Job Risk Research Articles

COVID-19 Pandemic-Specific PTSD: Risk and Protective Factors Among University Students

This study sought to determine risk and protective factors related to COVID-19 pandemic-specific post-traumatic stress disorder in university students. Students at a United States university (N = 769) completed an online survey during fall 2020 and spring 2021 semesters. Significant risk factors were poor health, prior trauma, poor family functioning, loneliness, poor sleep quality, COVID anxiety, disengaged coping, depressive symptoms, perceived college risk, perceived job risk, COVID fear, negative religious coping, and engaged coping. Significant protective factors were social connection and social support. Findings help inform about the mental health needs of university students during a pandemic and support services to address these needs.

Cross-sectional nationwide study in occupational safety & health: Inspection of job risks context, burn out syndrome and job satisfaction of public health Inspectors in the period of the COVID-19 pandemic in Greece

The aim of this study was to report the occupational hazards (job risks) of Public Health Inspectors (PHIs) in Greece and investigate possible relationships with burnout and job satisfaction. A sample of N = 185 PHIs total number of 606 (response rate 30.5 %), working in public health services departments nationwide. Data collection was performed in the second and third quarters of 2021, via an online survey. The survey included a questionnaire for risk perceptions, presenting risk factors in each risk categories: physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, psychosocial, and organizational, while burnout was measured with Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and job satisfaction with Spector’ s Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS), also developed instrument for measured training quality and needs. A novel theoretical model was proposed, which after the results of the findings of this study indicated that for Greek PHIs psychosocial, ergonomic, and organizational risks were more prevalent compared to other risk categories. Moreover, psychosocial risks were significant predictors of burnout, while organizational risks and emotional exhaustion were linked to job satisfaction. PHIs working in rural areas reported higher perceptions of biological risks and burnout, compared to employees working in urban or semi-urban areas. This study contributes to the limited evidence supporting the link between job risks, burnout and job satisfaction adding new information to occupational health and safety for the field of public health inspection, which could be exploited to advance the quality of Public Health Services provision. Also reported high training needs especially, protection against biological agents such as coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19).

Effect of perceived job risk on organizational conflict in tourism organizations: Examining the roles of employee responsible behavior and employee silence

Job risk and organizational conflict create pervasive dilemmas within the tourism industry that significantly concern managers and practitioners. However, little research has informed the relationship between job risk and organizational conflict. Based on conservation of resources theory, this study adopted a multi-study design and examined the effect of perceived job risk on organizational conflict in the tourism industry in both tourist hotels (Study 1, n = 495) and tourist attractions (Study 2, n = 401). In addition, the roles of employee responsible behavior and employee silence in moderating the effect of job risk on organizational conflict were examined. Study 1 and study 2 results indicate that in the hotel and tourist attractions context perceived job risk is positively related to organizational conflict but neither employee responsible behavior nor employee silence has significant moderating role in the relationship between perceived job risk and organizational conflict. This study provides empirical support for the effect of perceived job risk on organizational conflict, and offers implications on organizational conflict management in hotels and tourist attractions.

The geography of job automation in Ireland: what urban areas are most at risk?

Future automation and artificial intelligence technologies are expected to have a major impact on labour markets. There is a lack of analysis which considers the sub-national geographical implications of automation risk posed to employment. In this paper, we identify the proportion of jobs at risk of automation across all Irish towns, using the occupational methodology of Frey and Osborne (2017) and compare these results with those of the task-based methodology of Nedelkoska and Quintini (2018). The job risk of automation varies significantly across towns, and while there is a substantial difference in the magnitude of risk identified by the occupational and task-based approaches, the correlation between them is approximately 95% in our analysis. The proportion of jobs at high risk (> 70% probability of automation) across towns using the occupational based methodology varies from a high of 58% to a low of 25%. In comparison, the proportion of jobs at high risk using the task-based methodology varies from 26 to 11%. Factors such as education levels, age demographics, urban size, and industry structure are important in explaining job risk across towns. Our results have significant implications for local and regional urban policy development in the Irish case.

A Study on the Differences between Indoor Job and Outside Job on the Factors of Health Disability in Fire Officials

This study aims to examine the regional differences in health disorder factors of fire officials across the country. As a result, the regional differences in job risk factors, risk factors in the field, and risk factors for health disorders were found to be insignificant. In urban areas such as Seoul, Incheon, and Daejeon, the perception of health disorder factors was similar. This is because the risk factors recognized by fire suppression agents, rescue workers, and paramedics are similar. In addition, in the difference of field risk factors, it is judged that the difference of region is insignificant because most urban areas have narrow jurisdiction and high population density, and the accident frequency in narrow areas is relatively high. Finally, the difference in the risk factors of health disorder was found to be insignificant due to the similar risk factors of fire officials' exposure to fire fighting activities due to smoke in the field, harmful gas, lack of sleep, and cerebral cardiovascular diseases caused by job stress.

