Interview Questions Research Articles

Ohpikihâwasowin (grounding and guiding on the path to be a healthy parent): virtual adaptation of an Elders mentoring program to support maternal and child wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThe Elders Mentoring Program (EMP) is part of a strengths-based community-based participatory research partnership with the Cree communities of Maskwacîs, Alberta, Canada. The EMP objective is to promote maternal and child health through traditional Cree teachings and support from community Elders to pregnant women and their partners. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Elders decided to shift the program to an online format in early 2021. The Elders continued to offer mentorship to program participants virtually by Zoom and telephone, and online workshops. The objective of this study was to qualitatively explore the experiences of women that took part in the virtual EMP.MethodsWe utilized qualitative description as our method, informed by our overarching community-led research partnership. Semi-structured phone interviews were conducted by Maskwacîs research assistants (RAs) with 11 women who participated in the virtual program. Interviews were conducted between December 2021 and June 2022. The participants were asked about their perceptions of the program and its benefits. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded by four RAs using thematic analysis.ResultsAlthough cultural teachings are traditionally offered in person, the shift to the virtual platform was greatly appreciated by all the women. Technology can be a useful tool for cultural teachings and language to be shared among community members when they cannot be physically together. Four main themes emerged from the data, representing the participants’ experiences, and learning through their interactions with the Elders from the EMP. The themes are: Ohpikihâwasowin (grounding and guiding on the path to be a healthy parent); Indigenous ways of healing; On the path of cultural learning; and Identity for self and baby.ConclusionThe virtual adaptation of the EMP allowed a space for Elders to offer support to women living in and out of the community to provide guidance with their pregnancies and into motherhood. The workshops and one-on-one calls allowed for cultural revitalization which is critical for Indigenous well-being. All the participants found that the teachings and interactions positively impacted their pregnancy and parenthood. Overall, the virtual program demonstrated a venue for intergenerational healing and resilience.

Investigation on cognition for insomnia and preference for acupuncture in breast cancer survivors: a in-depth interview study

To understand the cognition for insomnia and preference for acupuncture in breast cancer survivors based on the in-depth interview. Thirty breast cancer survivors with insomnia symptoms were collected for in-depth interview. The interview questions included three aspects, i.e. sleep expectation, cognition for insomnia (discomfort caused by insomnia, and underlying inducing factors of insomnia) and the preference for acupuncture (treatment methods used in the past, the reasons for not choosing acupuncture, and the tendency of acupuncture treatment). Using Colaizzi content analysis method, the data was analyzed. Regarding sleep expectation, most breast cancer survivors with insomnia symptoms were able to maintain normal activity in daytime. Insomnia symptoms often led to fatigue, and the inducing factors of insomnia referred to the treatment with endocrine therapy, anticipatory anxiety and inadequate sleep hygiene. All of the patients had received pharmacotherapy. The use proportion of non-pharmacological therapies was relatively low, and acupuncture was not chosen due to "not familiar with" and "fear of pain". Concerning to the preference for acupuncture, patients preferred the therapeutic methods of acupuncture with mild pain sensation and gentle stimulation; and the treatment should be more acceptable if delivered 2 or 3 times a week. Breast cancer survivors have the expectations for sleep, and are willing to receive the treatment with medication for their sleep disorders. Because of lack of the knowledge for acupuncture effect on insomnia and fear of strong needling sensation, a part of patients are unwilling to be treated with acupuncture therapy, but they are expected to receive the treatment with acupuncture while feeling more comfortable.

Long-Term Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life Following Carpal Tunnel Release Surgery.

This study investigates the long-term efficacy of carpal tunnel release surgery (CTR) on patient outcomes. We aimed to assess symptom severity, functional limitations, and quality of life in a large cohort (n = 186) at least five years post-surgery via a retrospective cross-sectional design that evaluated participants using the validated Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) over a phone interview. The BCTQ measures symptom severity, functional limitations, and quality of life specific to carpal tunnel syndrome. Seventy-three percent (73.1%) of patients reported complete resolution of symptoms and functional limitations (BCTQ = 1) with an average follow-up of 11 years. No statistically significant decline in BCTQ scores was observed over time. Univariate analysis revealed a significant association between poorer outcomes and older age at surgery and current unemployment. Carpal tunnel release surgery demonstrates long-term effectiveness in relieving symptoms and improving function in most patients. These findings contribute to the understanding of CTR's impact on patient well-being beyond short-term outcomes.

