Rate Of Job Loss Research Articles

Perceived utility of community notification for sexually violent persons (SVP) on supervised release

ABSTRACT Individuals committed under Sexually Violent Person (SVP) laws can be afforded conditional or supervised release (SR) in the community. SR placement is preceded by community notification. The objectives of this study were to assess SR residents’ attitudes toward community notification and their adverse experiences at being subjected to it. Interviews were conducted with 80 SR residents. In contrast to similar samples, participants presented with an overall favorable attitude toward community notification with a majority of participants rating it as fair and having some utility in reducing sexual offending. Threats/ridicule, job loss, and property damage were the top three adverse experiences reported; however, compared to other samples, participants reported significantly lower rates of job loss, property damage, and physical harm. Potential reasons for participant ratings and experiences as well as differences in ratings across similar samples are discussed.

Some Causes of Unemployment and Their Relationship with the Creation and the Destruction of Jobs.

There are substantial societal and economic consequences of unemployment. The effects of job creation and destruction on the unemployment rate are examined in this article. It considers job loss and re-employment rates to provide the authentic unemployment rate. Costs associated with looking for work and salary stagnation are the root causes of structural and frictional unemployment. After that, the article delves into the effects of unemployment, including less GDP, tax money, human capital, and welfare expenditure. Fiscal measures such as public expenditure and tax cuts, monetary easing via reduction to interest rates and the money supply, and structural changes to improve skills and labor mobility are all part of the policy solutions that are described to lessen the impact of these factors. This article delves deeply into unemployment’s origins, implications, and policy solutions. Long-term unemployment causes a lot of problems; therefore, solving them will need policies that are well-coordinated in the fiscal, monetary, and structural areas.

Bibliometric Analysis: Parenting Program During the Worldwide Covid-19 Pandemic

Childcare programmes have been the subject of extensive research. However, research mapping on parenting programmes during the Covid-19 pandemic is still very scarce. Therefore, the purpose of this bibliometric analysis is to compile an overview of childcare research during the Covid-19 pandemic. In this study, a total of 200 articles were collected from the Scopus database related to the theme "Parenting during Covid-19". The results of this study show that there are six clusters in the collected articles. The clusters cover various topics such as additions, articles, depressive symptoms, psychological stress, child abuse, rate of job loss, life during quarantine, as well as various aspects related to parenting during the pandemic. In addition, the second figure shows that these articles were mainly published in 2021. The third figure shows various terms related to parenting during the Covid-19 pandemic such as ADHD, loneliness, psychological stress, and job loss.

Left behind in Covid times: the impact of the pandemic on job loss and job finding rates of vulnerable groups in Serbia

Purpose This paper aims to analyse COVID-19’s effects on job loss and job finding rate in Serbia, focusing on groups with already low employment before the pandemic, such as youth, women, low-educated and rural areas. Design/methodology/approach The authors exploit the panel structure of the Labour Force Survey (LFS) data for Serbia to analyse if the impact of the pandemic on transition probabilities was different for vulnerable groups and their counterparts during the first year of the pandemic. Findings The results indicate that stagnation in overall employment growth in Serbia during the first year of the COVID-19 crisis resulted from decreases in new hiring rather than increases in job losses. However, trends differed for vulnerable groups. Young workers faced the highest increase in job losses, partly due to their higher shares in informal wage employment. In contrast, decreases in job finding rates were particularly high among low-educated and in rural areas. Practical implications After the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, employment opportunities of vulnerable groups further deteriorated, and already existing labour market inequalities were exacerbated. These effects are partially due to policies implemented to mitigate the crisis, which focused on preserving permanent employment while leaving vulnerable workers and groups unprotected. Originality/value The authors investigate the annual effects of the first year of the pandemic in a country with a large informal sector and explore the role of vulnerable groups’ job characteristics in transition changes.