Assessment of attrition and retention factors in the oncology pharmacy workforce: Results of the oncology pharmacy workforce survey

AbstractIntroductionHospital departments of pharmacy are experiencing significant challenges in the recruitment and retention of trained hematology‐oncology pharmacists. The reasons for these challenges are varied, but one consistent challenge is the growing attrition of clinically‐trained pharmacists from the patient care environment.MethodsAn electronic 21‐item survey was distributed to oncology pharmacists across the United States. The survey assessed work environment, board certification, clinical commitment, and other factors. How those factors might be associated with reported job satisfaction and risk for attrition was examined.ResultsA total of 607 individuals responded to at least one of the survey questions, with the majority representing those actively in clinical practice. The results demonstrate that the oncology pharmacy workforce is a highly trained and capable one, with a high level of satisfaction with their work. That said, over 60% of those who responded indicated that they were either actively seeking or open to alternate employment outside of the patient care environment. The largest contributing factors to attrition risk include untenable work burdens, burnout, lack of work‐life integration, and ineffective leadership, while commitments to clinical work were associated with improved job satisfaction and decreased attrition risk.ConclusionThese results bring to light the current state of satisfaction and attrition risk for the oncology pharmacy workforce nationwide. A significant opportunity exists to improve the experience of these pharmacists, particularly in the patient care environment. Based on these findings, departmental, organizational, and national leadership must pursue more tenable work burdens, better value and recognition measures, and more accurate and meaningful metrics for clinical pharmacists in order to retain this important workforce.

The future of work for young people – early occupational pathways and the risk of automation in Australia

ABSTRACT Automating workplaces that results in a loss of jobs has become a topic of public debate and study but has paid little attention to differential impacts on age groups. This paper applies OECD data on the risk of jobs being automated to Australian longitudinal survey data following 15 years old students over a ten-year period as they enter the job market. Whilst in the early stages of their working lives, these young Australians often worked in jobs projected to be at high risk of automation, they gradually moved into jobs and occupations projected to be less exposed to automation. Young Australians were also less likely to work in jobs at risk of automation than the average Australian. Besides socio-demographic factors, including educational attainment but also domestic wealth, the incidence and kind of computer use at home were associated with working in jobs at a higher or lower risk of automation, as were young workers’ type of employment contract and whether young employees changed employers. Whilst suggestions of large-scale job losses owing to automation may be exaggerated, the socio-economic divide that extends to exposure to at risk occupations ought to be a matter of policy concern.

Workplace Safety in the COVID-19 Era: Examining Factors Impacting Risky Behavior in Frontline Nurses

The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the workplace stressors experienced by healthcare workers. Frontline nurses, particularly, have faced drastic increases in job demands, which have grave safety implications, especially when working on teams in which they do not feel comfortable speaking up about safety concerns. This study investigates the mechanisms through which environmental and psychosocial stressors lead to unsafe and risky behavior in nurses. A three-wave survey assessed experiences of 152 frontline U.S. nurses during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurses who experienced a greater frequency of COVID-19 stressors (e.g., workload, role ambiguity, time pressures) and low psychological safety (i.e., perceived a greater social risk associated with voicing concerns) were more likely to remain silent about safety issues due to job-related constraints or a fear of negatively impacting their reputation, respectively, and in turn, were more likely to bypass safety policies and procedures to get work done (i.e., commit safety workarounds). Further, job risk and risk propensity were examined as moderators, with results supporting that safety workarounds were more strongly impacted for those who work in high-risk environments and are more risk-averse. Study findings have implications within the pandemic context and beyond, as healthcare organizations work towards establishing practices that are resilient to uncertain conditions. Leaders can learn from the critical healthcare system issues that have been exposed during the pandemic and work to build sustainable healthcare models which prioritize both worker and patient wellbeing.

