Job-related Factors Research Articles

Does height matter for earnings? Evidence from Russia.

This study explores the link between height and earnings, using data from the Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey for the year 2015 (24th wave). The dependent variable was average monthly income and the key independent variable was self-reported height, measured in centimetres. The empirical model also included a rich vector of personal and job-related factors that have been shown to be associated with earnings in the relevant literature. Sequential multiple regression and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyse the data. The results suggest that height is a significant predictor of earnings in Russia. The results were found to be robust for a set of controls and tests.

Demand and Driver Supply Implications of Regular Public Transportation System for Policy Makers: A Case Study of Kandahar City, Afghanistan

Kandahar city of Afghanistan being one of the largest cities of the country does not have any regular system of public transportation. Unfortunately, at the moment the entire picture of the current services and future plans is unclear due to the lack of travel behavioral data including trip rate, travel time distribution, modal share and so on. More serious is that mechanism behind the behavior has not been figured out, so that no comprehensive transportation planning was established from theoretical basis. As the unprecedented study in Kandahar city, this paper attempted to carry out a travel survey with Revealed and Stated Preference (RP/SP) approach to understand travel behavior for the first time, by focusing on determinant factors of demand for regular public transportation modes and supply of drivers using discrete choice modelling approach. The results revealed that travel time and travel cost are among the most influential factors for forecasting the demand of public transport. Other socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, monthly income, and vehicle ownership are also demand determinant factors. Furthermore, consideration of women in all processes of planning and operating public transit is very essential. On the other hand, due to low income, higher working loads and some other job related factors, the drivers of paratransit system are not satisfied with their current jobs and have shown strong willingness to become bus drivers in future. Their willingness to change their jobs is effected by their personal income levels, availability of other income sources, education and some other social factors.

Effects of job stress on symptoms of bipolar spectrum disorder in an electronic parts manufacturing company.

BackgroundMental illness is known to be caused by genetic, biological, and environmental risk factors. Although previous studies have established the link between mental illness and job stress, most of them are limited to major depression disorder. Therefore, this study examined the relationship between job stress and bipolar spectrum disorder (BSD).MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study based on a survey conducted in April 2017 at an electronic parts manufacturing company in Busan. In a total of 441 workers, the degree of BSD was identified using the Korean version of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire, and the degree of job stress was identified using the Korean Occupational Stress Scale Short Form. This study also identified general characteristics of workers and job-related factors. The χ2 test and Fisher's exact test was conducted to determine the differences among the variables, based on BSD. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the influence of independent variables on BSD.ResultsCross-analysis showed significant differences between the BSD high-risk and low-risk groups regarding age, sex, occupation, smoking, problem drinking, job stress total score, occupational climate, and major depression disorder symptom. In addition, the significant differences between the BSD high-risk and low-risk groups about job stress were observed in terms of job demand, job insecurity, and occupational climate. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the high-risk group in the job stress group had a higher effect on BSD than the low-risk group (odds ratio [OR]: 2.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.10–4.88). Among the categories of job stress, high-risk groups in 3 areas—job demand (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.27–5.17), job insecurity (OR: 4.42, 95% CI: 1.19–16.42), and occupational climate (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.29–5.05)—were more likely to have an impact on BSD than the low-risk groups.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the high-risk groups of job stress total score, job demand, job insecurity, and occupational climate had a more significant effect on BSD than the low-risk groups. As workers with BSD may have difficulties in their work and personal lives, there is a need to manage job stress to prevention of BSD.

Combined effect of emotional labor and job insecurity on sleep disturbance among customer service workers.

