Job-related Problems Research Articles

Pengaruh Digital Skill, Transformational Leadership dan Readiness for Change sebagai Variabel Mediasi terhadap Innovative Work Behaviour

The decline in the Global Innovation Index (GII) in Indonesia highlights the importance of promoting Innovative Work Behavior. In response, the government has initiated a Large-scale Bureaucracy Reform Design, emphasizing the significance of innovation in achieving world-class governance. Innovative Work Behavior is defined as creative ideas and contributions from employees in solving job-related problems, which impact organizational performance improvement. This research is motivated by the need for innovation in the public sector, particularly in the digital transformation of government services. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of Digital Skills and Transformational Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior, mediated by Readiness for Change, in the context of implementing Dukcapil Go Digital in the Population and Civil Registration Office (Disdukcapil) of Dharmasraya Regency. This research is a case study with a quantitative approach. The research respondents are all employees of Disdukcapil Dharmasraya Regency. This study uses primary data obtained from respondent answers through a questionnaire filled out via Google Forms. Data analysis technique uses the SEM-PLS (Structural Equating Modeling-Partial Least Square) method. The research findings indicate that Digital Skills and Transformational Leadership have a positive and significant influence on the Innovative Work Behavior of employees in the Population and Civil Registration Office of Dharmasraya Regency. Digital Skills also have a positive and significant influence on Readiness for Change, while Transformational Leadership does not have a significant influence on Readiness for Change. Although Readiness for Change has a positive impact, it is not significant on Innovative Work Behavior. Furthermore, Readiness for Change is not able to function as a mediator between Digital Skills and Innovative Work Behavior, as well as between Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior.

Reflexive thematic analysis of job-related problems associated with pharmacist suicide, 2003-2019.

Few qualitative studies have focused on suicide and specific job-related problems associated with suicide in pharmacists. Greater knowledge of specific work-related stressors amongst pharmacists could inform suicide prevention strategies. To identify job-related stressors associated with pharmacist suicides and compare stressors to those previously reported in physicians and nurses. Free-text law enforcement and medical examiner data for pharmacist suicides were extracted from the National Violent Death Registry (NVDRS) for 2003-2019. Reflexive thematic analysis was deployed via a deductive approach utilizing codes and themes found in previous research on nurse and physician suicides. New codes were also identified through inductive coding. A total of 291,872 suicides occurred between 2003 and 2019, of which 392 were pharmacist deaths. Of these, 62 pharmacist suicides were coded with job-related problems. Almost all deductive themes/codes extracted from nurses and physicians were present in pharmacists. Common codes found in the pharmacist dataset that were also found previously in physicians and nurses were: history of mental health, substance use disorder, hopelessness impending or proceeding job loss, and access to lethal weapons and/or drugs. Novel codes were added through inductive content analysis. Codes novel to pharmacists were: verbalized suicidal ideation (SI) or intent, diversion for the purpose of suicide, and the fear of job loss. Disciplinary action at the institutional level was associated with the fear of job loss and cited as the event triggering suicide completion. Pharmacists have similar job-related stressors associated with suicide as physicians and nurses. Evaluating the process of disciplinary action is warranted. Future research is indicated to evaluate causal relationship between work-related stressors and mental health outcomes leading to suicide in pharmacists.

A deductive thematic analysis of nurses with job-related problems who completed suicide during the early COVID-19 pandemic: A preliminary report.

Prior to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, nurses died by suicide more frequently than the general population. Antecedents prior to death include known job problems, such as disciplinary action; diversion of medications; inability to work due to chronic pain; and physical and mental illness. The aim of this study was to explore the suicide experience of nurses who died with known job-related problems during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to what has been previously described. Deductive reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyze narratives of nurses with known job problems who died by suicide from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Violent Death Reporting System. Forty-three nurses with known job-related problems completed suicide between March and December 2020. Factors associated with death were similar to previous findings with notable exceptions, increased prevalence of suicidal ideation and post-traumatic stress prior to the event. Pandemic-specific issues were noted including reduction in hours, fear of disease transmission, civil unrest, and grief-related trauma. Suicide prevention programs need to address both institutional and individual factors associated with nurse suicide. As previously recommended, transitions into retirement and job loss are vulnerable times warranting psychological support. Further, strategies to reduce the impact of stressors and increase support for nurses are needed at the organizational level. A systems level approach to hardwire coping strategies is indicated pre-licensure and throughout nurses' careers. A new focus on how to process personal and professional grief is warranted. Resources are needed for nurses traumatized by life (rape, childhood trauma) or work-related experiences.