The Impact of Government Actions Under Public Emergencies on The Employment Quality of Medical College Graduates: Chinese Doctors During Covid-19

This study examines the changes in the evaluation of the employment quality of Chinese doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic under the intervention of government actions. In June 2020, 563 doctors were selected to conduct an employment quality survey in western China. This employment quality survey mainly focuses on social identity, work value and organizational behavior commitment from three dimensions, and tests the impact of government actions on the employment quality of Chinese doctors in the face of job risk and increased work pressure through the form of questionnaire. The results of hierarchical analysis and regression analysis show that after the outbreak of COVID-19, under the intervention of government actions, the turnover tendency of Chinese doctors decreases from 9% to 3%, and there are varying degrees of positive reflection in the evaluation of social identity, work value and organizational behavior commitment. The results show that government action, as an external influencing mechanism of employment quality, plays an important role in the face of occupational crisis. The intervention of government actions is helpful to study the positive changes in social identity, work value and organizational behavior commitment of Chinese doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic, and find the positive impact on their employment quality

Workplace Safety and Occupational Health Job Risks Hazards in Public Health Sector in Greece

Background: A systematic literature review in field of occupational health and safety job risks hazards in public health sector under the view of process that applies principles and techniques to create, communicate, and deliver value in order to influence target audience behaviors that benefit society as well as the intended employers, and also managers. The aim of the study is to change the activities in the workplace and society that will support the overall public health sector services in Greece and global. Methods: Review conducted and select research studies from January 2000 through February 2022, also the last two years on the recent frame of period of COVID-19 pandemic. Detected 195 studies and selected seven articles were included in this review according to criteria. These articles reported a variety of exposures faced by public health professionals working in public health sector. This review also revealed a number of strategies that can be adopted to control, eliminate, or reduce hazards job risks in occupational safety and health in Greece and global. Conclusion: This review highlights, the positively association and correlations between workplace safety and occupational health and safety job risks hazards in public health sector in Greece. Few papers are published based on the very contemporary title considered for the article; hence, this study identified several articles in the scientific literature, but only few articles were classified as eligible according to the previously established criteria especially in public health services and organizations sector.

Living with Infection Risk and Job Insecurity during COVID-19: The Relationship of Organizational Support, Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention.

The COVID-19 outbreak caused a stressful process for hospitality employees in terms of both being infected and experiencing the risk of losing their jobs. Stressful working conditions increase employees’ turnover intentions (TI). This study aims to analyze the relationship among perceived organizational support (POS), organizational commitment (OC), and turnover intention (TI) within the context of employees’ infection status and perceived job insecurity (JI). In this context, the study tests a moderated mediation research model. Having adopted a quantitative research method, data were acquired from 490 respondents who work at five-star accommodation companies in Alanya, Turkey. Findings show that the impact of POS on OC and IT differ according to employees’ infection status during the COVID-19 outbreak and their perceived JI. The findings of the study reveal empirical results in understanding employee attitudes toward companies alongside perceived job insecurity for those who are infected as well as for those who are not. Moreover, the study presents theoretical and practical contributions to reduce the negative impact of job insecurity and risk of infection on turnover intentions, which have been considered to be main sources of stress throughout the pandemic.

Job control, job demands and job strain and suicidal behaviour among three million workers in Sweden

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between job control, job demands and their combination (job strain) and suicide attempts and deaths among male and female workers in Sweden.MethodsJob control and demands were...

FUZZY SUGENO- BIOMEKANIKA-NIOSH-NBM: PENILAIAN RISIKO AKTIVITAS PENYARINGAN BUBUR KEDELAI

The purpose of this study was for risk assessment of soybean pulp filtration activities using Fuzzy Sugeno, NBM, Biomechanics, and NIOSH. Design this research with fuzzy integration – ergonomics. Research methods with observation stages and documentation of working postures, filling NBM questionnaires, assessing Fcompression and Fshear, designing fuzzy sugeno to assess job risks. The findings in this study were a 35% risk of fuzzy sugeno approaching pain. NBM pain points ≥ 80% with biomechanics value declared Fcompression and Fshear meet not at risk. An average Lifting Index assessment of 1.8 kg may be at risk for soy porridge filtering activities. Overall, soy porridge filtration activities still have risks. Therefore, it needs to be reviewed further. Improvements in the work environment and work facilities can also support in reducing the risk of muscle injury while working

Perceived COVID-19 health and job risks faced by digital platform drivers and measures in place to protect them: A qualitative study.