BackgroundJob insecurity and emotional labor are poor job-related factors that are known to cause sleep disturbances in customer service workers. This study investigates the combined effect of emotional labor and job insecurity on sleep disturbance.MethodsThis study used data from the Fifth Korean Working Condition Survey and included 15,147 paid workers who serve customers below 65 years. We re-classified into 6 groups based on whether the degree of emotional labor increased (Rarely/Sometimes/Always) or whether job insecurity (No/Yes) was present. We performed propensity score matching for several covariates and calculated odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sleep disturbance by logistic regression models using only matched subjects.ResultsWorkers exposed to emotional labor and job insecurity had significantly higher risk for 3 dimensions of sleep disturbance (difficulty falling asleep, waking up repeatedly during the sleep, and waking up with feeling of fatigue) (OR [95% CI]: 1.44 [1.22–1.69], 1.18 [0.99–1.40], 1.52 [1.30–1.79] for emotional labor; and 2.00 [1.75–2.29], 2.20 [1.91–2.53], 1.67 [1.45–1.92] for job insecurity). Compared to those who were exposed to both emotional labor rarely and without job insecurity, when workers had both poor job factors, the OR (95% CI) for sleep disturbance for difficulty falling asleep, waking up repeatedly during the sleep, and waking up with feeling of fatigue were 3.05 (2.42–3.86), 2.89 (2.26–3.69), and 2.60 (2.06–3.29), respectively. The relative excess risk due to Interaction of job insecurity and emotional labor was significant only for difficulty falling asleep, but not the other 2 sleep disturbance dimensions.ConclusionsCustomer service workers suffered from severe sleep disturbances according to the existing degree of emotional labor and job insecurity. The combined effect of both could have an additive influence on serious sleep disturbance among customer service workers.

Psychosocial factors affecting sleep quality of pre-employed firefighters: a cross-sectional study.

BackgroundThere have been no health-related studies of pre-employed firefighters without firefighter-specific job-related factors (FSJRF). This study aimed to evaluate the sleep quality of pre-employed firefighters and to examine the relationship between sleep quality and psychosocial factors.MethodsWe conducted a self-report questionnaire survey for 602 pre-employed firefighters at 3 Fire Service Academies after brief lecture about sleep. Sleep quality and psychosocial variables such as depression, anxiety, stress and social support were evaluated. The independent 2 sample t-test, χ2 test and multiple logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate the effect of the variables on the sleep quality of pre-employed firefighters.ResultsAmong a total of 602 people, 347 (57.6%) had good sleep quality and 255 (42.4%) had poor sleep quality. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of them was 3.29 ± 1.41) and 7.87 ± 2.20), respectively. 24 (4.0%) were evaluated to have insomnia by Insomnia Severity Index. Logistic regression analyses showed that the depression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.940, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.124–11.292), anxiety (aOR: 4.233, 95% CI: 2.138–8.381), stress (aOR: 2.880, 95% CI: 1.915–4.330) and social support (aOR: 0.959, 95% CI: 0.939–0.980) have a significant effect on sleep quality after adjusted by sex, age, smoking status, drinking status, caffeine intake, past shift working and circadian rhythm type.ConclusionsDepression, anxiety, stress and social support were associated with sleep quality among pre-employed firefighters. Repeated follow-up studies of pre-employed firefighters are needed to further assess their change of sleep quality and identify the FSJRF that may affect the sleep quality of firefighters.

Job stress and its associated factors among working women in Pokhara Metropolitan, Nepal

Background: Stress is a relationship between the person and the environment which has become one of the most serious health issues worldwide. Globally, the reported prevalence of stress shows 28% of men and 53% of women go through work-family stress. The prevalence is even more in Asian countries. In India, 87% of women are stressed for time to manage work and family. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among the working women of Pokhara Metropolitan. A stratified random sampling technique was used in the study. The total number of samples was divided into each category of the organization as per the percentage available. A self-administered structured questionnaire was given to all 183 women from the selected public as well as a private organization. Descriptive statistics were reported for demographic, socioeconomic, and various environmental as well as the nature of job-related factors of the respondents. A Chi-square test was used to find out the association between the variables. Results: This study revealed that the prevalence of job stress was 47.5% by Effort Reward Imbalance Questionnaire at mean score 40.08 (standard deviation ± 4.97). The age range of the participants was between 20 and 40 years, with a median age of 29 years. The majority of working women (61.2%) were from the age group of 20–30 years. The various factors found to be associated with job stress were participant's age, family type, health-care benefit at the office, and provision of health-care benefits. Conclusions: The findings of the study reveal that the overall prevalence of job stress was found to be 47.5%. Emphasis should be given to health-care benefits at the office of women as well as for the provision of proper family support and care during their job.

