Sector Jobs Research Articles

The Use of Wearable Systems for Assessing Work-Related Risks Related to the Musculoskeletal System—A Systematic Review

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are a leading cause of chronic conditions among working-age adults. Preventing these disorders is crucial to reducing their impact, and quantitative analysis through sensors can help identify their causes and guide ergonomic solutions. This systematic review aims to compile research from 2000 to 2023 published in English and sourced from Web of Science, Scopus, or PubMed that examines workers’ movements during tasks using wearable sensor systems that are applicable in workplace settings. The goal is to identify the job sectors that have been studied and highlight tasks lacking ergonomic risk research. A total of 111 papers were selected through a screening process across three databases, assessed using the McMaster risk of bias tool. The studies span various job sectors and report on the use of different technologies for data collection and study population sizes. The review identifies existing research on WRMSD risks utilizing wearable systems in different job sectors, drawing attention to under-researched areas that warrant further study. It serves as a foundation for future research aimed at understanding the causes of WRMSDs and developing solutions supported by wearable technologies to mitigate these risks.

Reconceptualizing the youth and waithood notions: African youth agency and rural livelihoods in artisanal and small-scale mining

This paper seeks to revisit the notion that Africa's youth are caught up in waithood by providing empirical data and critical analysis of the perspectives of youth engaged in artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). Drawing on in-depth qualitative interviews from multiple episodes of research in Ghana, we offer seven (7) key findings to argue that the situation of African youth is far more complex and nuanced than the simple portrayal that they are stuck in waithood – i.e. unable to enter the formal labor market to attain respectful adulthood. Thus, our findings offer three (3) perspectives which reflect better the reality of the African youth, enabling us to reconceptualize waithood experiences: Time-bound waithood or waithood temporality, Survival-hood, and Ensnared waithood. The time-bound waithood or waithood temporality reflects a situation where the youth choose to participate in informal sector activities like ASM as a temporal livelihood strategy or as a transition process while negotiating access to well-paid jobs in the formal sector that offer job security. The survival-hood is where youth assert their individual and collective agency to participate in informal sector jobs (in this case, ASM operations) as a survival mechanism, reflecting different livelihood possibilities and complementarities. The ensnared waithood reflects the situation where some youths are caught up in a web of their socialization process or enculturation which implants in their minds that good jobs are those of formal sector or salaried employment which are primarily based in the urban economy. From these perspectives, we argue that waithood is both a process (i.e. transitional) and an end in itself depending on the situation in which the youth perceive formal labor jobs and the willingness to utilize their agency to create their own work or secure informal sector jobs amidst structural constraints or neoliberal policies inhibiting employment for young people in the formal labor market. Based on our findings, we develop a Youth agency outcome framework(YAOF) which highlights how structural constraints (such as government policies, neoliberal policies, social norms and regulations within an economic sector) serve as an impediment to formal sector employment for tertiary graduates (educated youths). The framework further highlights how structural constraints trigger the utilization of capital assets in determining and influencing youth agency in the exploration and subsequent participation in informal sector jobs like ASM and the associated outcomes – such as financial independence, sustainable income, economic support for family members, marriage, and household formation – for the youths involved in the economic activity. Our findings provide critical implications for youth employment policies, interventions, and programs in Africa.

Agrarian Conflicts After the Establishment of the Land Bank Agency in Indonesia

The establishment of the Land Bank in Indonesia may lead to conflicts of interest and the existence of customary land may be forgotten for reasons of land stateisation. The process of acquiring customary land for reasons of stateisation may affect the legal protection of indigenous peoples' rights. This article examines agrarian conflicts after the establishment of the Land Bank Agency and the legal protection of indigenous peoples' land. This research is examined using the normative juridical method with a statutory approach. The results of the study found that the concept of the Land Bank is in contrast to agrarian reform in terms of land acquisition operations, because land can be obtained through the transfer of land ownership by the state which is intended for investment and infrastructure development. The government needs to improve the land sector Job Creation Law and the legal regulations of the Land Bank, the government must revise the rules related to the Land Bank so that this institution can maintain a balance of land utilisation for various interests fairly. The Land Bank should be a representative of the state to protect vulnerable groups of people, one of which is indigenous peoples. Then the community must be pro-active in applying for a Material Test on articles that have negative potential, especially the regulation of land stateisation in the Job Creation Law and the legal rules regarding the Land Bank in an effort to consolidate guarantees and justifications for land rights over indigenous peoples.