COVID-19 Testing and Resources for Underserved Communities in Rural Tijuana

Flying Samaritans at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, undergraduate student-led organization which provides medical and dental care, prescription medications, and health education resources free-of-cost to two underserved, rural communities in Tijuana, Mexico. Free Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing is not widely accessible in Tijuana. Pandemic-related job loss and high rates of financial instability in the communities create financial barriers which limit COVID-19 test accessibility. The COVID-19 Resources Project was developed to provide free, on-site COVID-19 rapid tests to patients at Flying Samaritans at UCLA’s monthly clinics. This project also offers reimbursement for the roundtrip cost of transportation to vaccination sites for patients who lack access to their own method of transportation, in order to eliminate barriers to getting vaccinated. Lastly, partnerships created with non-profit organizations funded this project and allowed for the provision of additional resources to the patient population. Details regarding this program’s development are provided in order to assist student-run free clinics which may be looking to start their own rapid testing and/or grant-funded projects. Lastly, COVID-19 testing is planned to continue into the future.

Acute respiratory viral infections in active-duty military personnel: Early diagnosis using biometric video analytics

Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) are an important cause of morbidity in the military setting for many decades. It has high rates of seeking medical care and job loss. Due to the stressful living conditions and activities and other abundance of risk factors, the most effective anti-epidemic measures in military teams should be considered the early detection of infected persons and their timely isolation. We used a modern data present a review that focuses on technical level of current software and hardware systems for biometric video analytics and artificial intelligence algorithms, which make it possible to detect early symptoms of infectious diseases. A list of most common symptoms in ARVIs that can be recognized using video surveillance and video analytics was determined. These symptoms can be used as initial empirical data for a comprehensive automated assessment of the person’s individual state parameters. A scheme for the operation of a software and hardware complex for video data analytics for the early detection of infected persons is proposed. This scheme is necessary because some infected persons appear healthy for some time but keep infecting others when they interact with them. The use of independent machine learning based on the principle of a retrospective statistical analysis of locomotor data and other signs identified in infected persons in the prodromal period of the disease can establish reliable diagnostic correlations based on big data. The data accumulation of the features of the preclinical stages of ARVIs using the proposed approach will lead to the formation of a minimum informative set of video analytical signs (markers) that allow them to be reliably recognized in the prodromal period for the purpose of timely isolation and additional examination of the infected persons and to protect non-infected persons. The implementation of the developed direction will improve the effectiveness of anti-epidemic measures through early localization and liquidation of the epidemic.

The Technology Trap: Capital, Labor, and Power in the Age of Automation

The Technology Trap: Capital, Labor, and Power in the Age of Automation

Hereditary Angioedema: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic stress upon disease related morbidity and well-being

Background: Individuals with hereditary angioedema (HAE) experience stress-related sequelae, including enhanced disease morbidity and reduced quality of life. The pervasive societal strain that surround the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may theoretically pose a disproportionate risk for patients with HAE. Objective: To dissect the interrelationship(s) among the COVID-19 pandemic, stress, and HAE disease-related morbidity and overall well-being. Methods: Subjects with HAE (either due to C1-inhibitor deficiency or with normal C1 inhibitor) as well as non-HAE household members (normal controls) completed online questionnaires that covered the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on attack frequency, observed effectiveness of HAE medications, stress, and perceived quality of life and/or well-being. The subjects scored each of the questions to reflect their current status as well as their status before being aware of the pandemic. Results: Disease morbidity and psychologic stress outcomes were significantly worse in patients with HAE during the pandemic compared with before they were aware of the pandemic. A COVID-19 infection further increased attack frequency. Control subjects also experienced deterioration of well-being and optimism. A comorbid diagnosis of anxiety, depression, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was generally associated with worse outcomes. Women consistently showed greater decrements in wellness during the pandemic compared with men. Women also reported higher levels of comorbid anxiety, depression, or PTSD than men and experienced a higher rate of job loss during the pandemic. Conclusion: The results implicated a deleterious impact of stress in the aftermath of COVID-19 awareness on HAE morbidity. The female subjects were universally more severely affected then were the male subjects. Overall well-being and/or quality of life, and optimism for the future deteriorated after awareness of the COVID-19 pandemic for the subjects with HAE and non-HAE household controls.

IMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON DIFFERENT SECTOR OF PEOPLE’S LIVELIHOOD: AN EYE IN CONTEXT OF NEPAL

Being a predominantly agricultural nation, Nepal is dominated by this sector of the economy, which employs thousands of people. When the pandemic hit Nepal, a developing country, there was a concern on a nationwide level since the government was compelled to announce a lockdown that lasted for 4 months employing a variety of tactics, including lockdown, social isolation, quarantine, contact tracking, etc. Because of the lockdown condition, many encountered mental health concerns. When obliged to maintain a specific distance between members of their own family, neuromuscular issues were profound among the people. Therefore, in order to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Nepal’s way of life the case study was carried out. WHO, MoHP, and other organizations’ publications, as well as other secondary sources of information, served as the sole data foundation for this review. Hence, the worst conditions in Nepalese society were reflected in the 25% income reduction and the 5% job loss rate, both of which have an impact on peoples’ capacity to support themselves. In addition, there was a severe dearth of food, especially seed and fertilizer, which contributed to a food crisis and black marketing. By limiting tourism to Nepal, COVID-19 transformed the educational environment and had a negative impact on the country’s economy. Other diverse effects were observed on remittance and local institutions that COVID-19 has exhibited. Benefits for the environment were also obvious.

Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: patients with physically demanding work have significantly worse time to return to work, level of employment, and job loss.

The purpose of this study was to determine the results of arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR) in terms of return to work (RTW). Inclusion criteria were working patients who underwent ARCR for rotator cuff rupture at the study site between 2008 and 2020 and minimum 12months of follow-up. Patients were stratified based on the physical demand of their work according to the Canadian Classification and Dictionary of Occupations. The primary outcomes were time to RTW, level of employment (LoE), change of tasks, and work loss. Secondary outcomes included the return to sports activities, EQ-VAS, EQ-5D-5L, DASH, and Oxford Shoulder Score. Three-hundred and eighty-three patients were enrolled; at the follow-up evaluation, fifty-three patients (13.8%) lost their job, with a percentage of 34.4% (eleven patients) in the heavy-work category, and five patients (1.3%) chose early retirement. Other twenty-six patients (6.8%) had to lower their level of employment, and twenty patients (5.2%) changing their tasks, with 279 patients (72.9%) returning to their previous work activity. RTW was obtained at a mean time of 4.7 ± 4.6months, ranging from 3.8 ± 3.1months in the sedentary work vs 5.8 ± 2.8months in the very heavy-work category (p = 0.015). The mean EQ-VAS score was 77.3 ± 18 points, the mean Oxford Shoulder Score was 43.4 ± 7.2 points, and the mean DASH score was 9.9 ± 14.5 points; 75.3% returned to their previous level of sport activity. The success of ARCR in terms of RTW is not always complete and varies significantly based on the physical demand of the patient's job. Patients with physically demanding work have a significantly higher time to RTW, reduction of the LoE, and job loss rate, thus affecting the possibility to have a satisfactory return to their previous life. The findings are of clinical relevance since they can help the surgeons to give their patients reliable expectations and to correctly plan the post-operative management. IV.

Racial differences in transfusion practices: Time to address structural racism

See article on page 1519–1526, in this issue

The Racial Divide: A Follow Up Study on Racial Disparity Amongst COVID-19 Survivors in an Urban Community.

