Job Conditions Research Articles

DAMPAK MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP PRODUKTIVITAS DI PT. SEMEN BATURAJA (PERSERO), TBK SITE PANJANG

Abstract PT. Semen Baturaja (Persero) Tbk, site Panjang is State-Owned Enterprises make to cement industry in Bandar Lampung City. Low productivity in this company, because the company failed to give motivation. The motivation influenced by several factors are administration of company, leadership, salary, employee interaction, and work conditions. From the fifth factors, will be research how much influence to productivity. The research make a questionnaire to employee in department of operation. The result of questionnaire is a qualitative data will be changed to quantitative data by using SPSS program. Based on calculation, the motivation have influence to productivity is 44,80%, and other factors is not researched. From the fifth factors, administration of company and company policy is very influence to productivity. The best solution is give a reward and training to employee, so productivity has to increase. Other factors have influence are leadership, job conditions, salary, and employee interaction.

Female Doctors in Conflict: How Gendering Processes in German Hospitals Influence Female Physicians’ Careers

In German medicine, there is a gap between the increasing number of female medical students and the backlog of women at different turning points of their career. In hospitals, which can be regarded as ‘gendered organizations’, female doctors are confronted with structural discrimination, which is interpreted as gendering processes. In a qualitative, longitudinal study with twenty female physicians who were interviewed three times over the course of 5 years, discriminatory processes were shown on two levels. First, female physicians were categorized as females, and their gender role rather than their professional role as a physician was emphasized. Second, if they were (expectant) mothers, they became even more stereotyped as a female. This stereotyping occurred by reinforcing the conflict between the role of a mother and the role of a professional. It is shown how the women themselves, organizational peculiarities of hospitals, job conditions, and behaviours of male staff members may all contribute to maintaining vertical gender inequality in medicine.

Does God Want Me to Be a Teacher? Motives Behind Occupational Choice of Israeli Ultraorthodox Women

Motives behind occupational choice of graduates in two tertiary training programs for Israeli ultraorthodox (Haredi) women, practical engineering (PE) and teaching (T), are explored. Five hundred and twelve participants (278 PEs and 234 Ts) answered a questionnaire referring to 13 potential work motives. The main findings are as follows: (a) factor analysis reveals that the 13 components cluster into the four composite factors of “intrinsic motive,” “calling motive,” “extrinsic motives relating to job conditions,” and “extrinsic motives relating to effect of choice on society”; (b) t tests show that PEs express higher intrinsic motives than Ts and Ts express a higher sense of “calling” than PEs; and (c) t tests further show that for the whole sample, intrinsic motives are ranked higher than extrinsic motives (relating to both job conditions and society). Discussion suggests counseling and public policy that can lead to more successful integration of Haredi women into the world of labor.

Poor job conditions, not pay, behind switch to agency work for many.

Many NHS staff switch to agency work because of concerns about deteriorating job quality rather than higher rates of pay, research suggests.

Relationship Between Motivation to Lead, Mental Health Status, and Job Satisfaction of Male and Female Civil Police Constables

The purpose of the study was to examine the differences in perceptions of motivation to lead, mental health, and job satisfaction of male and female police constables. Police constables (N = 203, male = 144, female = 59) were surveyed at four districts (Varanasi, Mirzapur, Allahabad and Lucknow) in the state of Uttar Pradesh, Republic of India. Participants’ responses were obtained on questionnaires which measured demographic characteristics, motivation to lead (Dubrin, 1998), psychological well-being, psychological distress (Heubeck & Neill Psychological Reports, 87:431–440, 2000), and job satisfaction (Dantzker’s Journal of Crime and Justice 16:171–181, 1993). Results of t test analysis indicated that job experience, salary, education, motivation to lead, and psychological well-being were significantly different among the male and female police constables. Motivation to lead was a significantly positive correlate of job satisfaction among male participants only while psychological well-being was significantly, positively correlated with job satisfaction of both male and female participants. Psychological well-being also exercised partial mediator effects on the positive relationship between “motivation to lead” and job satisfaction in male police constables only. However, psychological distress was negatively correlated with job satisfaction of male police constables. The findings have significant implications for increasing job satisfaction in the police department. Findings indicate that the government should concentrate on removing anomalies in the job conditions of the female police constables so as to promote psychological well-being. Simultaneously, the police department should also pay attention to conditions which can increase motivation to lead among its female police constables.