Lived experiences of children who stutter in their own voices

IntroductionSignificant research has explored the lived experiences of adults who stutter, but less research exists regarding the lived experiences of children who stutter. The opinions and ideas of children who stutter may differ from those of adults, making it important for clinicians and researchers to obtain information directly from children who stutter. Asking children directly can lead to treatment outcomes and research questions that better align with the children's needs and values. Method: Interviews with 18 children who stutter (9 girls/9 boys) ages 8–17 were sourced from the Voices of Children Who Stutter database located at Talkbank.org. Interview questions asked the children about living with a stutter, participating in stuttering support organizations (SSOs), and their perspectives on treatment. Qualitative, phenomenological analysis was performed on their answers following standardized qualitative procedures. Results: Analysis of 910 total utterances yielded 7 themes and 9 subthemes. Themes indicated that the children: (a) had significant knowledge regarding their own stuttering, (b) had opinions regarding what constituted worthwhile treatment outcomes, (c) were clear about desirable clinician characteristics for working with kids who stutter, and (d) saw the benefits of being part of a community. Conclusions: Themes revealed that overall, children who stutter exhibit deep understanding regarding their experiences with stuttering, which clinicians can harness in person-centered goal setting. Additionally, the participants express the importance of participating in stuttering support organizations.

A hopeful future: a qualitative investigation of positive psychological functioning in young mothers

ABSTRACT Aims/Background Young mothers have reported facing specific challenges such as stigmatisation and social isolation, which may be exaggerated by the increasing maternal age in industrialised countries. Despite these challenges, some young mothers have been shown to exhibit resilience and confidence during the transition to parenthood. Using strength-based psychological concepts, this study aimed to identify the facilitators of and barriers to the development of positive psychological states in young Australian mothers. Design/Methods Using semi-structured interview questions, 11 women who had given birth between 15 and 22 were asked to share their experiences of pregnancy, birth, and motherhood. Their responses were analysed using the Framework method; initially coding the data to a priori themes such as resilience and social support, and then to higher order themes. Results Five higher order themes were developed from participant responses: 1. Everything is about to change, 2. Disrespected and disempowered, 3. Resilience, 4. It takes a village, and 5. A hopeful future. Across these themes, participants described the mixed emotional experiences of pregnancy and birth, experiences of stigma from various sources, efforts to maintain mental wellbeing, reliance on support networks, and aspirations for themselves and their children. Conclusion Findings from the current study highlight several key strategies for managing the challenges of early motherhood and promoting positive psychological states. Recommendations include fostering self-efficacy, supporting identity development, and establishing strong support networks across social and healthcare contexts. Recognizing and celebrating the strengths of young mothers is essential for effectively supporting them through the complex experience of motherhood.

In an Imperfect World: Barriers and Facilitators to Educators' Evidence-Based Practice Use for Elementary-Aged Autistic Students in Inclusive Settings.

Educators' use of evidence-based practices (EBP) provides positive outcomes for autistic students in multiple areas of learning (e.g., peer interactions and academic skills) and may promote access and participation in general educational settings. However, many teachers report limited use of EBPs for their autistic students, with inconsistent fidelity. This study sought to understand barriers and facilitators educators identify to implementing EBPs with autistic students in general education classrooms. To understand educators' perspectives and experiences, we conducted a qualitative study with 81 educators who serve elementary-aged autistic students in one state. In response to interview questions based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research framework, educators reported on multiple factors, including the general education environment, access to resources, training in EBPs, and professional collaboration. Implications for practice, training, and research are discussed. Specifically, we address educators' need for increased training and the availability of educator resources.

Evaluasi Penerapan PSAK 24 tentang Imbalan Kerja dan Dampaknya pada Laporan Keuangan Perusahaan Sektor Jasa Kesehatan: Studi Kasus pada PT KMU

Purpose: This study aims to determine the compliance and understanding of PT KMU in implementing PSAK No. 24 of 2018, transparency, and disclosure of information provided by PT KMU to employees regarding the provision of employee benefits, and the impact of the application of PSAK No. 24 of 2018 on PT KMU's financial statements. Research methodology: Qualitative descriptive research was conducted through interviews, observations, and documentation. Results: As a consequence of this study, PT KMU put into effect PSAK 24 of 2018 in compliance with both Indonesian laws and financial accounting standards. PT KMU offers employees full openness and access to information on perks. Applying PSAK No. 24 in 2018 creates deferred tax assets and affects the company's profit margin. Limitations: The limitations of this research are that the interviews with PT KMU informants were conducted simultaneously, and the list of interview questions between informants was the same. Contribution: This research advances our knowledge and comprehension of how to use PSAK 24 of 2018 in compliance with relevant laws and regulations as well as Indonesian Financial Accounting Standards.