BackgroundStudies have shown that COVID-19 has had a disproportionate effect on minority groups in both the clinical and social settings in America. We conducted a follow up study on patients previously diagnosed with COVID-19 one year ago in an urban community in New Jersey. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 as well as assess for receptiveness towards COVID-19 vaccination amongst various ethnic groups.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study consisting of patients who had recovered from COVID-19 one year prior. The patients included in the study had a confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis in the months of March and April of 2020. This was a single institutional study conducted at St. Joseph’s University Medical Center in Paterson, NJ from the months of March to April of 2021. Patients included in the study were either male or female aged 18 years or older. Patients who met criteria for inclusion were contacted by telephone to participate in a telephone survey. After informed consent was obtained, the patients completed a survey which obtained sociodemographic information pertaining to their diagnosis with COVID-19. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square testing and multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsOf the 170 patients enrolled in the study, the most common ethnicity was Hispanic (79/170 [46.47%]), followed by African American (46/170 [27.05%]). The gender distribution was 83 male (83/170 [48.82%]) and 87 female (87/170 [51.18%]) with a mean age of 51.5. Caucasians were the most willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (28/30 [93.3%]), followed by Asians (13/14 [92.8%]), Hispanics (63/78 [80.7%]) and African Americans (29/46 [63.0%]). Hispanics had the highest rate of job loss (31/79 [39.24%]), followed by of African Americans (16/46 [34.7%]). Hispanics were found to be in the most financial distress (31/79 [39.2%]), followed by African Americans (17/46 [36.9%]). Chi square analysis revealed Hispanics and African Americans were more likely to lose their jobs after being diagnosed with COVID-19 (p: 0.04). Hispanics and African Americans were also more likely to refuse vaccination with any of the available COVID-19 vaccines (p: 0.02). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis was then performed comparing both Hispanics and African Americans to Caucasians. Hispanics were more likely to lose their jobs compared to Caucasians (odds ratio, 4.456; 95% CI, 1.387 to 14.312; p: 0.0121). African Americans were also more likely to lose their jobs when compared to Caucasians (odds ratio, 4.465; 95% CI, 1.266 to 15.747; p: 0.0200).DiscussionOverall Hispanics reported the highest rates of financial distress after their diagnosis with COVID-19. Nearly 40% of the Hispanic lost their jobs following their diagnosis with COVID-19 which was the highest in our study group. African Americans were similarly affected with about 37% of all patients experiencing job loss and financial distress following diagnosis with COVID-19. Hispanics and african americans were the two ethnic groups who were least willing to receive COVID-19 vaccination. Only 63% of African Americans were willing to receive the vaccine, with 80.7% of Hispanics willing to become vaccinated. The most common reason for not receiving any of the COVID-19 vaccines was due to lack of trust in the vaccine. Both Hispanics and African Americans were more statistically likely to lose their jobs as well as refuse COVID-19 vaccination following diagnosis with COVID-19.

Unemployment Insurance and Opioid Overdose Mortality in the United States.

Over the past two decades, opioid overdose deaths contributed to the dramatic rise in all-cause mortality among non-Hispanic Whites. To date, efforts among scholars to understand the role of local area labor market conditions on opioid overdose mortality have led to mixed results. We argue the reason for these disparate findings is scholars have not considered the moderating effects of income support policies such as unemployment insurance. The present study leverages two sources of variation-county mass layoffs and changes in the generosity of state unemployment insurance benefits-to investigate if unemployment benefits moderate the relationship between job loss and county opioid overdose death rates. Our difference-in-differences estimation strategy reveals that the harmful effects of job loss on opioid overdose mortality decline with increasing state unemployment insurance benefit levels. These findings suggest that social policy in the form of income transfers played a crucial role in disrupting the link between job loss and opioid overdose mortality.

Quality of life from return to work and sports activities to sexual dysfunction after surgical treatment of acetabular fractures.

To evaluate the outcomes of patients treated for acetabular fractures in terms of Quality of Life (QoL), return to work, functional outcome, sports activities, and post-operative sexual dysfunction. The database of a level 1 trauma center was used to investigate the results of patients treated for acetabular fractures from 2010 to 2020. The minimum patient follow-up was 12months. QoL was evaluated with the SF-12 questionnaire, return to work with the Workplace Activity Limitation Survey (WALS), functional outcomes and sports activities with Harris Hip Score (HHS) and Tegner activity scores, respectively, and the sexual function damage with a 0-10 NRS. Sixty-five patients (44 men, 21 women) were enrolled, mean age at surgery of 53.4years (20-85years). The HHS and Tegner scores were 79.0 ± 19.4 and 2.6 ± 1.5, respectively, and 18.5% of patients underwent THA after 21.3 ± 28.6months. QoL evaluated with the SF-12 showed the worst results in terms of Bodily Pain and Role Physical; 35.4% of the patients who were working before the trauma lost their job, and one third was affected at sex functional level. Sex was found to influence significantly both Harris Hip Score (p < 0.05) and Tegner activity score (p < 0.05), with men reporting better scores. On the other hand, men presented a higher impact in terms of job loss and sexual dysfunction. Acetabular fractures affect patients' life as a whole, beyond the mere functional outcomes, often leading to a high rate of job loss and a significant probability of sexual functional worsening, especially for men. A significant number of patients also underwent THA at an early follow-up. Further efforts should aim at optimizing the surgical management, to improve functionality and the entire QoL sphere of patients affected by acetabular fractures.