Another work-family interface: Work characteristics and family intentions in Japan

Background: Previous research highlights the importance of job and workplace characteristics in the work‒family interface. Nevertheless, we know little about how the specific context of work is related to singles’ marriage and parenthood intentions. Objective: In this study we examine the links between work conditions and family intentions using a representative sample of never-married, childless adults in Japan, a country that is well known for rapid declines in marriage and fertility rates. Results: We find that, surprisingly, work characteristics conducive to less work‒family conflict are rarely associated with stronger desires to marry and have children. For never-married men in Japan, the job qualities most relevant to family intentions are those that imply a bright economic future. Job conditions with the potential for work‒family conflict can be positively related to the desire to marry and have children if they also indicate promising career prospects. Conversely, workplace sociability is highly relevant to women’s marriage and fertility intentions. Never-married women working in more collaborative and interactive environments seek potential marriage partners more actively, want to marry and become parents more, and have higher preferred numbers of children. We suggest that in more sociable workplaces, childless singles tend to be more exposed to earlier cohorts’ family experiences and beliefs and so become more interested in marriage and parenthood. Contribution: This study demonstrates that, in Japan, the work characteristics relevant to single men’s family intentions differ from those that are relevant to the equivalent intentions of single women. In particular, the finding that women working in more sociable environments desire marriage and children more adds to the literature emphasizing the influence of social relations on family decisions in advanced economies, as well as suggesting a new channel through which social relations shape ideas and plans about marriage and parenthood.

Transnationalism and Financial Crisis: The Hampered Migration Projects of Female Domestic Workers in Spain

The importance of transnational migration projects for international development has been increasingly recognized over the past decades. Migrants who move from the Global South or East to work in low-wage sectors such as construction, agriculture or domestic services in wealthier countries may contribute both to growth in the receiving countries and socio-economic development in their countries of origin. Parallel to scholarship on migration and development, research on the transnationalization of domestic work generally assumes that growing care needs and increasing demand for private household services in Western societies imply a continuing demand for migrant labour. However, since the global financial crisis broke out in 2008, unemployment among migrant workers has increased dramatically in many immigrant-receiving countries, Spain being among the most severely affected. Job destruction has so far been lower in the domestic sector than in other sectors occupying large numbers of migrant workers. Yet, we find that migrant domestic workers in Spain are affected by the recession both in terms of unemployment or underemployment and deteriorating job conditions, with transnational consequences such as loss of remittances. Many migrants find themselves in a situation of “standby,” trying to subsist while waiting for the recession to end.

Workplace Stress Induced among Nurses at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, South West Uganda

This study aimed at assessing the factors contributing to stress in nurses’ workplace was conducted at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, South West Uganda. Random sampling method was used to select 50 nurses out of 180 that were on duty when data was collected. The data was collected using self-structured questionnaire. The results show that 25 (50%), said that their job condition is stressful, 5 (5%) said fair, 10% said they have a very poor job condition. 40% agreed that job promotion is done on merit, 20% of the respondents noted that promotion is done based on performance. 20% agreed that it’s done depending on experience while 8% said it’s done basing on vacancies and 12% were other factors. It was concluded that the working condition at Mbarara Referral Hospital present many stressor to nursing staff which include irregular working hours ,poor remuneration, poor communication and co-ordination by the administration. It was recommended that the hospital administration should regularize the working hours, improve on the salary of workers and also improve the communication channels with the nurses.

