Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis Of Statistics Assessment And Review Instrument Research Articles

The effect of dietary sodium modification on blood pressure in adults with systolic blood pressure less than 140 mmHg: a systematic review.

Modifying dietary sodium intake is a cornerstone of diet advice for lowering blood pressure (BP) under the assumption that it is protective against cardiovascular disease. Previous meta-analyses of normotensive participants have not excluded all studies that recruited participants with systolic blood pressure (SBP) > 140 mmHg, which greatly hinders generalization to the wider normotensive population. The objective of this review was to identify the effectiveness of reducing or increasing sodium intake on BP in normotensive participants with SBP ≤ 140 mmHg. This review considered studies on adult participants (≥18 years) with SBP ≤ 140 mmHg. Studies on pregnant women or patients prescribed antihypertensive or vasoactive medications were excluded. Interventions that quantitatively evaluated dietary sodium intake for equal to or greater than four weeks duration were considered. Only studies that included two study arms comprising different levels of sodium intake were included. Studies that reported SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), pulse wave analysis or flow mediated dilatation were considered. Experimental study designs including randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials were considered. An initial search strategy was conducted on databases MEDLINE and CINAHL before an extensive search of all relevant published and gray literature databases, and clinical trial registries were searched. Potential papers were assessed for methodological validity using the standardized critical appraisal instrument from the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI). Quantitative data were extracted from papers using the standardized data extraction tool from JBI-MAStARI. Quantitative data were pooled in statistical meta-analysis. Effect sizes were expressed as weighted mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effect model, and heterogeneity assessed statistically using the standard Chi-square test and the I index. A priori sub-group analysis was undertaken on studies achieving ≥40 mmol versus <40 mmol in urinary sodium excretion and post hoc on studies with a mean body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 versus less than 30. Five trials were included with a total of 1214 participants. The overall reduction in SBP was -0.71 mmHg (95% CI: -2.62, 1.20, P = 0.47) and DBP -0.57 mmHg (95% CI: -1.26, 0.12, P = 0.10). There was no significant change in PWV following reduction of dietary sodium over a four to six-week period. Sub-group analysis did not find a significant effect of urinary sodium excretion or BMI on outcomes; however, a trend toward a greater reduction in BP was observed in those with a higher BMI (MD -2.41, 95% CI -5.72, +0.91, P = 0.16). Blood pressure in normotensive participants was not significantly affected by sodium modification and was controlled to within 1% of baseline values. Reducing dietary sodium in normotensive participants may still be of importance for cardiovascular risk management; however, good quality interventional research is limited.

Interventions for improving the research literacy of nurses: a systematic review

Despite the importance of research literacy for nurses, many nurses report feeling unable to effectively read and understand research, which in turn results in lower research utilization in practice. Nurses themselves identify poor experiences with trying to understand and use research as factors that contribute to a reluctance to utilize research. This reluctance often leads nurses to seek other sources of information, such as colleagues, instead. The objective of this review was to identify the effectiveness of research literacy interventions on the research literacy of registered nurses. Registered nurses.Interventions of interest were those that evaluated the effectiveness of workplace educational programs or interventions conducted in a healthcare organization or tertiary-level educational facility aiming to improve or increase registered nurses' understanding of research literature.Outcomes of interest were research literacy, measured explicitly or as research knowledge, research understanding, use of research evidence in practice, and/or ability to critically appraise research.We considered experimental study designs such as randomized controlled trials, nonrandomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, and before and after studies. A wide range of databases were searched in order to provide the most complete possible review of the evidence. Initial keywords used were: "research litera*", "research education", "research knowledge", "evidence-based practice education". Papers selected for retrieval were assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological validity prior to inclusion in the review using standardized critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI). Data were extracted from papers included in the review using the standardized data extraction tool from JBI-MAStARI. Quantitative data would have been, if possible, pooled in statistical meta-analysis using the Cochrane Collaboration's Review Manager 5.2 software. As statistical pooling was not possible, the findings are presented in narrative form including tables and figures where appropriate to aid in data presentation. The majority of included studies were single-group pre-test/post-test designs (n=7). One was a post-test only two-group comparison and two were two-group quasi-experimental studies. Included studies were conducted in Taiwan, Japan, Hong Kong, Australia, United Kingdom and United States. The total number of registered nurses in the included studies was 453. The educational interventions were conducted in universities (n=6) and healthcare facilities (n=4). Most included studies were published (n=9), with one unpublished study. The evidence on educational interventions, while not strong, is indicative of the types of interventions which are likely to be effective. Online or face-to-face interventions using interactive teaching strategies, such as activities, role-play and discussions, and which are underpinned by an appropriate behavioral or education theory, are likely to increase research literacy. More rigorous experimental studies of educational interventions for nurses' research literacy are warranted, in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of different course and program designs. Future studies should consider longer periods of follow-up to test the longevity of the effect, as education needs to have lasting effects to be beneficial to the recipients.

