Joan Thirsk Research Articles

SHORTER NOTICES

SHORTER NOTICES Get access JOAN THIRSK JOAN THIRSK Hadlow, Kent Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CX, Issue 435, February 1995, Pages 272–273, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CX.435.272-b Published: 01 February 1995

The Estates of the English Crown, 1558-1640

List of tables Acknowledgements List of abbreviations List of Pubic Record Office classes cited 1. Introduction: aspects of the Crown's estate, c. 1558-1640 Richard Hoyle 2. The Elizabethan Crown lands their purposes and problems David Thomas 3. The Elizabethan Duchy of Cornwall, an estate in stasis Graham Haslam 4. Exchequer officials and the market in Crown property, 1558-1640 Madeleine Gray 5. Power, patronage and politics: office-holding and administration on the Crown's estates in Wales Madeleine Gray 6. Tenure on the Elizabethan estates Richard Hoyle 7. Leases of Crown lands in the reign of Elizabeth I David Thomas 8. Customary tenure on the Elizabethan estates Richard Hoyle 9. 'Shearing the hog': the reform of the estates, c. 1598-1640 Richard Hoyle 10. Jacobean Phoenix: the Duchy of Cornwall in the principates of Henry Frederick and Charles Graham Haslam 11. The Crown as projector on its own estates, from Elizabeth I to Charles I Joan Thirsk 12. Disafforestation and drainage: the Crown as entrepreneur? Richard Hoyle 13. From swanimote to disafforestation: Feckenham Forest in the early seventeenth century Peter Large 14. Reflections on the history of the Crown lands, 1558-1640 Richard Hoyle Index.

English Rural Society, 1500-1800: Essays in Honour of Joan Thirsk

Acknowledgements Introduction John Chartres and David Hey 1. Joan Thirsk: a personal appreciation Alan Everitt 2. The Verneys as enclosing landlords, 1600-1800 John Broad 3. Estate management in eighteenth-century England: the Lowther-Spedding relationship in Cumberland John Beckett 4. 'Vain projects': the Crown and its copyholders in the reign of James I Richard Hoyle 5. Rural society and agricultural change: Ombersley 1580-1700 Peter Large 6. The limitations of the probate inventory Margaret Spufford 7. Freebench and free enterprise: widows and their property in two Berkshire villages Barbara Todd 8. Wives and wills 1558-1700 Mary Prior 9. The horse trade of Shropshire in the early modern period Peter Edwards 10. 'An essay on manures': changing attitudes to fertilization in England, 1500-1800 Donald Woodward 11. Root crops and the feeding of London's poor in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries Malcolm Thick 12. 'Thirty years on': progress towards integration amongst the immigrant population of Elizabethan London Andrew Pettegree 13. No English Calvados? English distillers and the cider industry in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries John Chartres 14. The origins and early growth of the Hallamshire cutlery and allied trades David Hey 15. Joan Thirsk: a bibliography Margery Tranter Index.

:English Rural Society 1500-1800: Essays in Honour of Joan Thirsk

:<i>English Rural Society 1500-1800: Essays in Honour of Joan Thirsk</i>

English Rural Society, 1500-1800: Essays in Honour of Joan Thirsk.

English Rural Society, 1500-1800: Essays in Honour of Joan Thirsk.

JOAN THIRSK (ed.), The Agrarian History of England and Wales, Volume II, 1042-1350. Edited by H.E. Hallam. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1988, pp. xxxix and 1086, £90.00).

JOAN THIRSK (ed.), <i>The Agrarian History of England and Wales, Volume II, 1042-1350.</i> Edited by H.E. Hallam. (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1988, pp. xxxix and 1086, £90.00).

Bringing It All Together: Medieval English Economic History in Transition - The Agrarian History of England and Wales. Edited by Joan Thirsk. Vol. 2: 1042–1350. Edited by H. E. Hallam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp. xxxix + 1086. $135.00. - The Other Economy: Pastoral Husbandry on a Medieval Estate. By Kathleen Biddick. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California

Bringing It All Together: Medieval English Economic History in Transition - The Agrarian History of England and Wales. Edited by Joan Thirsk. Vol. 2: 1042–1350. Edited by H. E. Hallam. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988. Pp. xxxix + 1086. 37.00. - Volume 30 Issue 2

English rural society, 1500-1800: Essays in honour of Joan Thirsk

(1991). English rural society, 1500-1800: Essays in honour of Joan Thirsk. History: Reviews of New Books: Vol. 19, No. 4, pp. 159-160.