VP01 Effect Of Early Life Socioeconomic Status On Trajectories Of Chinese Elders Health

INTRODUCTION:China, with the largest aging population which is fast increasing, faces great challenges. Increasingly, researchers are looking at the relationship between whole life conditions from birth to death and health status in old age using a life-course approach. Few researchers have paid attention to developing countries like China where early life conditions were worse than those in western countries in the early twentieth century. China has had a complex social and political history in the twentieth century. This study investigates trajectories of aging and the effects of childhood and adulthood Socioeconomic Status (SES) encompassing education, job and family condition, on oldest-elders physical health in China.METHODS:The data used in this study was from all seven waves (1998-2014) of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey and covered 6,483 respondents aged 80 to105 years in baseline. Measuring the limitation in activities of daily living represents physical health. Group-based trajectory modeling is used to identify groups of individuals with statistically similar developmental characteristics or trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression is used to compare the differences among trajectory groups.RESULTS:Three-group models best fit the data for males and females. Along with increasing age, there was an increase in the limitation in activities of daily living. Some groups changed gradually, while others rose rapidly. Some childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status characteristics influenced trajectory-group membership. For both genders, group one and two had similar childhood socioeconomic status, while higher adulthood socioeconomic status like jobs were associated with less favorable health status. For group three of males suffering the hardest childhood in regard to education, had stable health status instead.CONCLUSIONS:Diversity exists among aging procedure. Childhood and adulthood socioeconomic status influence health conditions of the oldest-elders in complex ways. Education is a remarkably positive factor significantly contributing to better health status.

A Study of Factors Affecting Organizational Commitment among Bank Officers in Pakistan

There has been lesser evidence regarding the factors driving the commitment from countries like Pakistan. The purpose of present research was to find out the factors affecting the organizational commitment of the officers in the banking industry of Pakistan. The hypothesized relationship between variables rests on the foundations of social exchange theory, the perceived organizational support theory, and the Gouldner’s norm of reciprocity. The quantitative data was collected through self-administered closed ended questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled by 47 Grad II officers of different banks in the Metropolitan city of Lahore. The criteria for inclusion in sample were those having passed their probationary period. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. The correlations showed that the strength of relationship between factors affecting commitment and organizational commitment is higher. There are five factors which affect the organizational commitment of bank officers. These factors include organizational rewards both monetary and non-monetary, supervisor support, career development opportunities, work-family support, and favorable job conditions. The results of study may be beneficial for devising such policies as to reduce the employees’ turnover which has been an area of major concern for the human resource professionals especially in the context of Pakistani banking sector.

Percepciones acerca del proceso de búsqueda y contratación de docentes en Chile: nudos críticos e inequidad del sistema

Based on in-depth interviews with school leadership teams, compromised of principals and academic supervisors, from 32 Metropolitan Region recruitment units, this study characterizes the teacher recruitment process, studying practices and preferences in schools with different socioeconomic levels and governance. The analysis of the interviews shows important differences in the perceptions of school leadership teams on the complexity and formality of the recruitment process. Partially subsidized private schools, which belong to a large network and have greater financial resources, show a more complex management process in recruiting new teachers. In all of the schools studied, the resume is complemented by at least one in-person interview. Classroom observations are less common, however, and occur in higher-income schools. Weaknesses in initial teacher training programs, lower salaries, difficult job conditions, and a lack of previous experience in similar contexts are mentioned as factors explaining the failure to attract qualified candidates in low-income schools. Regarding new teachers, their adaptability, vocation and willingness to work for lower salaries are mentioned as advantages in their recruitment. Their disadvantages include group management, authority issues and a lack of diversity management in the classroom. Support and induction processes are perceived as key factors for teacher retention.