Depression and Its Contributing Factors: A study among staff of an academic institution in Malaysia

Information on depression and its contributing factors among the staff of the academic institution is sparse. Hence, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression among them and investigate its contributing factors. We used the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21-item and pro forma questionnaires to assess the presence of depression, sociodemographic factors, personal factors and job-related factors. Of 278 participants, 27.7% had clinical depression. Contributing factors include inadequate workplace facilities, low-tier job category, working in urban campus and low income. Addressing factors underpin depression among staff in the academic institution is crucial to ensure early interventions can be offered.Keywords: Depression; Academic Institution; Workers; Contributing FactorseISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1894

Morbidity profile and use of personal protective equipment amongst traffic police of Mumbai

Background: Traffic police play a very significant role in controlling traffic system. The job of traffic police personnel is a tough job, which has a direct influence on their life. The aim of the present study was to assess prevalence of morbidities, use of personal protective equipment viz., mask, oxygen therapy and pressure stocking amongst Mumbai traffic police and study association of some job related factors with their present health profile.Methods: Record based study was conducted by analyzing 1959 health record forms filled by the traffic police of Mumbai. Frequency, percentages, Chi-square test and unpaired t test were calculated.Results: The mean age of traffic police was 46.87±7.95 years. The duration of years in traffic branch ranged from 6 months to 18 years. Prevalence of stress, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, eye, skin, and ear morbidities were 26%, 20.9%, 14.2%, 10.2%, 3.6%, 3.3% respectively. In traffic police officers, prevalence of hypertension (28.3% v/s 19.8%), diabetes mellitus (23.6% v/s 12.8%), ear morbidities (5.5% v/s 2.9%) and stress (31.1% v/s 25.3%) were significantly high as compared to traffic policemen (p value <0.05). There was significant association of prevalence of respiratory morbidities, ear morbidities with current work placement (p value <0.05). There was significant relation of duration in police service and stress, eye morbidities, diabetes mellitus, hypertension and respiratory morbidities. Proportion of traffic police using mask, oxygen therapy and pressure stockings were 60.2%, 21.5% and 15.8% respectively.Conclusions: Morbidities amongst traffic police is high. Use of personal protective equipment is very low. Worksite Prevention Program should be planned to reduce health problems amongst traffic police.

A Study On the Relationship between Job-related Factors and Life Satisfaction: Exploring Gender as a Moderator

본 연구의 목적은 직업적 특성과 삶의 만족도 간 관계를 분석하는 것이다. 한국직업능력개발원의 직업지표 조사 자료를 활용하여 개인 및 직업적 특성 요인들이 개인의 삶의 만족도와 어떠한 관계를 갖는 지 분석하였으며, 직업적 특성 중 직무자율성과 사회공헌이 삶의 만족도와 갖는 관계에 있어 성별이 갖는 조절효과를 탐색하였다. 분석 결과, 개인의 여가시간, 직업 자체의 일-가정 균형, 직무자율성 및 사회공헌 수준과 삶의 만족도 간에는 유의미한 정의 관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 성별의 조절효과 분석 결과, 직무자율성과 삶의 만족도 간 관계는 남성이 여성에 비하여 강하게 나타난 반면, 사회공헌과 삶의 만족도 간 관계는 여성이 남성에 비하여 강하게 나타났다. 이상의 연구 결과를 바탕으로 시사점 및 함의를 논의하였다.The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between individual/job-related factors and one’s life satisfaction. Using a data from 3,500 respondents on Korean Occupational Index survey, conducted by Korea Research Institute for Vocational Education and Training(KRIVET) in 2016, this study investigates how individual and job-related characteristics including salary, job stability, work-life balance, job autonomy, social contribution are associated with the levels of life satisfaction. The results of this study indicate that salary and job stability are not significantly related to one’s life satisfaction whereas the amount of leisure time, work- family balance, job autonomy, and social contribution are significant factors related to the levels of life satisfaction. Further, this study also confirms the moderating effect of gender on the relationships between job autonomy and life satisfaction as well as social contribution and life satisfaction. Implications of the findings are discussed.

