 testing videos, resulting in a total MOTA of 81.8%, average MOTA per video of 79.0% and standard deviation of 13.0%, while the maximum and minimum MOTAs are 96.0% and 69.0%, respectively. As a result, the proposed work could potentially provide better multiple worker tracking on the construction job site. Additionally, to have a better representation of the tracking errors, this work suggests to utilize the MOTA for multiple construction worker tracking.