Financial Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on U.S. Older Adults: Assessing Pandemic-induced Job and Income Loss

The COVID-19 pandemic has greatly impacted the economic security of millions of older adults. Job loss and reductions in personal income were significant in 2020 stemming from pandemic-induced shutdowns that temporarily closed large swaths of the U.S. economy. Yet, the specific financial impacts of the pandemic on older adults, including family care partners, are not well understood. To understand the COVID-19 pandemic’s effects on the health and financial well-being of older adults, we gathered data from the Research via Internet of Technology and Experience (RITE) Study, a longitudinal survey panel providing data from thousands of participants of various ages and backgrounds in the U.S. on their use of healthcare and technology (N=1,365). We measured by population strata including age, sex, and education and other characteristics including caregiver status. Adults between 20-40 years of age experienced the highest rate of job loss and reduction in wages (33%) as a result of the pandemic, while adults aged >70 years experienced the lowest rate (12.5%). However, adults aged 50-60 and 60-70 also experienced relatively high levels of job loss at (28.4% and 25.7%, respectively). Behavior changes and disruptions to typical routines to avoid COVID-19 infections may have contributed to job and personal income loss amongst Individuals aged 50-60 and 60-70. However, these findings suggest potentially high levels of economic insecurity amongst individuals who continue to work into late-life. These results may help policymakers understand how to better tailor interventions and policies to mitigate economic insecurity, particularly for populations disproportionately impacted by the pandemic.

456. The Racial Divide: A Follow Up Study on Racial Disparity Amongst COVID-19 Survivors in an Urban Community in New Jersey

BackgroundWe conducted a follow up study on patients previously diagnosed with COVID-19 one year ago in an urban community in Paterson, New Jersey. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the socioeconomic impact of COVID-19 as well as assess for receptiveness towards COVID-19 vaccination amongst various ethnic groups. MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study consisting of patients who had COVID-19 in the months of March and April of 2020. This was a single institutional study conducted at St. Joseph’s Hospital in Paterson, NJ from March to April of 2021. Patients included were either male or female aged 18 years or older. Patients were contacted by telephone to participate to completed the survey. Chi-square testing and multivariable logistic regression analysis were utilized for statistical analysis.ResultsOf the 170 patients enrolled in the study, the most common ethnicity was Hispanic (79/170 [46.47%]), followed by African American (46/170 [27.05%]). 83 patients were male (83/170 [48.82%]). Caucasians were the most willing to receive a COVID-19 vaccine (28/30 [93.3%]), followed by Asians (13/14 [92.8%]), Hispanics (63/78 [80.7%]) and African Americans (29/46 [63.0%]). Hispanics had the highest rate of job loss (31/79 [39.24%]), followed by African Americans (16/46 [34.7%]). Hispanics were found to be in the most financial distress (31/79 [39.2%]), followed by African Americans (17/46 [36.9%]). Hispanics and African Americans were more likely to refuse COVID-19 vaccination (p: 0.02). Hispanics were more likely to lose their jobs compared to Caucasians (odds ratio,4.456; 95% CI, 1.387 to 14.312; p: 0.0121). African Americans were also more likely to lose their jobs when compared to Caucasians (odds ratio, 4.465; 95% CI, 1.266 to 15.747; p: 0.0200).Willingness amongst COVID-19 survivors to get vaccinated based on ethnicity COVID-19 survivors who lost their jobs following diagnosis with COVID-19 based on ethnicity COVID-19 survivors who are experiencing financial distress following diagnosis with COVID-19 based on ethnicity ConclusionHispanics reported the most financial distress and with nearly 40% losing their jobs, the highest in our study group. 37% of African Americans experienced job loss and financial distress following their diagnosis with COVID-19. Only 63% of African Americans and 80.7% of Hispanics were willing to get vaccinated, mostly due to lack of trust in the vaccine. Statistical analysis showed Hispanics and African Americans were more likely to lose their jobs and refuse COVID-19 vaccination following diagnosis with COVID-19. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Clinical, financial and social impacts of COVID-19 and their associations with mental health for mothers and children experiencing adversity in Australia.