ANALYSIS OF THE POTENTIAL FOR WATERMELON PRODUCTION AND MARKETING IN THE STATE OF GOIÁS FROM 2019 TO 2023

The state of Goiás stands out in agribusiness, especially in fruit production, due to its growing domestic and foreign markets. Among fruits, watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) stands out, being relevant both economically and socially, generating jobs in several sectors. However, this emerging market lacks policies and techniques as developed as those present in sectors such as soybeans and corn, which highlights the underutilization of the potential of watermelon production in the state. This study aims to evaluate innovations, whether public policies or private initiatives, that can improve the production and marketing of watermelon in Goiás. The research seeks to analyze performance indicators and identify actions that promote efficiency and gains for the local community and producers, considering that watermelon is widely consumed in several sectors, standing out for its nutritional and cultural value. The study methodology follows two stages: a review of the literature on fruit production chains and the agricultural market in Goiás, followed by an analysis of data on competitiveness, consumption trends and opportunities in the watermelon production chain. Based on these results, strategies will be proposed to optimize production, increasing the competitiveness of producers and promoting the sustainable development of the sector. The study will also highlight the main weaknesses and strengths of marketing and production, using variables such as production size, demand, and available technologies.

Development and validation of a French job-exposure matrix for healthcare workers: JEM Soignances.

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a job-exposure matrix (JEM) specific to healthcare workers, JEM Soignances, based on self-reported data. The JEM was constructed using data from healthcare workers within the CONSTANCES cohort (N=12 489). Job titles and sectors of activity (eg, hospital activities) defined occupational groups. We assessed 24 exposures covering organizational, psychosocial, physical, chemical and biological factors. Several methods (group-based frequency, CART, random forest, extreme gradient boosting machine) were applied using a 70% training sample. Performance was evaluated on the remaining 30% using area under the ROC curve (AUC) and Cohen's Kappa (κ). Two alternative JEM were proposed using only job titles or adding healthcare establishment size and type (public/private) to define occupational groups. All methods offered similar discriminatory power (AUC). We selected the group-based frequency method as it was the most understandable and easiest to implement. Of the 24 included exposures, 15 demonstrated satisfactory performance, with nine showing good discriminatory power and fair-to-moderate agreement, such as physical effort at work (AUC=0.861, κ=0.556), ionizing radiation exposure (AUC=0.865, κ=0.457), carrying heavy loads (AUC=0.840, κ=0.402), shift work (AUC=0.807, κ=0.383), and formaldehyde exposure (AUC=0.847, κ=0.289). The remaining nine exposures mainly showed poor-to-moderate discriminatory power and poor agreement. Compared to JEM Soignances, the job title-only JEM performed poorly, while the one incorporating healthcare establishment size and type showed similar results. JEM Soignances provides good internal performance and validity. Future research will assess its external validity by comparing it with existing JEM and examining its predictive validity regarding known associations between exposures and health outcomes (eg, long working hours and strokes).

Professional development: a mixed methods study of Masters of Public Health alumni.

We examined the perceptions of the Master of Public Health (MPH) degree graduates regarding their personal competencies, job performance and professional development using a mixed method, explanatory sequential design. A cross-sectional, self-administered questionnaire of the Haifa School of Public Health alumni who graduated between 2005 and 2022 was disseminated to 849 graduates between March and June 2022, from which 127 responded (response rate: 14.90%). This was followed by 24 in-depth interviews with alumni from the same sample (conducted between November 2022 and March 2023). The sample included 74.8% of females with a mean age of 40.7 years, 35% of alumni agreed that the MPH degree helped them attain a promotion in their present position (in rank or salary), and 63.8% felt that the degree helped them improve their job performance and contribute to their current workplace. Most (80.3%) alumni reported not changing jobs after graduation. The interview themes revealed that the MPH contributed to their personal and professional lives, provided them with a holistic view of public health and health systems, and improved their in-depth scientific skills. The main reported barriers to professional development included missing core competencies, low salaries, and a lack of information regarding suitable jobs. Surprisingly, an MPH was not a requirement for some public health sector jobs. Alumni reported that the MPH degree contributed to improving many graduates' careers and satisfaction levels and to build their leadership competencies in public health. There seems to be a lack of coordination between the academic curriculum and the jobs available for alumni, hindering better alumni professional development. Regular discussions, information sharing, and curriculum refinements between MPH program leaders and health sector leaders might help address many of the concerns of MPH degree graduates.