경찰조직 내 심리부검 도입에 관한 연구

The police officer manages the initial measures and case records in the case of suicide against ordinary citizens, verifies the actual part of the suicide, and concludes the investigation by submitting formal records on the cause of suicide.
 In addition, the Central Psychological Autopsy Center and the Metropolitan Mental Health Promotion Center are conducting psychological autopsy on ordinary citizens, and based on this, they propose policy proposals for suicide prevention. However, when a police officer commits suicide, psychological autopsy is not performed on them.
 In this study, the number of post-traumatic stress and counseling is increasing in the case of police officers, and the suicide rate is not decreasing. Therefore, the issue of introducing a psychological autopsy center in the National Police Agency was raised by comparing the suicide rates of police officers, firefighters, and correctional officers The causes of suicide of police officers can be divided into personal problems and social problems. The personal problems are difficulties due to personal tendency, job-related problems and illnesses. The social causes are problems caused by low conflicts and support in the organization.
 In addition, there are cases where the exact cause of the suicide of police officers due to the absence of the psychological autopsy center is not solved, which is why the police department insisted on introducing the psychological autopsy center.
 Since the police are reluctant to disclose the part of counseling or post-suicide treatment due to the specificity of the organization, it is expected that the establishment of police officers in the office will contribute to lowering the suicide rate of police officers by establishing suicide prevention policies and accumulating databases based on the results of psychological autopsy.
 In addition, the burden will be reduced if the police officers due to overwork are consulted with the mental companion center in the local government office rather than visiting each center.
 Therefore, this study suggests ways to improve the system through the establishment of countermeasures manuals for police suicides and the establishment and revision of related legislation for the establishment of a dedicated organization.

Job-Related Problems of Professional Tourist Guides Living in Van

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Van ilinde yaşayan profesyonel turist rehberlerinin yaşadıkları meslek sorunlarını tespit etmek ve çözüm önerileri sunmaktır. Türkiye’de Doğu Anadolu bölgesi, Van ve Van Gölü havzası son yıllarda artan bir oranda yerli ve yabancı turistleri çekmektedir. Bölgenin sahip olduğu doğal, tarihi ve kültürel zenginliğin aktarılmasında önemli bir rol oynayan profesyonel turist rehberleri de doğal olarak sorunlarla karşılaşmaktadır. Araştırma, Van ilinde yaşayan profesyonel turist rehberlerinin hangi problemleri yaşadıklarına dair bilgi edinmeyi içermektedir. Araştırmada fenomenoloji ve nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olan görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma soruları, ilgili literatürün taranması ile oluşturulmuş ve veriler yarı yapılandırılmış soru formu ile toplanmıştır ve Van ilinde yaşayan profesyonel turist rehberleri ile yüz yüze mülakat yapılmıştır. Mülakatlar sırasında ses kaydı alınmış ve mülakatların tamamlanmasından sonra ses kayıtları deşifre edilmiştir. Deşifre edilmiş metin beş defa okunmuş ve katılımcılardan elde edilen verilere göre tema, kategori ve alt kategori oluşturulmuştur. Bulgular, örgütlenme, ören yerlerinde alt yapı sorunları, konaklama, seyahat ve yiyecek-içecek işletmeleri, ulaşım ve bürokrasi alanında sorunlar yaşandığını göstermektedir.