Employment discrimination against transgender women in England

PurposeThe study aimed to assess whether transgender women, who were students at a university in London, England, faced hiring discrimination when seeking employment.Design/methodology/approachThree comparable university classmates—a cisgender woman, a cisgender man and a transgender woman—studying Engineering applied to the same job openings. Similarly, another set of three university classmates—a cisgender woman, a cisgender man and a transgender woman—studying Social Work applied to the same job openings. The degree of discrimination was quantified by calculating the difference in the number of interview invitations received by each group.FindingsWhen three comparable university classmates apply for the same job openings, the rate of interview invitations differs based on gender identity. For cisgender women, the invitation rate is 31.3%, while for cisgender men, it stands at 35.1%. However, for transgender women, the rate drops significantly to 10.4%. Additionally, transgender women face further challenges in male-dominated sectors (STEM), where their chance of being invited for a job interview is even lower compared to those in female-dominated sectors, with a reduction of 8.7 percentage points. The study also reveals that firms with written equality policies on gender identity diversity show a 25.7 percentage point increase in invitation rates for transgender women compared to firms without such policies. Furthermore, the research highlights that negative beliefs among job recruiters regarding various aspects of transgender women, including their gender identity status, disclosure, job performance, vocational relationships and turnover, contribute to their exclusion from job interviews. Moreover, for transgender women who do receive interview invitations, these tend to be for lower-paid jobs compared to those received by cisgender women (by 20%) and cisgender men (by 21.3%). This wage sorting into lower-paid vacancies suggests a penalty in terms of lower returns on education, which could drive wage and income differences.Practical implicationsTransgender women received a higher number of job interview invitations when firms had written equality policies on gender identity diversity. This outcome can help policymakers identify actions to reduce the exclusion of transgender people from the labour market.Originality/valueThe study gathers information from job recruiters to quantify the roots of hiring discrimination against transgender women. It also enables an examination of whether workplaces' written equality policies on gender identity diversity are related to transgender women’s invitations to job interviews.

Exploring the suitability of cannabis use with next-day responsibilities: A behavioral-economic and qualitative study.

Cannabis demand is sensitive to next-day responsibilities, such as job interviews; however, it is unclear how demand is affected by non-work-related responsibilities and how reported compatibility of cannabis use (i.e., how suitable one perceives cannabis use to be in a situation) influences demand. This study examined the effects of a range of responsibilities on cannabis demand in a crowdsourced sample of adults who smoked cannabis at least monthly (n = 177; 78% White; 47% women; mean age = 36.52). Participants completed hypothetical marijuana purchase tasks asking how much cannabis they would consume at escalating prices in the context of no responsibilities and next-day responsibilities spanning work, leisure, and caregiving. Cannabis demand was significantly reduced in all responsibility conditions (ps < .008; ds .28-.94), with the largest reductions for the job interview and caring-for-kids conditions. Higher ratings of suitability of cannabis use in each situation were correlated with higher demand. Finally, a qualitative thematic analysis characterized why cannabis use was considered suitable or unsuitable with each responsibility. These results suggest that demand is sensitive to next-day responsibilities. However, these effects are not uniform, and future research is needed to examine these individual differences and the timing of upcoming responsibilities.

Health service utilization, economic burden and quality of life of patients with mucopolysaccharidosis in China