Examining the Prevalence and Effects of Gender-based Violence in Academic Settings: A Systematic Review and Meta-analyses.

Gender-based violence (GBV) in the academic job sector is a critical issue that intersects with broader systemic and structural inequities, but research is limited. To study the prevalence, effects, and prevention measures of interpersonal GBV within the academic job sector, a meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis protocol. Rigorous searches were conducted across the databases PubMed, OVID, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL, using specific keywords related to GBV, workplace, and virtual work environments, identifying papers published between January 2013 and February 2023. Studies were evaluated based on the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes framework. Data from papers were extracted and grouped by reported instances, and prevalence data for interpersonal GBV were reported in university settings, including in-person, hybrid, and virtual environments, and among men, women, and those who identify as 2SLGBTQ+. A random effects meta-analysis of proportions was conducted to evaluate the reported point prevalence rates of interpersonal GBV in academia between 2012 and 2015. Subgroup analyses were performed for university staff only, females only, and males only. Out of the 1,290 records, 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. The types of violence identified include sexual harassment, workplace bullying and online harassment, which affects career advancement, and employee well-being. The meta-analyses, conducted with a 95% confidence interval [CI], identified that 51.4% (95% CI [39.9%, 63.0%]) of university staff members experience GBV, with females, 59.3% [38.1%, 80.5%], experiencing greater rates than males, 44% [28.1%, 44.1%]. The findings underscore the need for institutional interventions to address interpersonal GBV in academic workplaces.

Constraints on Female Labor Force Participation in Qatar: Understanding the Effects of Marriage, Family, and Traditional Values

Abstract This paper examines constraints to female labor force participation in Qatar, a country where state revenue from natural resource rents means any citizen can secure a public sector job should they seek employment. Using data from an original survey and focus groups, we find that although Qataris are generally in support of female labor force participation – both in principle and for their own relatives – concerns remain about the impact of women working for marriage, family, and traditional values. These concerns may be especially salient for younger Qatari men – a constituency particularly impacted by erosion of traditional gender norms at a time when they are establishing their own households. We also find that Qataris with a larger percentage of male children tend to be less supportive of women working outside of the home, suggesting forms of family-level variation in investment in patriarchal values and child rearing practices.

Moderation of Life Style on the Influence of Financial Literacy and Self-Control on the Saving Behavior of Millennial Employees in Denpasar City

This study aims to analyze the influence of financial literacy and self-control on the saving behavior of millennial employees, as well as the moderating role of lifestyle in the relationship. Financial literacy, which includes an individual’s understanding of basic financial concepts and money management, is hypothesized to play an important role in increasing saving behavior. Self-control, an individual’s ability to resist consumer impulses and make wise financial decisions, is also considered a key factor influencing the tendency to save. However, excessive consumption behavior as part of the millennial lifestyle can potentially hinder savings efforts even though they have adequate financial literacy and self-control. In this study, lifestyle is modeled as a moderating variable that can weaken or strengthen the influence of financial literacy and self-control on saving behavior. Data collection was conducted through a survey of millennial employees from various job sectors. Data analysis used the moderated regression method to test the interaction between financial literacy, self-control, and lifestyle in influencing saving behavior. The results showed that financial literacy and self-control had a significant positive effect on saving behavior. However, lifestyle acts as a negative moderator, where a consumptive lifestyle weakens the relationship between financial literacy and self-control with saving behavior. This finding provides practical implications for individuals and companies, especially in raising awareness of the importance of lifestyle control and financial literacy to encourage better saving behavior among millennial employees.

A Comparative Analysis of the Factors Influencing Job Expectations among Unemployed Men and Women in Sri Lanka