Nurses' Competence and Job Related Factors among Nurses in University Hospitals: A Cross Sectional Descriptive Design

Introduction: Nurses' Competence is a critical factor for providing safe and quality care and self- assessment is a key issue in maintenance of competence. This study was conducted to identify the level of competence and its associations with some job related factors. Methods: A cross sectional and descriptive design was conducted at seven university hospitals in Rasht during September 2015. This study included 230 nurses working in university hospitals who were selected using stratified sampling method . The majority of nurses was female and had a bachelor's degree. Nurses' competence was measured using self reported competency inventory for registered nurses (Persian version) . Data was analyzed with Spearman correlation, Mann-Whitney-U SPSS /21 software. Results: The average score of competence was 173.59±26.72 and was considered in high level. The highest and the lowest competence were in dimensions of 'ethical-legal performance' (M=3.23±.52) and 'Critical thinking/research aptitude' (M=3.11±.51) respectively. There were significant associations between nurses' competence and some job related factors consisting work experience (p = 0.001), monthly salary (p = 0.001), working hours per month (p = 0.004), Nurses' shift work (p = 0.021), and employment type (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Nurses assessed their competence at a desirable level, which may be due to self-assessment tool. Some job related factors associated with nurses' competence. Exploring the competence level and its relationship with these factors could be helpful in managerial interventions for professional competency.

Factors correlating with prolonged fatigue among emergency department nurses.

Fatigue affects nurses negatively and leads to physical, cognitive and emotional problems that may influence nurses' quality of life. However, there is a lack of studies about prolonged fatigue and its relationship with socio-demographic characteristics and job-related psychosocial factors among nurses, especially emergency nurses, worldwide and in Jordan. This study aims to assess the relationship between demographic factors, physical health, psychological distress and job-related psychosocial factors (psychological job demands, job control and social support) and prolonged fatigue among emergency department nurses in Jordan. A descriptive correlational study using a convenience sample was used to recruit 153 emergency nurses. Physical health Questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire, Job Content Questionnaire and Checklist Individual Strength were used. The majority of emergency nurses experienced abnormally prolonged fatigue, moderate health, high psychological distress, high job demands and low job control and social support. Significant negative relationships were addressed between job control, social support and prolonged fatigue, whereas income had a negative weak relationship. Psychological distress and job demands had a positive weak relationship with prolonged fatigue. There was a significant positive weak relationship between psychological distress, job demands and prolonged fatigue. Job-related psychosocial factors (with exception of social support) and mental health were the predictors of prolonged fatigue. Prolonged fatigue is a multidimensional phenomenon that can be affected by several factors such as job-related psychosocial factors and psychological health. These factors should be taken into consideration when testing and developing interventions to minimise prolonged fatigue among emergency nurses.

Nurses' competence and job related factors among nurses in university hospitals: a cross sectional descriptive design

Nurses' competence and job related factors among nurses in university hospitals: a cross sectional descriptive design

A fine balance: understanding the influence of job, school and personal characteristics in predicting academic and job satisfaction amongst non-traditional students

ABSTRACT While there has been a proliferation of interest and research into work-family studies we know little about how employees who study while working manage their multiple and sometimes conflicting roles. This research focuses on non-traditional students (NTS), whose representation in the general student population has increased, and explores how they attempt to balance their work and school responsibilities. The question of what factors potentially impact NTS’s academic and job satisfaction remains mostly unanswered and is the question this article attempts to address. Data were collected from over 200 non-traditional students studying across different regional campuses of a US university, testing several hypotheses including relevant demographic and non-demographic variables. Results revealed academic satisfaction was impacted by job-related factors while job satisfaction tended to be influenced mostly by factors in the general work domain. Demographic factors did not appear to predict job satisfaction and nor did they significantly predict academic satisfaction. The paper outlines some future opportunities for research to better understand the work-school dynamic in the lives of non-traditional students.

Trust, Rewards and Training Impact on Employee’s Work Engagement: An Evidence from Banking Sector

Pakistans banking sector shows a key role in its economic growth. Employee behavior in this sector is greatly affected by job-related factors. The drive of the study was to assess the impact of trust, rewards, and training on WE in the banking sector. Data were collected from a random sample of 150 correspondences through the survey questionnaire. The model of correlation and regression was used to scan the connection between the variables. Results based on the model of correlation and statistical regression revealed that all three factors, including trust, reward, and training, have a positive influence on the WE of the employees. This research is a distinct study of trust, rewards and training consequences on the employees WE from a banking perspective. The outcomes of the study, therefore, have a number of suggestions in the field of human resource for researchers and practitioners.