Thematic analysis and natural language processing of job‐related problems prior to physician suicide in 2003–2018

Although previous studies have consistently demonstrated that physicians are more likely than non-physicians to experience work-related stressors prior to suicide, the specific nature of these stressors remains unknown. The current study aimed to better characterize job-related problems prior to physician suicide. The study utilized a mixed methods approach combining thematic analysis and natural language processing to develop themes representing death investigation narratives of 200 physician suicides with implicated job problems in the National Violent Death Reporting System database between 2003 and 2018. Through thematic analysis, six overarching themes were identified: incapacity to work due to deterioration of physical health, substance use jeopardizing employment, interaction between mental health and work-related issues, relationship conflict affecting work, legal problems leading to work-related stress, and increased financial stress. Natural language processing analysis confirmed five of these themes and elucidated important subthemes. This is the first known study that integrated thematic analysis and natural language processing to characterize work-related stressors preceding physician suicide. The findings highlight the importance of bolstering systemic support for physicians experiencing job problems associated with their physical and mental health, substance use, relationships, legal matters, and finances in suicide prevention efforts.

Longitudinal analysis of suicides among pharmacists during 2003-2018

BackgroundSuicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and estimates of suicide among health professionals are higher than the general population. High rates of suicide among physicians and nurses have been described previously, but there is a lack of data for suicides completed by pharmacists. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to quantify the incidence, means, and characteristics of pharmacist suicides in the United States. MethodsData were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) for the years 2003-2018. The dataset contained all suicides, coded by occupation, reported by medical examiners and law enforcement from 39 states and Washington DC and Puerto Rico. Suicide characteristics were compared between pharmacists and nonpharmacists. Age-adjusted rates were calculated for 2004, 2009, and 2014. ResultsDuring 2003-2018, the NVDRS contained 316 pharmacist suicides compared with 213,146 nonpharmacist suicides. The age-adjusted rates per 100,000 people were 19.6, 20.1, and 18.2 for 2004, 2009 and 2014, respectively. The most common means of suicide was firearm. Associated factors for suicide included job problems, current mental illness treatment, and suicide note. ConclusionSuicide rates among pharmacists are higher than the general population. Future research is needed to evaluate the context of job-related problems to mitigate risk. Encouraging help-seeking behaviors to identify and treat pharmacist depression is warranted.

MO1031: Burnout Syndrome Among Paediatric Nephrologists—Report on its Prevalence, Severity and Predisposing Factors

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Burnout is an occupational-related syndrome comprising emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced feelings of work-related personal accomplishments. Addressing and mitigating burnout is essential for avoiding high workforce turnover, patient dissatisfaction and a lower quality of care. There are some reports on burnout among adult nephrologists and general paediatricians, but little has been known about burnout among paediatric nephrologists. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence and severity of burnout syndrome among Polish paediatric nephrologists. METHOD A 25-items online survey consisting of abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory and additional self-created questions about work-related factors was completed by 97 physicians affiliated with the Polish Society of Paediatric Nephrology. 75.3% of them were women, the median time of professional experience in the study group was 15 years. RESULTS High level of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and reduced feeling of personal accomplishments was observed in 39.2%, 38.1% and 21.6% of participants, respectively. 26.8% of participants presented at least a medium level of burnout in all three dimensions and 8.2% of them presented high three-dimensional burnout. No associations of burnout intensity and gender, job seniority and the use of holiday leave were found. 41.2% of participants stated, that they would like to take part in burnout prevention and support programme. According to the study participants, excessive bureaucracy in healthcare systems, rush and working overtime were the main job-related problems that can influence burnout intensity. CONCLUSION Burnout is an important factor in the professional landscape of paediatric nephrology. Actions aiming at reducing the risk of occupational burnout among paediatric nephrologists should be applied both at personal and institutional levels.

Burnout Syndrome among Pediatric Nephrologists-Report on Its Prevalence, Severity, and Predisposing Factors.