Stochastic dozer productivity estimation method

This paper presents the Stochastic Dozer Productivity Estimation (SDPE) method. It integrates dozer production estimating curves and equipment specification obtained from manufacturers, defines the probability density functions (PDFs) of job condition correction factors, executes the dozer productivity estimating format (DPEF) for the user-defined number of iterations, and estimates the best-fit PDFs of productivity and that of total owning and operating (O&O) cost. The method also improves the reliability of the existing DPEF by effectively dealing with the uncertainties of the job condition correction factors and handling the variability of the productivity and O&O cost. Thus, this method allows an earthwork manager to quantify the risk involved in accepting the deterministic productivity and O&O cost computed by the existing DPEF. It simplifies the tedious and burdensome process involved in executing the DPEF and estimating the best-fit PDFs of productivity and O&O cost. The usability and validity of the system in practice were verified through test cases.

Testing the Labor Market Dualism in Korea

The existence of the dual labor market in Korea is tested under the two different definitions of the labor market dualism. First, the estimation results from widely used tools such as Heckman’s sample selection model support the existence of two wage equations, advocating the presence of labor market dualism in Korea. Second, the labor market dualism index suggested by Hudson (2007) supports that there is some degree of bifurcation between the good job conditions and bad job conditions.

Do Good Job Conditions Matter for Wages and Productivity? Theory and Evidence from Latin America

Based on Akerlof and Kranton (2005) In Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(1), 9–32, who argue that group identity and social norms influence individual preferences towards work effort, a model is developed to understand why firms create good job conditions, taking into account the cost of implementing them and their impact on wages and productivity. Then, using individual-level data from the Gallup World Poll for 18 Latin American countries, the main predictions of the model are tested using propensity score matching. We find a positive link between good job conditions and wages when there are several simultaneous signals of a good work environment. We conclude that there is a positive payoff of investing in good job conditions for both workers and firms.

THE PHENOMENOLOGICAL MAKE- UP OF SOLO PARENTS’ DEPENDENTS IN REGIONS 2 AND 3 IN THE PHILIPPINES

INTRODUCTION:A solo is any individual who falls under either one of the categories here, who was left alone with the responsibility ofparenthood due to death of (paragraph2 (a) Section3, RA 8972) and parent left solo or alone with the responsibility of parenthood due to abandonment of spouse for at least one year, (paragraph 7 (a) Section 3, RA 8972). Republic Act No. 8972 an act providing for benefits and privileges to solo parents and their children , appropriating funds therefore and for other purposes. Approved on November 07 2000 during the Eleventh Congress Third regular session in year 2000.Parenting behaviors are known to have major impact on children. But it has proven difficult to isolate the specific mechanism of influence (Johnson, et. al., 2012). In this case, parenting lifestyle impact so much on the behavior of their children, especially, if these parents singlehandedly raise their children. The idea of single parenting is a very sensitive issue in family system. It brings risk factor for emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents. Family may be defined as A family comprising of a single mother or father having their own dependent children . The single family is created in a number of ways, may be death of one parent, divorce, separation due to job or service condition of the spouse (Inatay, Lifestyle Domains of Single Parents, 2013). Thus, if the dominant care giver is the in which the children have residency with majority of the time. If the parents are separated or divorced children live with their custodial and have visitation with their noncustodial parents, a child will end up with the primary caregiver, usually the mother, and a secondary caregiver, usually the father (Sahu, 2013). Today, one-third of American children - a total of 15 million - are being raised without a father. Nearly more than five million children live without a mother (Andersen, 2013).This research focused on the two sections of the law that give emphasis on the whole picture of a solo dependent who is innocent of the cause among their parents parted ways, who was left alone with the responsibility ofparenthood due to death of (paragraph2 (a) Section3, RA 8972) and parent left solo or alone with the responsibility ofparenthood due to abandonment of spouse for at least one year, (paragraph 7 (a) Section 3, RA 8972). These dependents are pondering why their abandoned them. Solo parenting is often a result of annulment of marriages as decreed by a court or by a church as long as she/he is entrusted with the custody of the children, or the spouse is in jail or is serving sentence for a criminal conviction for at least one year, or due to physical and or mental incapacity of spouse as certified by a public medical practitioner; legal separation or any family member who assumes the responsibility of head of family as a result of the death, abandonment, disappearance or prolonged absence of the parents or solo parents (Sec 3, RA 8972).This research was then conducted due to the stated premises that solo dependents are looking and longing for both care and strong parental love.OBJECTIVES:To identify the lifestyles, experiences, challenges, psycho-social behavior, coping mechanism and aspirations of the solo parents dependents.To be familiar with the challenges, coping mechanism and their aspirations in life.LOCALE OF THE STUDY:This study was conducted at Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology, Cabanatuan City, Philippines.SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS:The study was focused on the solo dependents, their lifestyles, experiences, psycho -social behavior and academic performance. The study was conducted during the first semester of academic year 2012 - 2013. Only those respondents that qualified for the provisions of paragraph 2(a) and paragraph 7(a), RA 8972 were included. …