Which Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors are Associated with Non-Contact Injuries in Adult Cricket Fast Bowlers?

The high prevalence of injury amongst cricket fast bowlers exposes a great need for research into the risk factors associated with injury. Both extrinsic (environment-related) and intrinsic (person-related) risk factors are likely to be implicated within the high prevalence of non-contact injury amongst fast bowlers in cricket. Identifying and defining the relative importance of these risk factors is necessary in order to optimize injury prevention efforts. The objective of this review was to assess and summarize the scientific literature related to the extrinsic and intrinsic factors associated with non-contact injury inherent to adult cricket fast bowlers. A systematic review was performed in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines. This review considered both experimental and epidemiological study designs. Studies that included male cricket fast bowlers aged 18 years or above, from all levels of play, evaluating the association between extrinsic/intrinsic factors and injury in fast bowlers were considered for inclusion. The three-step search strategy aimed at finding both published and unpublished studies from all languages. The searched databases included MEDLINE via PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register in the Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), ProQuest 5000 International, ProQuest Health and Medical Complete, EBSCO MegaFile Premier, Science Direct, SPORTDiscus with Full Text and SCOPUS (prior to 28 April 2015). Initial keywords used were 'cricket', 'pace', 'fast', 'bowler', and 'injury'. Papers which fitted the inclusion criteria were assessed by two independent reviewers for methodological validity prior to inclusion in the review using standardized critical appraisal instruments from the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI). A total of 16 studies were determined to be suitable for inclusion in this systematic review. The mean critical appraisal score of the papers included in this study was 6.88 (SD 1.15) out of a maximum of 9. The following factors were found to be associated with injury: bowling shoulder internal rotation strength deficit, compromised dynamic balance and lumbar proprioception (joint position sense), the appearance of lumbar posterior element bone stress, degeneration of the lumbar disc on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and previous injury. Conflicting results were found for the association of quadratus lumborum (QL) muscle asymmetry with injury. Technique-related factors associated with injury included shoulder-pelvis flexion-extension angle, shoulder counter-rotation, knee angle, and the proportion of side-flexion during bowling. Bowling workload was the only extrinsic factor associated with injury in adult cricket fast bowlers. A high bowling workload (particularly if it represented a sudden upgrade from a lower workload) increased the subsequent risk to sustaining an injury 1, 3 or 4 weeks later. Identifying the factors associated with injury is a crucial step which should precede the development of, and research into, the effectiveness of injury prevention programs. Once identified, risk factors may be included in pre-participation screening tools and injury prevention programs, and may also be incorporated in future research projects. Overall, the current review highlights the clear lack of research on factors associated with non-contact injury, specifically in adult cricket fast bowlers. Johanna Briggs Institute Database of Systematic Reviews and Implementation Reports 1387 (Olivier et al., JBI Database Syst Rev Implement Rep 13(1):3-13. doi: 10.11124/jbisrir-2015-1387 , 2015).

The factors influencing utilization of hospital services by adult sickle cell disease patients: a systematic review protocol

The factors influencing utilization of hospital services by adult sickle cell disease patients: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in premature and very low birth weight infants: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of interventions to prevent hypothermia at birth in premature and very low birth weight infants: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of sleep education programs in improving sleep hygiene knowledge, sleep behavior practices and/or sleep quality of college students: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of sleep education programs in improving sleep hygiene knowledge, sleep behavior practices and/or sleep quality of college students: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of acute pain management for opioid tolerant or opioid dependent patients: a systematic review protocol.

REVIEW QUESTION / OBJECTIVE What is the effectiveness of strategies and interventions to manage acute pain in patients who are identified as having a tolerance to or dependence on opioids? The objective of the review is to establish the effectiveness of pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies and interventions to manage acute pain in patients who are identified as having a tolerance to or dependence on opioids. INCLUSION CRITERIA Types of participants This review will consider studies that include patients over the age of 18 years who have presented to a hospital or health care facility requiring management for acute pain, and are identified within the studies as having a dependence or tolerance to opioids. This includes but is not limited to patients with a history of: Dependence or tolerance of opioids Recreational opioid use Substance addiction Opioid replacement therapy. Patients may have a history of chronic pain or cancer pain; however the pain being treated must also be classified as new in diagnosis and not an increase of pre-existing pain. Patients who are classified as palliative will be excluded from the systematic review. Types of intervention(s) This review will consider studies that focus on interventions and strategies aimed at effectively managing acute pain in opioid tolerant patients. Interventions and strategies may include but are not limited to: Types/combinations of analgesia which may include: morphine, semisynthetic derivatives such as oxycodone and hydromorphone and totally synthetic derivatives such as fentanyl and methadone. Combinations of opioids and non-opioids; non-opioids will also be considered Patient TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS

The effectiveness of structured multidisciplinary rounding in acute care units on length of hospital stay and satisfaction of patients and staff: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of structured multidisciplinary rounding in acute care units on length of hospital stay and satisfaction of patients and staff: a systematic review protocol

Frailty indices as a predictor of postoperative outcomes: a systematic review protocol

Frailty indices as a predictor of postoperative outcomes: a systematic review protocol

Swallowing outcomes following primary surgical resection and primary free flap reconstruction for oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: a systematic review protocol

Swallowing outcomes following primary surgical resection and primary free flap reconstruction for oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of essential fatty acid, B vitamin, Vitamin C, magnesium and zinc supplementation for managing stress in women: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of essential fatty acid, B vitamin, Vitamin C, magnesium and zinc supplementation for managing stress in women: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of intravaginal vitamin C versus placebo for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of intravaginal vitamin C versus placebo for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review protocol

The role of unregistered healthcare workers in preventing readmission to hospital: a systematic review protocol

The role of unregistered healthcare workers in preventing readmission to hospital: a systematic review protocol

The association between constipation and quality of life, health related quality of life and health status in adults: a systematic review protocol

The association between constipation and quality of life, health related quality of life and health status in adults: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of tranexamic acid at reducing postoperative blood loss following cesarean section: a systematic review of quantitative evidence protocol

The effectiveness of tranexamic acid at reducing postoperative blood loss following cesarean section: a systematic review of quantitative evidence protocol

The effectiveness of early psychosis programming for young women: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of early psychosis programming for young women: a systematic review protocol

The clinical effectiveness of a nurse practitioner versus a non-nurse practitioner on hospital admissions of older adults residing in skilled or long-term care nursing facilities: a systematic review protocol

The clinical effectiveness of a nurse practitioner versus a non-nurse practitioner on hospital admissions of older adults residing in skilled or long-term care nursing facilities: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of interventions to improve access to and utilization of prenatal care: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of interventions to improve access to and utilization of prenatal care: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of topical skin products in the treatment and prevention of incontinence-associated dermatitis: a systematic review protocol.

Background Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is inflammation of the skin resulting from repeated contact with urine and/or feces. It causes pain, redness, swelling and excoriation, and may lead to complications such as fungal skin infections and pressure injuries. It is important to prevent and treat IAD to avoid complications and improve patient outcomes. A number of products are available for protecting skin, but evidence on their effectiveness is limited. Objectives The current review aimed to establish the effectiveness of topical skin products in reducing the occurrence and/or severity of IAD. Inclusion criteria Types of participants Adult patients over the age of 18 years with incontinence and/or diarrhea. Types of intervention Topical skin products as individual interventions or part of a skin care regimen.Types of studiesBoth published and unpublished study designs including randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, before and after, prospective and retrospective cohort, case-control, analytical cross-sectional, descriptive study designs including case series, individual case reports and descriptive cross-sectional studies across all care settings for inclusion. Outcomes The primary outcome of interest was the absence or non-development, reduction or resolution, new development or increase in the occurrence of IAD or the increase in severity of IAD. The secondary outcome was any adverse effect caused by the skin care products used. Search strategy A three-step search strategy to find both published and unpublished papers was utilized in this review. Studies were limited to those published in English from 1980 to 2016. Methodological quality Papers selected were assessed by two independent reviewers using the Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI).Data extractionData were extracted using the standardized data extraction tool in JBI-MAStARI. The data extracted included specific details about the interventions, populations, study methods and outcomes. Data synthesis Studies were assessed for methodological quality and statistical significance to determine validity and generalizability of study results. It was not possible to pool studies to conduct meta-analysis or test for heterogeneity. Results There were a limited number of clinical trials that compared products for efficacy in preventing and treating IAD. Assessment tools and severity scores used to measure skin damage outcomes were dissimilar and prone to subjectivity. It was difficult to ascertain superiority of any individual product. Conclusion Information on barrier protective efficacy, side effects and cost can be valuable to both clinicians and care providers. More randomized controlled trials on product effectiveness for prevention and treatment of IAD are highly recommended.

The effectiveness of topical skin products in the treatment and prevention of incontinence-associated dermatitis: a systematic review protocol

The effectiveness of topical skin products in the treatment and prevention of incontinence-associated dermatitis: a systematic review protocol