Background and Objectives: Burnout is an occupation-related syndrome comprising emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced feelings of work-related personal accomplishments. There are reports on burnout among adult nephrologists and general pediatricians, but little is known about burnout among pediatric nephrologists. The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence and severity of burnout syndrome among Polish pediatric nephrologists. Materials and Methods: A 25-item study survey consisting of abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory and additional self-created questions about work-related factors was completed by 97 physicians affiliated with the Polish Society of Pediatric Nephrology. Women comprised 75.3%, with median time of professional experience in the study group was 15 years. Results: A high level of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced feeling of personal accomplishments were observed in 39.2%, 38.1%, and 21.6% of the participants, respectively. At least a medium level of burnout in all three dimensions were observed in 26.8% of the participants and 8.2% of them presented high three-dimensional burnout. About 41.2% of the participants stated that they would like to take part in burnout prevention and support programs. According to the study participants, excessive bureaucracy in healthcare systems, rush at work, and overtime work were the main job-related problems that could influence burnout intensity. Conclusions: Burnout is an important factor in the professional landscape of pediatric nephrology. Actions aimed at reducing the risk of occupational burnout among pediatric nephrologists should be applied, both at the personal and institutional levels.

Social cognitive mechanisms in healthcare worker resilience across time during the pandemic

PurposeHealthcare workers are at increased risk for mental health problems during disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Identifying resilience mechanisms can inform development of interventions for this population. The current study examined pathways that may support healthcare worker resilience, specifically testing enabling (social support enabled self-efficacy) and cultivation (self-efficacy cultivating support) models.MethodsHealthcare workers (N = 828) in the Rocky Mountain West completed self-report measures at four time points (once per month from April to July of 2020). We estimated structural equation models to explore the potential mediating effects that received social support and coping self-efficacy had (at time 2 and time 3) between traumatic stress symptom severity (at time 1 and time 4). Models included covariates gender, age, minority status, and time lagged co-variations between the proposed mediators (social support and coping self-efficacy).ResultsThe full model fit the data well, CFI = .993, SRMR = .027, RMSEA = .036 [90% CIs (0.013, 0.057)]. Tests of sequential mediation supported enabling model dynamics. Specifically, the effects of time 1 traumatic stress severity were mediated through received social support at time 2 and time 3 coping self-efficacy, in sequential order to reduce time 4 traumatic stress severity.ConclusionsFindings show the importance of received social support and coping self-efficacy in mitigating psychopathology risk. Interventions can support mental health by focusing on social resource engagement that facilitates coping empowerment, which may decrease risk for mental health job-related problems among frontline healthcare workers exposed to highly stressful events.

Job-Related Problems Prior to Nurse Suicide, 2003-2017: A Mixed Methods Analysis Using Natural Language Processing and Thematic Analysis

Background Nurses have a higher rate of suicide than the gender-matched general population at baseline. Quantitative data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Violent Death Reporting System have been previously analyzed to reveal that nurses have more known job-related issues prior to death by suicide. However, no known study has focused on the context of those job-related problems prior to nurse suicide. Purpose The aim of this study was to provide context to job-related problems experienced before nurse death by suicide. Methods Cases were selected either because they were coded as having a job-related problem prior to death or the words “job” or “work” appeared in the case investigation narrative. Natural language processing and thematic analysis of free-text medical examiner and law enforcement investigation narratives were performed to better describe nurse deaths by suicide in cases with known job-related problems prior to death. Results Narratives from a total of 203 nurse deaths from between 2003 and 2017 were included in this study. Very little was reported regarding the actual work of being a nurse. Job-related problems of these 203 deaths focused on substance use, mental health problems, chronic pain, or job loss due to investigations for substance use or diversion of medication. Conclusions Nurses who lose a nursing position or leave the profession because of substance use, mental health issues, or chronic pain are at risk for nurse suicide. Alternative-to-discipline programs for nurses with substance use disorder need to be improved and standardized. Earlier or more complete treatment for mental illness may help prevent suicide in this population. Nurses have a higher rate of suicide than the gender-matched general population at baseline. Quantitative data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Violent Death Reporting System have been previously analyzed to reveal that nurses have more known job-related issues prior to death by suicide. However, no known study has focused on the context of those job-related problems prior to nurse suicide. The aim of this study was to provide context to job-related problems experienced before nurse death by suicide. Cases were selected either because they were coded as having a job-related problem prior to death or the words “job” or “work” appeared in the case investigation narrative. Natural language processing and thematic analysis of free-text medical examiner and law enforcement investigation narratives were performed to better describe nurse deaths by suicide in cases with known job-related problems prior to death. Narratives from a total of 203 nurse deaths from between 2003 and 2017 were included in this study. Very little was reported regarding the actual work of being a nurse. Job-related problems of these 203 deaths focused on substance use, mental health problems, chronic pain, or job loss due to investigations for substance use or diversion of medication. Nurses who lose a nursing position or leave the profession because of substance use, mental health issues, or chronic pain are at risk for nurse suicide. Alternative-to-discipline programs for nurses with substance use disorder need to be improved and standardized. Earlier or more complete treatment for mental illness may help prevent suicide in this population.