BackgroundPatients with mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) often face delayed diagnoses, limited treatment options and high healthcare costs, that may significantly affect patients' quality of life. The objective of this study was to understand medical service utilization related to diagnosis and treatment, economic burden during diagnosis period, and health-related quality of life among MPS patients in China.MethodsA series of patients diagnosed with MPS registered in the national patient organization were recruited for a cross-sectional survey from May to July 2019. Information were collected from patients or their parents via phone interview, including demographic data, utilization of services related to diagnosis and treatment, total cost during the period of MPS diagnosis and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). HRQoL was assessed by PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scale (PedsQL) and 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) depending on the age of patients with MPS and compared with the general Chinese population.ResultsA total of 180 MPS patients (50, 67, 15, 46, 1 and 1 for type I, II, III, IV, VI and VII), with a mean age of 9.54 years and 137 (76.11%) males, were included in analysis. The mean age at first visit to a medical doctor for MPS related symptoms was 3.65 ± 2.58 years old, while only 12 patients (6.67%) were diagnosed on their first visit. The mean diagnostic delay, which is defined as the time between the first visit to a medical doctor for MPS related symptoms and the final diagnosis, was 9.42 months, with no significant difference between types. The average number of misdiagnosis was 4.56. Before the confirmed diagnosis, the patients made an average of 6.31 visits and visited 4.3 hospitals. During diagnosis period, the mean of ¥81,086.72 direct medical costs accounted for 63.75% of the total cost. Only 32.78% of the patients had ever received specific treatments. The mean scores of PedsQL and SF-36 of patients were significantly lower than the Chinese norms. Household annual income per person, specific treatment use and MPS subtype were significantly associated HRQoL of patients.ConclusionThe results highlight challenges faced by MPS patients in terms of diagnosis, access to specific treatments, economic burden and low HRQoL. There is an urgent need to improve early detection and diagnosis, create fair and consistent mechanisms to increase access to specialized treatment and reduce the economic burden of MPS patients in China.

The role of progesterone and estrogen receptors in treatment choice after endometriosis surgery: A cross-sectional study.

The lack of improvement in some endometriotic people's pain after surgery even while using hormone treatment may suggest an inappropriate response to routine hormonal therapies. This study aimed to determine a cut-off point for selecting the most appropriate treatment based on the hormone receptors of endometriotic lesions. In this cross-sectional study, by reviewing the medical records of participants and testing their archive samples and phone interviews (if needed), 86 symptomatic women after endometriosis surgery who were operated into governmental hospitals, Shahid Faghihi and Hazrate Zeinab Shiraz Iran were enrolled between March 2017 and March 2019. Women were divided into 2 groups: responsiveness (n = 73 for dysmenorrhea, n = 60 for dyspareunia) to medical treatment and surgery, and unresponsiveness (n = 13, n = 7). We examined the pathological slides of 86 women to determine the amount of hormone receptors and the relationship between the type of medical treatment and the level of hormone receptors on pain relief within 1 yr after surgery. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, dysmenorrhea in the presence of tissue estrogen receptors 60% (p = 0.1065), and dyspareunia in the presence of tissue progesterone receptors 80% (p = 0.0001) responded well to medical treatment after surgery. In the presence of endometrioma-dysmenorrhea showed the best response to oral contraceptive pills (69.4%), while in deep infiltrative endometriosis-dyspareunia showed the best response to progesterone treatment (75%). Prescribing an appropriate hormone therapy based on a specific immunohistochemistry staining pattern can improve the life quality of postoperative endometriosis individuals.

Supporting Students’ Physical Activity Self-Efficacy within High School Physical Education

Research examining physical activity (PA) is significant because of the known benefits of PA. Studying high school (HS) students is particularly important due to the consistent decline in PA as students age. One strategy to increase PA is to increase someone’s self-efficacy (confidence) to be physically active which is commonly positively associated with PA. Most of the research on how to support physical activity self-efficacy (PASE) comes from outside-of-school interventions with minimal literature on how to support students’ PASE within HS physical education (PE). This study attempted to identify and share practices that current HS PE teachers were implementing to support students’ PASE and further develop previous recommendations to support PASE. The study participants were 14 current HS PE teachers that participated in one individual semi-structured interview that lasted approximately 50-60 minutes. Interview questions were designed to ask participants about their daily in-person class routines and how they support PASE based on the four sources of self-efficacy. The results include three themes to assist in supporting HS students’ PASE which include: (a) Maximizing initial success, (b) Redefining success, and (c) Increasing PA awareness and monitoring. All themes and examples coincide with previous recommendations on how best to support PASE. PE teachers have the opportunity to design PA experiences that maximize the chances of students interpreting their experiences as successful and allow students to manage their PA participation. Implementing these types of strategies can hopefully increase students’ overall participation in PA by supporting their PASE.