In Sri Lanka, persistent gender differences in unemployment rates exist, with women enduring greater rates of unemployment de-spite having a higher average educational attainment than men. Gender differences in job search intensity vary with attitudes to-ward employment or unemployment as attitudes play a significant role in employment decision-making. These differences are intimately linked to people's expectations and mindsets regarding their work, which are strongly influenced by societal and cultural gender roles. This study looks at how job expectations differ between unemployed men and women in Sri Lanka. This study relies on data from the Department of Census and Statistics Sri Lanka Labour Force Survey (2021) and a multinomial logistic model to analyse the total unemployed, male unemployed, and female unemployed separately while taking two dependent variables; job sector expectations and occupational expectations. The study's findings emphasise the pivotal role of gender in sharpening job expectations among the unemployed. Regarding job sector expectations, unemployed women are more inclined towards jobs in the public sector than those in the private sector because of the government's reputation for offering standardized working hours and a work-life balance conducive environment. Furthermore, there are noteworthy differences in occupational expectations as unemployed women are more likely to expect professional and managerial level jobs with the increase in higher education enrolment. This study offers a groundbreaking contribution to the literature by unveiling unique, gender-specific determinants of job expectations among Sri Lanka's unemployed, highlighting the influence of unemployment duration, and employing distinct analytical models to bridge significant theoretical, empirical and methodological gaps. Finally, this study puts forth the broader discourse on gender, unemployment, and labour market dynamics in Sri Lanka, offering gender-specific policy recommendations aimed at bridging the expectation gap between unemployed men and women in Sri Lanka.

Resource rents, ethnic fractionalization and redistributive public sector employment

The resource curse literature often posits that public employment in resource-rich economies tends to be large, driven by motivations beyond public goods provision. One set of theories attributes this phenomenon to (ethnic) clientelism, but lacks robust empirical support. Another set of theories challenges the notion of (ethnic) clientelism, suggesting that the expansion of public sector employment serves as a form of social insurance in the absence administrative tools to redistribute income. This study diverges from the conventional story of an invariably positive association between resource abundance and public sector employment. Instead, I show that the positive correlation between resource abundance and public sector employment only holds when ethnic fractionalization is low. In countries with high levels of ethnic fractionalization, the relationship weakens and can even reverse. This is because an increase in public sector employment tends to dilute public sector wages, diminishing the attractiveness of public sector jobs as clientelist rewards. The empirical analysis supports this claim: when ethnic fractionalization is low, more resource rents correspond to higher public sector employment and lower (or even negative) public sector wage premiums; when ethnic fractionalization is high, the opposite holds: more resource rents correspond to fewer public sector jobs but larger public sector wage premiums.

The Benefits of Reading: A Reflection on Nyerere’s Contributions to Education and Reading Culture

This paper addresses the reading culture during the tenure of Mwalimu Julius Kambarage Nyerere, the first President of the United Republic of Tanzania (URT) from 1961 to 1985. The importance of fostering a reading culture and its consequences for personal and social development is well documented. Various stakeholders have consistently emphasized the need for society to embrace a reading culture for both individual and national betterment. This study was designed to determine the potential academic and lifelong benefits of cultivating a reading culture in society. It was constructed using synthesized information extracted from past and present sources, integrating and analysing that data to generate findings. The study employed a desk research approach, screening secondary data and documents collected from various published sources. Primary data played a secondary role in this research. The objectives of the study were: (1) to determine how reading culture functions as an interlocking system of habits and logistics, (2) to assess the social construction of reading communities, (3) to explore the ideological constructions of reading, and (4) to evaluate the role of reading in healing, serving as an important reference for improving readership culture in academic settings. Findings from the study confirmed the importance and pleasure of reading, as Mwalimu Nyerere once stated: “It is a fact that we must recognize; that in dealing with the modern world, children in Europe have two big advantages over our own children. One is familiarity with mechanical things; the other, and perhaps even more important, is familiarity with books.” - Mwalimu Nyerere, Arusha, 29th November 1965. Documented research, along with individual observations, highlights that many people in Tanzania lack the habit of reading books. The noticeable decline in reading culture is alarming and threatens the development of a well-educated and learning-oriented society, including the quality of the nation's workforce. This research concluded that while the problem of poor reading culture is more pronounced in higher learning institutions and has effects on the job sector, it is attributed to several factors presented in this study. The study recommended that steps to promote reading culture are crucial to preventing the collapse of the nation's workforce. It also suggested that promoting reading in schools and universities is essential, and enhancing the reading culture should be integrated into the curriculum.