IntroductionAs they deliver food, packages, and people across cities, digital platform drivers (gig workers) are in a key position to become infected with COVID‐19 and transmit it to many others. The aim of this study is to identify perceived COVID‐19 exposure and job risks faced by workers and document the measures in place to protect their health, and how workers responded to these measures.MethodsIn 2020–2021, in‐depth interviews were conducted in Ontario, Canada, with 33 digital platform drivers and managers across nine platforms that delivered food, packages, or people. Interviews focused on perceived COVID‐19 risks and mitigation strategies. Audio recordings were transcribed verbatim and uploaded to NVivo software for coding by varied dual pairs of researchers. A Stakeholder Advisory Committee played an instrumental role in the study.ResultsAs self‐employed workers were without the protection of employment and occupational health standards, platform workers absorbed most of the occupational risks related to COVID‐19. Despite safety measures (e.g., contactless delivery) and financial support for COVID‐19 illnesses introduced by platform companies, perceived COVID‐19 risks remained high because of platform‐related work pressures, including rating systems. We identify five key COVID‐19 related risks faced by the digital platform drivers.ConclusionWe situate platform drivers within the broad context of precarious employment and recommend organizational‐ and government‐level interventions to prevent digital platform worker COVID‐19 risks and to assist workers ill with COVID‐19. Measures to protect the health of platform workers would benefit public health aims by reducing transmission by drivers to families, customers, and consequently, the greater population.

Associations and Correlations of Job Stress, Job Satisfaction and Burn out in Public Health Sector

A literature review of proposed associations and correlations of job stress, job satisfaction, and burn out in public health sector. Evidence of occupational hazards job risks that are encountered by Greek public health workforce, limited global literature. Connection of occupational job stress, job satisfaction, and burn out health and safety with public health and hygiene. Provided evidence of the exact risks that are perceived in public health sector in Greece. Comprehensive relative to possible occupational hazards of public health organization and services, with established and new evidence include organizational job risks. During the COVID-19 pandemic, global financial crisis, job insecurity, decreased salaries, and social instability where working conditions changed, risk factors were affected, risk increased, and interpersonal working relationships had a particular impact under the period of the pandemic, especially for health professionals who were in the frontline. This study can bear a significant impact and with the help of various reviews we give the global associations and correlations of job stress, job satisfaction, and burn out in public health sector. A systematic review conducted on the recent period for the last decade published papers along in Scopus, Web of Science, Direct Science, and journals. There are very few papers are published based on the very contemporary title considered for the article hence this study identified several articles in the scientific literature, but only few articles were classified as eligible according to the previously established criteria.

Psychosocial job stressors and risk of suicidal behavior - an observational study among Swedish men.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between psychosocial job stressors and suicidal behavior (fatal and non-fatal) among Swedish men while controlling for potential confounders. Population-based Swedish longitudinal cohort study of male conscripts without previous self-harm (N=1 483 310) enlisting 1968-2002. Conscription examinations included measures of IQ, stress resilience and psychiatric diagnoses. Job demand-control (JDC) exposure was assessed using the Swedish Job Exposure Matrix linked to specific occupations. Suicidal behavior among men aged 30-64 was identified in the National Hospital Register (non-fatal self-harm) and Swedish Cause of Death Register (suicide) during follow-up 2002-2014. Cox regression models were used to estimate associations between JDC category and suicidal behavior. In fully adjusted models, passive jobs (low demand-low control) showed the highest risk of suicidal behavior [hazard ratio (HR) 1.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.25-1.43] compared to those with low strain (low demand-high control), followed by high strain (high demand-low control) (HR 1.12, 95% Cl 1.03-1.22). A lower risk of suicidal behavior was found in the active category, where levels of both demand and control are high (HR 0.64, 95% Cl 0.60-0.70). Separate analyses for suicide as outcome revealed a lower risk of suicide in persons with active jobs (high demands-high control). The passive category showed a higher risk for suicide, but the association did not remain after adjustment for stress resilience and IQ. These results show that psychosocial job stressors among men are associated with risk for suicidal behavior. Improving job control has the potential to decrease suicidal behavior for this group.

The Psychological Well-Being of Southeast Asian Frontline Healthcare Workers during COVID-19: A Multi-Country Study.

Objectives: This study examined the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and job burnout among frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) across six Southeast Asian countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam) during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. We also investigated the associated risk and protective factors. Methods: Frontline HCWs (N = 1381) from the participating countries participated between 4 January and 14 June 2021. The participants completed self-reported surveys on anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-8), and job burnout (PWLS). Multivariate logistic regressions were performed with anxiety, depression, and job burnout as outcomes and sociodemographic and job characteristics and HCW perceptions as predictors. Results: The average proportion of HCWs reporting moderate anxiety, moderately severe depression, and job burnout across all countries were 10%, 4%, and 20%, respectively. Working longer hours than usual (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.82; 3.51), perceived high job risk (1.98; 2.22), and inadequate personal protective equipment (1.89; 2.11) were associated with increased odds of anxiety and job burnout while working night shifts was associated with increased risk of depression (3.23). Perceived good teamwork was associated with lower odds of anxiety (0.46), depression (0.43), and job burnout (0.39). Conclusion: Job burnout remains a foremost issue among HCWs. Potential opportunities to improve HCW wellness are discussed.