Impact of Merger and Acquisition Practice on Job Stress: Evidence from Nepal

M&A has become one of the key aspects of corporate change and transition. It has also become a source of uncertainly and stress for everyone. Nepal Rastra Bank has extensively introduced the policy of M&A in the banking and financial sector of Nepal. The main aim of this study is to examine the impact of M&A practices on job stress of employees and to suggest some policies to manage such job stress. This uses both descriptive and analytical approaches to research. A set of a self-administered questionnaire used to explore the impact of M&A practice on the job stress of employees. A total of 500 questionnaires (125 in each merged bank) were distributed to all level managers, branch managers, and other staff of various departments of the commercial banks involved in big M&A practice in Nepal. Only 351 (70.20%) of total distributed questionnaires were returned as a source of data. A five-point Likert scale is used for measuring responses. This study uses analytical statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation, regression analysis, and ANOVA test for analyzing data. The results indicate that individual-related problems, policies & procedure-related problems, job-related problems, and organization-related problems are the key stressors in M&A practice. The results also reveal that all these problems have a significantly positive impact on employee job stress after M&A practice. This study also suggests several policies for managing and reducing the job stress of employees after M&A practices. Keywords: Acquisition, Employees, Job, Merger, Stress DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/12-24-01 Publication date: August 31 st 2020

Prevalence and correlates of job and insurance problems among young breast cancer survivors within 18\u2009months of diagnosis

BackgroundThe prevalence and correlates of job and insurance problems were examined among a cohort of young U.S. breast cancer survivors during the first 18-months following diagnosis.MethodsParticipants were 708 women diagnosed at ≤45 years with stage I-III breast cancer. 90% were non-Hispanic white, 76% were married/partnered and 67% had ≥4-year college degree. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression examined the associations between demographic, lifestyle and clinical factors with job and insurance problems.Results18-months after diagnosis, 56% of participants worked full-time, 16% part-time, 18% were homemakers and/or students, 4.5% were unemployed, and 2.4% were disabled. The majority (86%) had private insurance. Job-related problems were reported by 40% of women, and included believing they could not change jobs for fear of losing health insurance (35.0%), being fired (2.3%), and being demoted, denied promotion or denied wage increases (7.8%). Greater job-related problems were associated with being overweight vs. under/normal weight (p = 0.006), income <$50,000/per year (p = 0.01), and working full-time vs. part-time (p = 0.003). Insurance problems were reported by 27% of women, and included being denied health insurance (2.6%), health insurance increases (4.3%), being denied health benefit payments (14.8%) or denied life insurance (11.4%). Insurance problems were associated with being under/normal weight vs. obese (p = 0.01), not being on hormone therapy (p < 0.001), and a tumor size > 5 cm vs. < 2 cm (p = 0.01).ConclusionsYoung survivors experienced significant job- and insurance-related issues following diagnosis. To the extent possible, work and insurance concerns should be addressed prior to treatment to inform work expectations and avoid unnecessary insurance difficulties.

Relationship between Burnout and Mental-Illness-Related Stigma among Nonprofessional Occupational Mental Health Staff.