Public service motivation, public sector preference and employment of Kenyan medical doctor interns: a cross-sectional and prospective study

BackgroundKenya grapples with a paradox; severe public sector workforce shortages co-exist with rising unemployment among healthcare professionals. Medical schools have increased trainee outputs, but only 45% of newly qualified/registered doctors were absorbed by the public sector during 2015–2018. In such a context, we explore what influences doctors’ career choices at labour market entry, specifically understanding the role of public service motivation (PSM).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional and prospective study of interns and recently graduated doctors to examine PSM, their intention to work in the public sector and their final employment sector and status. We surveyed them on their PSM and job intentions and conducted a prospective follow-up survey of the interns, around one year later, to understand their employment status.FindingsWe recruited 356 baseline participants and followed up 76 out of 129 eligible interns. The overall PSM score was high among all participants (rated 4.50/5.00) irrespective of sector preferences. 48% (171/356) of the participants preferred to work in the public sector immediately after internship, alongside 16% (57/356) preferring direct entry into specialist training—commonly in the public sector. Only 13% (46/356) and 7% (25/365) preferred to work in the private or faith-based sector. Despite the high proportion of interns preferring public sector jobs, only 17% (13/76) were employed in the public sector at follow-up and 13% (10/76) were unemployed, due to lack of job availability.ConclusionHigh PSM scores irrespective of sector preferences suggest that doctors are generally committed to serving the ‘public good’. Many intended to work in the public sector but were unable to due to lack of job opportunities. Policymakers have an opportunity to tackle workforce gaps in the public sector as young doctors continue to express a preference for such work. To do this they should prioritise creating adequate and sustainable job opportunities.

Analyzing the Factors Influencing Green Job Participation and Income Effects Using National Labor Force Data

This study is focused on two main objectives: 1) to analyze the factors that influence the possibility of individuals working in the green job sector in Indonesia, and 2) to analyze the effects of green jobs on individuals’ income. Using data from the National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS), the study employed (1) logistic regression to examine the factors that determine an individual's likelihood of getting a green job, (2) regression analyses based on Heckman selection bias correction to see the effects of green jobs on workers' income. The results show that the characteristics of green jobs in Indonesia are dominated by young and prime-age male workers with low education and experience, with no physical or mental health problems. From the welfare perspective, green workers tend to have higher income levels than those of workers employed in the non-green job sector. This research fills a significant gap, as studies on green jobs in Indonesia—particularly those focusing on wage levels—are scarce. Therefore, it is crucial to develop tailored policy strategies that address green job creation, benefiting both environmental quality and the labor market. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2024-05-03-014 Full Text: PDF

Building a Resilient Society With the Special Economic Zone Concept: A Defense Economic Perspective

This study explores the concept of Special Economic Zones as a strategy for building economic resilience in communities facing contemporary global challenges. Through a systematic literature review, this study analyzes Special Economic Zones’ implementation, contributions, and integration with Defense Economic theory. The study reveals that successful special economic zones are characterized by sector integration, innovation focus, multi-stakeholder involvement, increased productivity, and job creation. Cities adopting this model demonstrate 40% higher economic resilience to external shocks than conventional development approaches. The Special Economic Zone concept contributes to economic resilience through integrated innovation ecosystems, reduction of inequality, strengthening of supply chains, and promotion of green economy transitions. Its integration with Defense Economic theory introduces concepts like functional redundancy and dynamic resilience, enhancing adaptability to market changes and technological advancements. The study also highlights the importance of cybersecurity in maintaining economic resilience in the digital age. While the Special Economic Zone model shows promise in fostering sustainable development and economic resilience, challenges remain, particularly in developing countries, including infrastructure limitations and skills gaps. The research recommends a gradual implementation approach tailored to local contexts, emphasizing digital technology integration and human capital development.

The Job Demands and Accommodation Planning Tool (JDAPT): A Nine-Month Evaluation of Use, Changes in Self-efficacy, Presenteeism, and Absenteeism in Workers with Chronic and Episodic Disabilities.

Enhancing workplace communication and support processes to enable individuals living with disabilities to sustain employment and return to work is a priority for workers, employers, and community stakeholders. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new resource that addresses support challenges, the Job Demands and Accommodation Planning Tool (JDAPT), and assess its use, relevance, and outcomes over a nine-month follow-up period. Workers with physical and mental health/cognitive conditions causing limitations at work were recruited using purposive sampling. Online surveys were administered at baseline (prior to using the JDAPT), and at three and nine months post-baseline. Information was collected on demographics (e.g., age, gender) and work characteristics (e.g., job sector, organization size). Outcomes included assessing JDAPT use and relevance, and changes in self-efficacy, work productivity difficulties, employment concerns, difficulties with job demands, and absenteeism. Baseline participants were 269 workers (66% women; mean age 41years) of whom 188 (69.9%) completed all three waves of data collection. Many workers reported using JDAPT strategies at and outside of work, and held positive perceptions of the tool's usability, relevance, and helpfulness. There were significant improvements (Time 1-2; Time 1-3) in self-efficacy, perceived work productivity, and absenteeism with moderate to large effect sizes in self-efficacy and productivity (0.46 to 0.78). Findings were consistent across gender, age, health condition, and work context variables. The JDAPT can enhance support provision and provide greater transparency and consistency to workplace disability practices, which is critical to creating more inclusive and accessible employment opportunities.