Importance of Internship Programs as a Strategy to Impart Experiential Learning on Graduate

Orientation: Internship prgrma is a training programs designed to equip students and graduates with work experience and skills. Internship programs has been implemented in various fields and has proved to be effectiveal also in public administration. Research purpose: The stusy proposes using internship programs as a strategt to provide experiential learning to graduates in the Limpopo Department of Education. Motivation of the study: There is a need to understand the role internship programs plays in graduates careers, as it will inform the policy makers in the Department to influenve a planning strategy for effectoive internshop programs. Research approach/design and method: The study used a Mixed Methods Approach, which included both qualitative and quantitative methods. A convergent parallel design was used, allowing data to be collected using both methods to gain a comprehensice understanding of the phenomenon. The study's participants include officials and interns from the Limpopo Department of Education's head office in Polokwane. The sample consists of 190 respondents. Data were gathered through close-ended questonnaire and open-ended interview questions. Dara were analysed thematically and descriptive statistics. Main findings: Research results indicate that 47% of respondents believe that internship programs are crucila for the Department in facilitating experientiallearning for graduates. The styd also found that interns can gain skills and experience that will help them kand a job at the end of internship program. Practical implications: The study concludes that effecrive internships require strategic department planning, as they significantly shape futureskilled and competent employees. Contribution/add value: The study adds value to ehnace PublicADministrayion in policy making by generaring and dissemenating new knowlese and ideas about internship programs.

Frequency of non-st segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in acute coronary syndrome among patients presenting with the chest pain in emergency department of tertiary care hospital.

Objective: To determine the frequency of NSTEMI (non- st elevation myocardial infarction) in acute coronary syndrome patients presenting with the chest pain in emergency department of tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Jinnah Post graduate Medical College Hospital Karachi. Period: June 20, 2023. Methods: Enrolling 112 consecutive volunteers was carried out Interview questions focused on the participants' smoking, blood pressure, diabetes, and type of chest pain. Whether or not the participants had ACS, their diagnosis was documented. NSTEMI frequency was computed. Results: We have 112 patients enrolled with mean age was 52.73±14.24 years. Sixty five (58%) were male while forty seven (41.9 %) were females. out of 112 patients 45 (40.1%) were hypertensive, 32(28.5%) were diabetes and 29 (25.8%) were smoker. Among the participants 21 (18.7%) had NSTEMI and showed positive correlation with age, gender, nature of chest pain, hypertension and smoking. Conclusion: Among the individuals, one of the most frequent causes of chest pain was acute coronary syndrome. High suspicion and additional testing are they key tools for early diagnosis and management.

Long-Term Outcome of Motor Functional Neurological Disorder After Rehabilitation.

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is defined as the presence of neurological symptoms that are inconsistent with a neurological disease. We performed a single-center retrospective study aimed at determining the long-term outcome of FND patients receiving inpatient rehabilitation and the predictors of a good outcome. A multidisciplinary graded exercise program was provided with one or two daily physiotherapy and occupational therapy sessions on 5 days each week, as well as weekly psychological support. Outcome was assessed using the motor part of the Functional Independence Measure scale (FIM; maximum score of 91) at admission, discharge, and follow-up, with the last assessment performed by phone interview. The 30 included patients were aged 43.6±14.7 years (mean±standard deviation), comprised 70% females, and received a mean of 4 weeks of rehabilitation. The admission FIM score (80.2±8.3) was significantly lower than the discharge FIM score (86.9±4.6; p<0.001, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). No notable difference was observed between discharge and follow-up FIM scores (85.5±8.5, p=0.54). The mean follow-up of the 36-month FIM scores at discharge and follow-up was dichotomized as a good outcome in cases where all items were scored ≥6 (functional independence). Binomial logistic regression showed that absence of a comorbid psychiatric disorder (p=0.039, odds ratio=10.7) was a predictive factor for a good outcome at follow-up. Other variables (e.g., sex and age) were not significant predictors of clinical outcome (all p≥0.058). These results suggest inpatient intensive rehabilitation for motor FND is effective and produces favorable long-term results. Further studies with larger groups are warranted so that the management protocols can be standardized.