Background Stigma related to mental illness can be an obstacle affecting the quality of life of people with mental illness. Although mental illness in the workplace is a public problem globally, few studies have investigated the effect of stigma on job-related problems such as burnout. Aim This study aimed to clarify the association between mental-illness-related stigma and burnout among nonprofessional occupational mental health staff. Methods In this cross-sectional study, nonprofessional occupational mental health staff's perceived mental-illness-related stigma was assessed using Link's Devaluation-Discrimination Scale, and their burnout was assessed using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. The association between stigma and burnout was analyzed by multiple linear regression analysis. Results In total, 282 participants completed the questionnaire (response rate: 91.3%). We excluded 54 nurses from the analysis to examine strictly nonprofessional occupational mental health staff. Finally, 228 eligible respondents were surveyed. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that mental-illness-related stigma was significantly associated with a high degree of depersonalization, which was one of the burnout dimensions. However, the impact of stigma over the depersonalization domain of burnout was minor. Conclusion The results suggest that higher perceived mental-illness-related stigma is associated with more severe burnout. It is important to take measures against mental-illness-related stigma to avoid burnout among occupational mental health staff.

Реализация гуманитарного потенциала математики при подготовке будущих инженеров в аграрно-технологическом вузе

The paper reviews the feasibility of the humanitarian potential of mathematics while teaching Engineering Bachelor’s Degree students at agro-technological university achieved as a part of person-centered and activity-based approaches. It studies the concept of humanitarization of mathematics education and basic components of this process: activity-based, historical, applied, and aesthetic ones. The activity-based component implies the use of person-centered and developing technologies, students’ self-directed learning management (standard and applied problems solution, creative, research, project tasks performance, the compilation of reference schemes and glossaries), education differentiation, the use of active learning and simulation methods. The historical component is delivered in different forms, and the applied component is useful in solving results-based and job-related problems. Besides, the research demonstrates several aspects of the informatization of the educational process and proves the necessity of its differentiation. The practices of problem-based learning and case method are exemplified as well.

Adult self-image and well-being after testicular cancer: The role of agency and meaning

Objective: Cancer during young adulthood can limit the extent to which one adopts an adult self-image. However, the relationship of adult self-image to cancer-related adjustment remains unexplored. The current study examines relationships of adult self-image and social/emotional well-being and job-related problems in young testicular cancer survivors. Factors thought to facilitate future-oriented goals (i.e. agency and meaning) are examined as intermediary processes.Design: Testicular cancer survivors (N = 171) between the ages of 18 and 29 completed questionnaire measures of adult self-image, agency, sense of meaning and indicators of adjustment.Main Outcome Measures: Social and emotional well-being were measured by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General. Job problems were assessed using the EORTC’s testicular cancer supplement (EORTC QLQ-TC26).Results: Path model results revealed direct associations of survivors’ adult self-image with social (β = .20, p < .05), but not emotional well-being (β = .14, p < .01). Both agency and meaning mediated the relationship of adult self-image and well-being indicators. Finally, the relationship between adult self-image and job problems was only significant for those who were employed or in school (β = −.19, p < .05).Outcomes: Assessment of adult self-image might be useful in identifying risk for poor adjustment. Interventions that target agency and meaning might facilitate developmental goals.

A serial mediation model of workplace social support on work productivity: the role of self-stigma and job tenure self-efficacy in people with severe mental disorders

Purpose: Compared to groups with other disabilities, people with a severe mental illness face the greatest stigma and barriers to employment opportunities. This study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between workplace social support and work productivity in people with severe mental illness working in Social Enterprises by taking into account the mediating role of self-stigma and job tenure self-efficacy.Method: A total of 170 individuals with a severe mental disorder employed in a Social Enterprise filled out questionnaires assessing personal and work-related variables at Phase-1 (baseline) and Phase-2 (6-month follow-up). Process modeling was used to test for serial mediation.Results: In the Social Enterprise workplace, social support yields better perceptions of work productivity through lower levels of internalized stigma and higher confidence in facing job-related problems. When testing serial multiple mediations, the specific indirect effect of high workplace social support on work productivity through both low internalized stigma and high job tenure self-efficacy was significant with a point estimate of 1.01 (95% CI = 0.42, 2.28).Conclusions: Continued work in this area can provide guidance for organizations in the open labor market addressing the challenges posed by the work integration of people with severe mental illness.Implications for Rehabilitation:Work integration of people with severe mental disorders is difficult because of limited access to supportive and nondiscriminatory workplaces.Social enterprise represents an effective model for supporting people with severe mental disorders to integrate the labor market.In the social enterprise workplace, social support yields better perceptions of work productivity through lower levels of internalized stigma and higher confidence in facing job-related problems.

Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Bipolar Disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BPAD) is a serious mental disorder characterized by episodes of depression, hypomania/mania and mixed episodes, with interepisodic recovery. However, many patients with BPAD continue to exhibit residual symptoms in the interepisodic period. The illness usually starts in adolescence or early adulthood and has significant negative impact on the life of the sufferer and their caregivers. Patients with BPAD encounter educational difficulties, job related problems, interpersonal difficulties, psychosocial dysfunction, disability, marital problems, multiple suicidal attempts, completed suicide and medication side effects. Additionally patients with BPAD have high rates of physical and psychiatric comorbidity. The prevalence rates of BPAD vary from country to country. A large multinational study suggests that lifetime prevalence of BPAD-I ranges from 0-1% with a mean of 0.6 (SD-0.4). The prevalence rate of BPAD-II ranges from 0 to 1.1% with a mean of 0.4 (SD-0.3). Additionally a significant proportion of patients have been shown to have subthreshold BPAD with a range of 0.1 to 2.4% with a mean of 1.4 (SD-0.8). There is no nationwide study to evaluate the prevalence rates of BPAD in India. In a country like India, patients have limited resources, poor knowledge about the disorder and treatment; have inadequate access to the health care facilities, which makes treatment of BPAD a challenge. Indian Psychiatric Society (IPS) made first attempt to formulate Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) for management of BPAD in 2005. Since then, over the last one decade there have been several developments, especially in the form of emergence of new evidence for some of the pharmacological agents. Accordingly, these new guidelines attempt to update the previous guidelines published by IPS. These guidelines should be read along with the earlier version of the CPGs, published by IPS in 2005.

Investigation of Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Hotel Employees by Structural Equation Model

The aim of this study is to determine the level of organizational citizenship behavior of the employees in the hotel businesses operating in the province of Rize in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. For this purpose, 345 questionnaires were applied to the employees in question. The obtained data were analyzed through LISREL and SPSS programs. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis which was performed to determine the organizational citizenship behaviors of the participants, it was found out that there are significant positive relationships among organizational citizenship behavior factors. In this context, the most effective variable on the altruism factor was found to be “I do not hesitate to share the materials with my co-workers in the case of job related problems.” with a ratio of 0.99. One the most effective variables on the conscientiousness factor was detected as “I spend most of my time in business related activities” with a ratio of 0.94. On the other hand, “I warn other employees not to be hurt when unexpected problems occur” variable with a ratio of 0.95 was determined on the courtesy factor. It was also figured out on the sportsmanship factor that “I do not my waste time complaining about minor problems.” variable has ratio of 0.89. “I keep up with the changes made in the structure of the organization I work with.” variable is influential with a ratio of 0.95 on the Civic Virtue factor. In addition, it was revealed that conscientiousness and sportsmanship factors have an effect between each other with a ratio of 0.53.

Business Communication - British and German Perspectives

The paper aims to discuss some aspects related to communication in business contexts by taking into account some representative characteristics which define the British and German cultures. As already shown in various studies, due to cultural awareness and acceptance, business people manage to communicate and solve job-related problems despite language accuracy deficiencies. For these reasons, it is essential for any Business English trainer to enable learners to become acquainted with the cultural differences (and similarities) between the most representative actors in the business world particularly nowadays when de-globalization becomes increasingly impending. This process should nevertheless avoid stereotyping. Our paper is limited to the study of two cultures, British and German, thus leaving room for further analysis. We thereby intend to provide a general profile of the two cultures so as to support business English students in their attempt to communicate across cultures. The UK, often referred to as the empire on which the sun never sets, has recently decided to drop out the European dream The referendum in June 2016 divided the nation with a 52 percent to 48 percent vote for Brexit. English is still the official language in more than 60 countries, being generally accepted as the language of international business worldwide. On the other hand, Germany is generally regarded as the guardian of the European dream, both praised and criticized for its attitude towards some of the most controversial issues of the moment. Could these two cultures, based on understanding and tolerance, reconcile and create the premises of a common future in the sphere of business?