Workplace ethical climate and its relationship with depression, anxiety and stress.

Ethical climate in the workplace has been highlighted to have an important impact on workers' mental health; the evaluation of workplace ethics and its impact on workers' health should be considered an occupational health issue. The present study aims to investigate ethical climate as perceived by workers, and its correlation with mental health outcomes, in particular, symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. A cross-sectional study was performed by administering an online survey, investigating socio-demographic variables, workplace ethics (through the Italian short version of the Corporate Ethical Virtues questionnaire) and mental health outcomes (using the short version of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale). Descriptive analyses, analyses of variance and regression models were performed; P-values were considered significant for values ≤0.05. The sample included 176 workers; the mean age of participants was 46.22 years and 44% were males. The most represented job sector was health care (37%), and 42% of participants had college-level education. Ethical climate was significantly correlated with all mental health outcomes investigated in the study: anxiety (P ≤ 0.001), depression (P ≤ 0.05) and stress (P ≤ 0.05). Results from this study highlighted a significant correlation between workplace ethical climate and depression, anxiety and stress. This study underlines the importance of evaluating and improving ethical climate to prevent the onset of psychological distress in workers. Furthermore, results from this study should be a starting point for future research investigating the role of ethics and mental health in employees' turnover intention and job satisfaction.

What are the digital skills sought by scientific employers in potential candidates?

ABSTRACT The growth in digitalisation has led to an increasing demand for digital skills in various job sectors. In particular, employers in scientific job areas have shown interest in candidates possessing digital competencies. This study aims to analyse the digital skill requirements for candidates in scientific job opportunities. The content analysis is based on a dataset comprising 126,360 scientific job advertisements from Science Careers spanning the period from 2019 to 2023. The findings of this study reveal an upward trend in the demand for digital skills. Furthermore, jobs offering higher salaries are more likely to require digital skills compared to jobs offering lower salaries. Notably, skills such as data analysis, statistics, Python, and R demonstrate increasing demand, while other skills such as data collection show a declining trend. These results significantly contribute to our understanding of the impact of digitalisation on the scientific landscape.

Speech-language pathologists' professional stress level and factors affecting it in the Republic of Serbia.

In the Republic of Serbia, to our knowledge, there has been no research dedicated to the professional stress faced by speech-language pathologists (SLPs). Since speech therapy belongs to the helping professions, SLPs might experience professional stress. To examine the levels of professional stress in SLPs concerning sociodemographic characteristics and terms of the workplace. The research was conducted online, using a questionnaire designed to determine professional stress in speech-language pathologists - Speech-Language Pathologist Stress Inventory. The voluntary sample consisted of 185 employed SLPs from the Republic of Serbia. The stress level was observed concerning marital status, years of working experience, age, educational degree, caseload size, job sector, job setting, type of patients' diagnosis, and type of service which SLPs provide. The results showed that SLPs experience mild to moderate levels of professional stress and that there is a statistically significant difference in the stress level concerning years of working experience, age, job sector, and job setting. Applying Generalized Linear Mixed Model revealed that two-way interaction (Years of working experience * Marital status) and three-way interaction (Age * Job Setting * Type of patients' diagnosis) dominated on the model. Since it is noted that SLPs are experiencing mild to moderate levels of professional stress, it is important to emphasize the need for adaptation of existing work terms as well as to provide additional support to speech therapists in order to improve their mental health.

The Changing Landscape of Employment: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics

Abstract: “The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics is profoundly transforming the employment landscape across various industries. This paper examines the extensive impacts of these technologies on the workforce, highlighting key areas such as the automation of routine tasks, augmentation of human capabilities, creation of new job sectors, necessity for skills shift and reskilling, as well as the resultant job polarization. It delves into the ethical, social, and global implications of these changes, emphasizing the disparity between different socio-economic groups and geographical regions. The paper advocates for proactive, collaborative policy responses from governments, educational institutions, and industry leaders to mitigate adverse effects while enhancing the benefits of technological advancements. Through a comprehensive analysis, this study underscores the critical need for strategic planning and regulation to navigate the challenges and harness the opportunities presented by AI and robotics in the evolving employment landscape