Local Support Practices Contribute into Strengthening Entrepreneurs Capacity

The pandemic severely affected local and small enterprises. During the lockdown, local entrepreneurs suffered due to low earnings and savings, weak informal support practices, inadequate risk transfer measures, and insufficient state recovery policies and budgets. This paper investigates the primary self-supporting practices of entrepreneurs during the pandemic, assesses how available informal support contributed to building resilience, and examines how local entrepreneurs sustained themselves during the crisis. It explores whether local practices such as self-saving, community support, and state assistance were adequate for resilience building. The study employed convenience sampling of over forty-one micro, small, and medium entrepreneurs across various districts in Nepal. Research methods included closed-ended questionnaires, phone interviews, and in-person discussions. Data analysis involved qualitative and quantitative methods, revealing that self-saving was crucial for resilience, followed by risk transfer practices. The study concludes that local self-saving capacities, coupled with community support, significantly enhance resilience among entrepreneurs. However, informal support practices and state policies for pandemic recovery fell short of expectations.

Latina Women’s Perinatal Experiences and Perspectives Around Discrimination, Anti-immigrant Policies, and Community Violence

ObjectiveTo describe experiences of Latina women who were currently pregnant or recently gave birth around discrimination, anti-immigrant policies, and community violence during the early COVID-19 pandemic. DesignQualitative secondary analysis. SettingOnline or phone interviews. ParticipantsLatina women who were currently pregnant or recently gave birth (N = 26). MethodsWe used reflexive thematic analysis to examine transcribed data from semistructured interviews conducted during the early COVID-19 pandemic with a subgroup of participants enrolled in a larger study related to prenatal care. Participants were English- or Spanish-speaking, Medicaid-eligible, Latina-identifying women who resided in Fresno County, California. We analyzed responses to questions about personal discrimination, the Black Lives Matter movement, and immigration policies using the theoretical frameworks of critical race theory and the political economy of health. ResultsWe identified four major themes: Avoidance of Community Engagement, Chronic Fear and Vigilance, The Role of Media, and Everyday Discrimination and Injustice. ConclusionParticipant experiences reflect the pervasiveness of fear and socioeconomic inequity and call attention to the racialized structures that affect health and health care access for Latina women. These exposures during the perinatal period may have intergenerational effects. These findings underscore the need for responsive and race-conscious perinatal nursing care for Latina women, assessment of the effect of the current sociopolitical environment on well-being, and policies that support equitable access to health and social care.

Exploring Patient Preferences for Information About CT Radiation Exposure: Bridging the Gap Between Patient Preference and Physician Practice.

CT scan utilizes ionizing radiation poses a danger to the patient's health. Thus, telling the patient about ionizing radiation would be critical in promoting shared decision-making and improving patient-doctor communication. However, few studies have examined this topic broadly. The study was conducted to identify the frequency of physicians informing patients about the radiation risk before ordering a CT scan, as well as to examine the association between patients' demographic characteristics and their awareness of the radiation risks associated with CT scans. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 387 patients who had undergone CT scans at a tertiary hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected via phone interviews using a structured questionnaire. Chi-squared tests were employed to assess associations between patients' demographic characteristics and their awareness of CT scan radiation risks. When examining knowledge, 58% of patients knew that CT involves harmful radiation. This knowledge was significantly associated with higher education level and previous experience with CT scans. Regarding doctors' practice of providing information to patients about the scan, 344 (88.9%) patients indicated that their doctor had explained to them why they needed the scan. Only 28 (7.2%) patients stated that their doctor had mentioned the amount of radiation, and 74 (19.1%) patients indicated that doctors mentioned the risks associated with the radiation of the scan. Almost all patients (96.9%) preferred to be told about why they needed a CT scan. The vast majority of patients who underwent CT scans did not receive enough information about the harm of the scans. However, most of them preferred to know about this harm.

Discourses of Power and Social Structures: A Comparative Study of Bourdieu and Foucault

This essay critically examines the theories of Pierre Bourdieu and Michel Foucault, particularly focusing on their views of language, power, and discourse. It explores Bourdieu’s concept of language as a form of capital and his notion of habitus, providing practical examples from job interviews. The essay also delves into Foucault’s understanding of discourse and its role in shaping societal norms, using the discourse of ‘madness’ as a case study. Through a comparative analysis, the paper highlights the strengths and limitations of both theorists’ approaches, suggesting areas for further elaboration and clarification.

Enhancing competency-based assessment: Implementing oral boards in nursing education.

Competency-based education, pivotal in nursing programs, emphasizes learning methods over knowledge accumulation, integrating ongoing assessments for performance and outcomes. The American Association College of Nursing introduced competency-based education, urging educators to explore diverse assessment methods. This article explores the implementation of mock oral boards as an assessment method to synchronize performance standards with competencies in nursing education, specifically in preparing nurse practitioner students for clinical rotations.