Determinants of Job Satisfaction and Quality of Life of Korean Public Employees: The Moderating Roles of Family-friendly Policies

삶의 질에 대한 관심과 그 중요성에 대한 인식은 날로 커지고 있지만, OECD, UN 등 각종 삶의 질 조사에서 대한민국은 꾸준히 하위권을 기록하고 있다. 정부는 2017년 공직생산성 제고와 일·가정 양립을 위한 근무혁신을 공표하였다. 이러한 현실을 반영하여, 본 연구는 대한민국 공무원의 동기, 직무, 제도적 요인이 직무만족과 삶의 질에 미치는 영향요인을 규명하였다. 구조 방정식 모형을 통해 공무원의 공공봉사동기, 업무수행자원, 업무자율성, 직무스트레스가 직무만족에 미치는 영향과 이를 매개하여 삶의 질에 미치는 영향관계를 분석하였다. 또한, 제도적요인으로서 유연근무제, 육아휴직제 활용 만족도가 직무만족에 어떠한 조절효과를 미치는지 살펴보았다. 분석 결과, 공공봉사동기, 업무자율성, 직무스트레스는 직무만족에 유의미한 영향을 미치며, 이를 매개하여 궁극적으로 삶의 질에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 유연근무제에 대한 만족도는 업무자율성이 직무만족에 미치는 영향력을 긍정적으로 조절한다는 것을 발견하였다. 본 연구는 그동안 관심이 부족했던 공무원 삶의 질을 이론적으로 조망할 뿐 아니라, 인사관리 실무자들에게 정책적 함의를 제공할 것이다.The purpose of this study is to probe the main determinants of job satisfaction(JS) and quality of life (QOL) in the public sector, as identified in the relevant literature: motivational factor, job-related factors, and systemic factors. Drawing on person-environment fit(P-E fit), job demand-resource (JDR) model, and spillover theory, this study analyzes public service motivation (PSM), job resources, job autonomy, job stress (job conflict and job ambiguity) and family-friendly policies (flextime and childcare) to identify significant antecedents and mediating conditions of JS and QOL. Large data sets from the public employee perception survey 2018 are used to empirically test the direct, indirect and moderating effects of a set of motivational, job characteristics and systemic influences on JS and QOL within the Korean public sector. The research finds that certain predictors, mediators and moderator play major roles in meaningfully diminishing or boosting the levels of JS and QOL. Based on a discussion of the main findings, research and practical implications for public management theory and practice are provided.

Employee engagement antecedents and consequences in Vietnamese businesses

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the antecedents and consequences of employee engagement (EE) in global research and Vietnamese business context.Design/methodology/approachThis review was conducted in the following order: an integrative review for garnering drivers and outcomes of EE in global research, followed by a narrative review for selecting variables relevant to Vietnamese businesses.FindingsIn EE global research, a 3 × 3 findings framework was devised. Three antecedent clusters included the internal environment, job-related and employee-related factors. EE resulted in three outcome clusters: intra-role behaviors, extra-role behaviors and personal development and growth. In Vietnamese businesses, few studies existed on organizational learning and organizational support as EE antecedents, whereas turnover intention was examined the most as an EE outcome.Research limitations/implicationsThe search was limited to EE-related peer-reviewed articles in Business Source Complete and Google Scholar. Literature on Vietnam EE was restricted to ProQuest Dissertations and Theses and Google Scholar because of a lack of literature availability on this topic in Business Source Complete.Practical implicationsKnowing that leadership, HR practices and working environment are important antecedents of EE in Vietnam (Table II) would prompt enterprise leaders and managers to improve the company’s conditions for engaging its employees. This is an important finding because Vietnamese businesses are suffering increasing turnover. Creating favorable organizational support evidenced via career growth opportunities, pay and benefits, company culture, job fit and effective management will stimulate employees to stay and engage.Originality/valueThis study emphasizes the organizational and employee factors in EE research and calls for combined research application to inform EE in Vietnamese businesses, thus providing ground for human resource development researchers and practitioners in their respective work.