Experts’ tools, altruists, and job-seekers: visions of community health workers in Ethiopia’s antiretroviral centre of excellence

This article reports on research conducted during 2007–2008 within an antiretroviral therapy (ART) programme in Addis Ababa, run as a partnership between NGOs, government health officials, and international donors. Through examination of the discourses of professionals in NGO and government sectors, and of the community health workers (CHWs) who delivered ART support and home-based care, I show how a policy of volunteerism worked on the ground, through complex interactions that generated targeted success: thousands of new patients getting on and adhering to free ART, and living longer. CHWs were variously treated by these other actors as human resources to be managed, as heroic and altruistic volunteers, and as potentially self-interested. CHWs behaved as altruistic and self-sacrificing volunteers, yet also attempted to assert – individually and collectively – their desires to gain employment in order to better themselves and their communities. Much of the growing body of research on CHWs studies down, adopting a human resources mentality and collecting data from CHWs, to help identify policies by which health systems might more cost-effectively use CHWs in the production of better population health. Rather than a critique of this mentality, the research presented here represents a shift to studying both up and down structures of CHW programme implementation and governance, to help understand the varied ways in which CHW programmes in Africa today work, and how CHWs’ interests and power over their job conditions and social policies will evolve.

Music therapists’ job demands, job autonomy, social support, and their relationship with burnout and turnover intention

The purpose of this study was to examine the main and interaction effects of job demands, job autonomy, and social support on music therapists’ burnout and turnover intention. Data were collected from 163 music therapists who were members of the Korean Music Therapy Association or the National Association of Korean Music Therapists. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that job demands had a positive main effect on burnout, whereas job autonomy and social support had negative main effects on burnout. The results also showed that job demands interacted with job autonomy in predicting turnover intention, while social support had a negative main effect on turnover intention. The present study contributes to the development of a more comprehensive understanding of music therapists’ job conditions and offers suggestion for redesigning their job requisites as well as improving job resources as a means to prevent and decrease burnout and turnover intention.

How Changes in Psychosocial Job Characteristics Impact Burnout in Nurses: A Longitudinal Analysis.