Job and demographic risk factors influencing cellular mediated hypersensitivity among Nigerian Laboratory University workers in multiple chemical exposures

Background: Chemicals from laboratories represent a significant risk in cellular mediated hypersensitivity (CMH) and chemo-induced skin injury due to chemical agents present under human skin layers absorbed from the surface. This study aimed to determine the occupational and socio-demographic characteristics of the laboratory workers associated with CMH in multiple chemical exposures. Design: This was a cross-sectional study on a population-based sample of Nigerian laboratory university workers. Methods: Data were collected using the erythema index meter. The study included 287 laboratory workers. Results: The results showed that the number of positive with CMH was 176 (61.3%) with 99 (56.3%) of them were male with AOR 0.31 (95%CI: 0.12, 0.77; p=0.011). Dark-skinned participants with CMH had adjusted odd ration, AOR 0.49 (95%CI: 0.21, 081; p =0.001). Most of the respondents have college education and have been exposed for 4-5hrs in the laboratory with AOR 2.42 (95%CI: 1.10, 5.38; p = 0.049) and 3.11 (95%CI: 1.77, 9.23; p =0.001) respectively. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was 60% less likely to be significantly induced with CMH with AOR 0.40 (95%CI: 0.22, 0.77; p =0.011). The Permissible exposure limit (PEL) of chemical was less but have an induced CMH with AOR 4.22 (95%CI: 2.88, 12.11; p =0.004). Conclusion: Results revealed that sex, skin color, working experience, educational level, PPE, PEL, and time of exposure were the probable predictive factors associated with the development of CMH. This study has shown that CMH was significantly associated with occupational and demographic factors. Better educational knowledge and attitude of hazards and safety in the laboratory would lead to a reduced rate of new cases.

IMPLICIT PRICES OF JOB RISK, CLIMATE, AND AIR POLLUTION: EVIDENCE FROM TAIWAN

We examine the implicit price of job mortality rates, climate, and air pollution in Taiwan under the hedonic wage frame with panel data from 1999 to 2014. We adopt a fixed-effects model to control for the omitted year-specific factors and time-invariant individual, industry, and city factors that may affect the wage. The within-individual variations in climate and air pollution from workers who have changed their job locations make it possible to identify the impacts of climate and air pollution on wages. We find that workers in Taiwan are willing to pay 308 USD (in 2014 value terms) for the January temperature to increase by 1∘C,781 USD for the July temperature to decline by 1∘C, indicating a net loss from global warming. Besides, the implicit price of air quality is 45 USD for PM 10 concentrations to fall by 1 unit ([Formula: see text]), and the implicit price of job risks is 140 USD per unit (1/100,000).

Perioperative symptom burden and its influencing factors in patients with oral cancer: A longitudinal study

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the symptom burden of perioperative oral cancer patients, its trajectory, and the factors influencing it. MethodsA longitudinal, repeated measures design with consecutively identified sampling was used to recruit oral cancer patients scheduled for surgical treatment. Data collected included sociodemographic and clinical information, nutritional risk by the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002, and symptom burden by M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory-Head and Neck Module (MDASI-HN) at preoperation, 7 days postsurgery, and 1 month postsurgery. ResultsPerioperative patients with oral cancer had multiple symptoms. Pain, difficulty swallowing/chewing, and mouth/throat sores (61.9%–76.1%) were the most prevalent symptoms before surgery. The symptom burden was the highest at 7 days after surgery, with the most prevalent symptoms, including difficulty swallowing/chewing, difficulty with voice/speech, and problems with mucus (87.8%–95.4%). At 1 month postsurgery, the 3 main symptoms were numbness or tingling, difficulty swallowing/chewing, and difficulty with voice/speech (all 87.8%). Treatment stage, job, comorbidity, cancer stage, adjuvant therapy, and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 score were correlated with symptom burdens. ConclusionsOur study illustrates that perioperative oral cancer patients have multiple symptoms and high symptom burdens, especially at 7 days postsurgery, with prominent symptoms and symptom burdens varying with the treatment stage.