Australia has maintained low rates of SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) infection, due to geographic location and strict public health restrictions. However, the financial and social impacts of these restrictions can negatively affect parents' and children's mental health. In an existing cohort of mothers recruited for their experience of adversity, this study examined: 1) families' experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health restrictions in terms of clinical exposure, financial hardship family stress, and family resilience (termed 'COVID-19 impacts'); and 2) associations between COVID-19 impacts and maternal and child mental health. Participants were mothers recruited during pregnancy (2013-14) across two Australian states (Victoria and Tasmania) for the 'right@home' trial. A COVID-19 survey was conducted from May-December 2020, when children were 5.9-7.2 years old. Mothers reported COVID-19 impacts, their own mental health (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales short-form) and their child's mental health (CoRonavIruS Health and Impact Survey subscale). Associations between COVID-19 impacts and mental health were examined using regression models controlling for pre-COVID-19 characteristics. 319/406 (79%) mothers completed the COVID-19 survey. Only one reported having had COVID-19. Rates of self-quarantine (20%), job or income loss (27%) and family stress (e.g., difficulty managing children's at-home learning (40%)) were high. Many mothers also reported family resilience (e.g., family found good ways of coping (49%)). COVID-19 impacts associated with poorer mental health (standardised coefficients) included self-quarantine (mother: β = 0.46, child: β = 0.46), financial hardship (mother: β = 0.27, child: β = 0.37) and family stress (mother: β = 0.49, child: β = 0.74). Family resilience was associated with better mental health (mother: β = -0.40, child: β = -0.46). The financial and social impacts of Australia's public health restrictions have substantially affected families experiencing adversity, and their mental health. These impacts are likely to exacerbate inequities arising from adversity. To recover from COVID-19, policy investment should include income support and universal access to family health services.

Will Disabled Workers Be Winners or Losers in the Post-COVID-19 Labour Market?

Workplace inflexibility contributes to the higher rates of job loss and unemployment experienced by disabled people. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries already had significant disability employment gaps. Based on evidence from previous recessions, the global recession resulting from the pandemic is likely to have a severer and longer-lasting impact on the employment of disabled workers compared with non-disabled workers. In the UK, there is already evidence that the disability employment gap has widened since the pandemic. On the other hand, the pandemic initiated increased access to home-working, a change in working arrangements that may prove beneficial to disabled workers employed in desk-based roles. Home-working can increase the accessibility of employment and support work retention for disabled workers, yet pre-pandemic many employers had withheld it. Studies of employees’ and employers’ experiences of home-working during the pandemic have indicated a desire to retain access to home-working in the future. A permanent cultural shift to increased access to home-working would help address the disability employment gap for desk-based workers. However, disabled workers are over-represented in jobs not conducive to home-working, and in sectors that have been hardest hit by business closures during the pandemic, so the position of many disabled workers is likely to remain precarious.

Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Preexisting Racial and Ethnic Disparities, and Results of an Integrated Safety Net Response in Arlington County, Virginia.

This paper presents research conducted by the Arlington County Department of Human Services to understand the use of safety net services during the pandemic, identify disparities, and reduce or eliminate them. Arlington County's levels of health and economic wellbeing are generally high; however, residents of color experience significant disparities compared with White residents, with lower median incomes, lower rates of college completion, lower life expectancies, and higher rates of chronic illness. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these disparities were amplified as Black and Latinx residents experienced disproportionately high rates of COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death, as well as disproportionately high rates of job loss. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Arlington County mounted an interdisciplinary response to stabilize community needs, including food security, eviction prevention, isolation housing, behavioral health stabilization, and digital equity. This integrated approach was especially important during the pandemic, as the direct and indirect effects of the pandemic disproportionately impacted health and economic wellbeing among Arlington's Black and Latinx residents, low-income residents, and vulnerable communities.

Long-Term Employment Effects from Job Losses during the COVID-19 Crisis? A Comparison to the Great Recession and Its Slow Recovery

This paper compares predictions for the long-term reductions in the employment-to-population (EPOP) ratio based on estimates of the overall job-loss rate and the long-term effects of job loss with the actual evolution of the EPOP ratio. It took about ten years after the end of the Great Recession for the EPOP ratio to recover from substantial reductions partly implied by job-loss effects. Based on job loss during the COVID-19 crisis through July, the prediction is that 15-37 percent of the reduction of the EPOP ratio in December 2020 is permanent.