Aims: The main aim of this longitudinal study was to test the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model and to analyze whether changes in psychosocial job characteristics are related to (changes in) burnout.Background: Previous studies on the effects of JDCS variables on burnout dimensions have indicated that the iso-strain hypothesis (i.e., high job demands, low control, and low support additively predict high stress reactions) and the buffer hypotheses (i.e., high job control and/or social support is expected to moderate the negative impact of high demands on stress reactions) have hardly been examined concurrently in a longitudinal design; and that the effects of changes of psychosocial job variables on burnout dimensions have hardly been analyzed.Design: This two wave study was carried out over a period of 14 months in a sample of 217 Italian nurses.Method: Hierarchical regression analyses were used to test the cross lagged main and interactive effects of JDCS variables, and to analyse the across-time effects of changes in JDCS dimensions on burnout variables.Results: The Time 1 job characteristics explained 2–8% of the variance in the Time 2 burnout dimensions, but no support for the additive, or the buffer hypothesis of the JDCS model was found. Changes in job characteristics explained an additional 3–20% of variance in the Time 2 burnout dimensions. Specifically, high levels of emotional exhaustion at Time 2 were explained by high levels of social support at Time 1, and unfavorable changes in demands, control, and support over time; high depersonalization at Time 2 was explained by high social support at time 1 and by an increase in demands over time; and high personal accomplishment at Time 2 was predicted by high demands, high control, interactive effect demands × control × social support, at Time 1, and by a decrease in demands over time. No reversed effects of burnout on work characteristics have been found.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the work environment is subject to changes: the majority of employees experienced considerable changes in all job conditions over time. These changes impacted employee burnout. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed.

WPŁYW WYBRANYCH CZYNNIKÓW SOCJOMEDYCZNYCH NA JAKOŚĆ ŻYCIA I FUNKCJONOWANIE PSYCHOSEKSUALNE KOBIET PO LECZENIU OPERACYJNYM RAKA GRUCZOŁU PIERSIOWEGO

According to the National Cancer Registry, 16 534 new cases of breast cancer were confirmed in 2011 in Poland. Surgical treatment poses not only a serious oncological problem, but also a cosmetic and psychological one. Women fear they will lose their femininity and sexual attractiveness after the surgery. They feel defective (half woman complex) and they experience such feelings as shame, anger and depression. Sexuality is a sphere of life that is particularly susceptible to all kinds of perturbation of physical and mental states. The main cognitive objective of the presented research is the analysis of life quality level and mental and sexual functioning of women who underwent breast cancer surgical treatment. The research was carried out from October 2013 to February 2014 among 250 adult women who underwent breast cancer surgery. The questionnaire includes questions regarding sociomedical and sociosexology questions, and five standardised research tools: Life Quality Questionnaire SF-36 v. 2, licence No. QM020862, Mell-Krat Questionnaire prepared by Z. Lew-Starowicz, Female Sexual Function Index Questionnaire, A List of Health Behaviours by Z. Juczyński, Courtauld Emotional Control Scale (CECS) adapted by Z. Juczyński. The research received a positive opinion from the Bioethical Commission of The Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. On the basis of the conducted research and statistical analyses it was found that the extensiveness of the surgical procedure, the effectiveness of oncological treatment, age, the number of children, education, material conditions, and the occupational status of the subject women have an impact on life quality and psychosexual functioning. Women who underwent mastectomy with reconstruction of the mammary gland gained higher results in comparison to women who underwent mastectomy without reconstruction as regards physical and mental functioning within life quality. The respondents who had their oncological treatment completed were featured with a lower intensity of sexual dysfunctions than women who had their treatment in progress. The participants of the research with higher educational level, high material status and stable job condition had higher indicators of health behaviours intensity than women with lower material status and lower educational level.

The effects of temporary agency work contract transitions on well-being.

Theoretical and empirical research has provided mixed arguments and evidence for the effects of temporary agency work on workers' well-being. This study aims to go one critical step further by comparing the workplace and general well-being of workers who continue to have this employment status with others who obtain a direct contract and others who remain unemployed. Temporary agency workers longitudinal data (n=289) was used, and three groups were compared: (1) maintaining a temporary agency contract (n=187), (2) obtaining a direct contract (n=57), and (3) remaining unemployed (n=45). Covariance analyses adjusted for background variables showed that those who obtained a direct contract experienced a decrease in job insecurity but experienced an increase in job demands, while those who continued to have a temporary agency contract maintained these job conditions. However, in terms of workplace well-being, the temporary agency contract was not found to be more detrimental than a direct contract, but in terms of life satisfaction, unemployment was found to be more detrimental than other transitions. A temporary agency contract does not have an inevitable negative effect on workers' well-being.