How Inpatriates Internalize Corporate Values at Headquarters: The Role of Developmental Job Assignments and Psychosocial Mentoring

Multinational companies (MNCs) often invite foreign subsidiary employees or inpatriates to their headquarters (HQ) to internalize the MNCs’ corporate values and transfer those values to their subsidiaries after repatriation. However, there is a lack of understanding about how and why inpatriates internalize these corporate values during their HQ experiences. By integrating the perspectives of international adjustment and organizational socialization with that of on-the-job learning, we develop a model wherein the job-related and psychosocial factors that inpatriates encounter at HQ promote their internalization of corporate values. Using a sample of 110 foreign subsidiary employee–supervisor dyads from the HQ of a Japanese MNC to which the employees were assigned as inpatriates, we found that developmental job assignments and psychosocial mentoring during inpatriation influenced the internalization of corporate values, which was partially and sequentially mediated by proactive socialization behavior and organizational identification. This study’s findings have significant implications for the theory and practice of inpatriation management, particularly with regard to how MNCs promote the internalization of corporate values among inpatriates.

Melanoma and skin cancers in airline pilots and cabin crew

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun is a major cause of skin cancer, including melanoma which is the most deadly form of the disease. As part of their jobs, airline pilots and cabin crews are exposed to cosmic radiation, and airline pilots may receive UVR on the flight deck, potentially resulting in skin cancer. The authors, based in Australia and the U.K, therefore systematically reviewed all relevant studies to find out risk of, and mortality (death) from, melanoma and other skin cancers in airline pilots and cabin crews. The majority of the 12 studies identified were conducted in the 1970s to 1990s in Europe or North America. They found that melanoma and other skin cancers were around twice as common in pilots and cabin crews as in the general community. Melanoma deaths were also doubled in the pilots but not in the aircrew. Ultraviolet B radiation from the sun is the main cause of melanoma and other skin cancer, but ultraviolet B radiation is not detectable or not increased above ground level values in modern airline cabins and flight decks. Also occupational levels of cosmic radiation among pilots and cabin crew are assessed not to be hazardous. However, high recreational sun exposure (i.e. time in the sun when not working) among airline pilots and cabin crews cannot be ruled out, especially in the existing published studies reflecting sun exposure patterns of previous decades. The authors concluded that airline pilots’ and cabin crews’ high risk of melanoma and other skin cancers could not be clearly attributed to occupational (job related) factors. They called for up‐to‐date studies of the topic.

Motivational Factors Influencing Retention of Village Health Workers in Rural Communities of Bhutan.

Village health workers (VHWs) are the first contact extending vital health services to unreached and underserved communities in Bhutan. VHWs truly embody the principles of primary health care and are effective catalysts in promoting community health. This study identifies and confirms factors motivating VHWs to remain in the health care system. This is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional survey design. Two-stage cluster sampling was used with VHWs from 12 districts representing 3 regions of Bhutan. Data were collected using pretested semistructured questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis was used for data analysis. Findings reveal a 4-factor model of motivations among VHWs that includes social, personal, job related, and organizational factors. Among these, the social factor most significantly motivates VHWs to remain in the health care system. VHW motivation can be further fostered by providing a holistic combination of financial and nonfinancial incentives that recognize intrinsic needs and empower innate altruism.

Evasive knowledge hiding in academia: when competitive individuals are asked to collaborate

PurposeAcademic knowledge work often presumes collaboration among interdependent individuals. However, this work also involves competitive pressures to perform and even outperform others. While knowledge hiding has not yet been extensively examined in the academic environment, this study aims to deepen the understanding of the personal (individual-level) and situational (job-related) factors that affect evasive knowledge hiding (EKH) within academia.Design/methodology/approachA field study was conducted on a nation-wide sample of 210 scholars from both public and private business schools in a European Union member state. A series of paired samplet-tests were followed by hierarchical regression analyses to test moderation using the PROCESS macro.FindingsThe results suggest that scholars hide more tacit than explicit knowledge. The findings also indicate a consistent pattern of positive and significant relationships between trait competitiveness and EKH. Furthermore, task interdependence and social support buffer the detrimental relationship between personal competitiveness and evasive hiding of explicit knowledge, but not tacit knowledge.Originality/valueThe research provides insights into several important antecedents of EKH that have not been previously examined. It contributes to research on knowledge transfer in academia by focusing on situations where colleagues respond to explicit requests by hiding knowledge. The moderating role of collaborative job design offers practical solutions on how to improve knowledge transfer between mistrusted and competitive scholars. The collaboration–competition framework is extended by introducing personal competitiveness and relational job design, and suggesting how to manage the cross-level tension of differing collaborative and competitive motivations within academia.