Tenure and the land market in early modern England: or a late contribution to the Brenner debate

B renner's purpose in his original article in Past and Present was to explain the various routes and speeds by which different European regions developed capitalist forms of agricultural organization.2 In doing so, he argued for the centrality of the 'agrarian class structure', that is the balance of class relationships within the countryside, in dictating developments. This article will not attempt to discuss the whole model but will offer a critique of Brenner's account of the English experience in the early modern period (and suggest that agrarian class structure alone is not an adequate explanatory device) before proposing an alternative route to the future which, in one sense, turns Brenner's views upside down. I shall probe the limits of our knowledge and, where knowledge fails, offer speculation as a stimulus to future research. The speculation may prove to be ill founded. As Shaw remarked when championing Elgar and Cockaigne, to offer it may be to damn myself 'to all critical prosperity with a gaffe that will make your grandson blush for you'.3 But the risk is one I am happy to take. Brenner regarded the existence of large commercial farms, held on lease from absentee rentier landlords and worked by hired wage labour, as the distinctive feature of the eighteenth-century English countryside. He accepted the estimate of Mingay and Thompson that by c. I700 English landlords controlled 70-75 per cent of the cultivable area of England and he equated this with the area farmed by large, market-orientated enterprises.4 These farms produced for a national if not an international market. They represented a marked contrast with French agriculture in which peasants, that is small scale, subsistence farmers, continued to predominate until a much later date. The large English farms were, in Brenner's analysis, created by a deliberate landlord policy which was aided if not abetted by the Crown, which was permitted by the destruction of the property rights of the English peasantry, and which entailed the expropriation of their land. 'With the peasants' failure to establish essentially freehold control over the land, the landlords were I An earlier version of this paper was read to the seminar on late medieval and early modern economic history, All Souls College, Oxford in i987: in making revisions I am grateful for the comments I received then and for the criticisms of Drs Joan Thirsk and Bridget Taylor and Professor D. M. Palliser. Many of the issues raised in this paper form the subject of the writer's continuing research. 2 Brenner, 'Agrarian class structure'. 3 Shaw's Music III (i893-1950), ed. Laurence, p. 722. 4 While the figure is perhaps of the right order (though it conceals large regional variations), the equation of landlord control with a specific type of farm is unsound.

Shorter Notices

Shorter Notices Get access JOAN THIRSK JOAN THIRSK St Hilda's CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CIV, Issue CCCCX, January 1989, Pages 207-a–207, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CIV.CCCCX.207-a Published: 01 January 1989

Conspicuous Consumption and Working-Class Culture in late-Victorian and Edwardian Britain

In the last decade, as economic orthodoxy has shifted from a Keynesian–influenced study of demand towards the monetarist concern for the supply side in the economy, so history seems to have moved in the opposite direction. After many years studying the role of production and supply in the economic development of Britain, historians have belatedly turned their attention to demand, and have been discovering, or rediscovering, the history of consumption. The advent of consumerism in Britain has been positively identified by Joan Thirsk in the seventeenth century, and by Neil McKendrick in the eighteenth. Putting a date to the consumer revolution has become a highly competitive business; W. Hamish Fraser, and before him Peter Mathias, have identified just such a transformation in the second half of the nineteenth century, while Derek Aldcroft prefers to locate this change in the inter–war years.

Introduction from Above: Intentional Spread of Common-Field Systems by Feudal Authorities Through Colonization and Reorganization

In my paper I will try to challenge the prevalent conceptions of the origin and dating of the common-field system on two points: (1): The claim of Joan Thirsk for Britain and of Helmut Hildebrandt for Germany of an origin in the high Middle Ages---12th or at the earliest 10th century-is wrong1. The common-field system was in some continental core regions well developed by the 8th century. (2): Most scholars who worked on the orgins of common-field systems, give highest priority to an evolution on the level of field neighbours or parceners of furlongs, and of village communities for the village fields. This evolution could be called introduction from below, in contrast to an introduction from above, through the institution of lordship-the local feudal lord, territorial lordship or the Crown. Their role has, as Bruce Campbell stressed, been underestimated2. I shall give examples from Central Europe which will demonstrate and underline the important role of authorities above the village level for the introduction of common fields. Most adherents of an introduction from below agree upon two points: Common-field systems evolved in an almost natural way under growing population pressure, which-increased by partible inheritance-leads to fragmentation of plots, piecemeal colonization of new fields, increasing intermingling of property. This process finally necessitates cooperation of field neighbours to avoid rising difficulties with stubble and fallow grazing: fallow fields and cropped fields are separated by mutual agreement. In each and every village where the pressure situation arrived at a certain point, change from individual to common rotations was a sheer necessity. Interference or coordination from the side of the lord is thought to have been unnecessary. The village or parcener communities are thought to have been more or less independent in organizing cropping affairs3. In contrast to this conception of many parallel inventions on the grassroot level of individual farming communities, another group of authors, including Titow, Mary Harvey and especially Bruce Campbell have discussed the possible role of lords above the village community'. From written sources we may get some answer to the question: What were the vested interests and needs of

Conspicuous Consumption and Working-Class Culture in Late-Victorian and Edwardian Britain

In the last decade, as economic orthodoxy has shifted from a Keynesian–influenced study of demand towards the monetarist concern for the supply side in the economy, so history seems to have moved in the opposite direction. After many years studying the role of production and supply in the economic development of Britain, historians have belatedly turned their attention to demand, and have been discovering, or rediscovering, the history of consumption. The advent of consumerism in Britain has been positively identified by Joan Thirsk in the seventeenth century, and by Neil McKendrick in the eighteenth. Putting a date to the consumer revolution has become a highly competitive business; W. Hamish Fraser, and before him Peter Mathias, have identified just such a transformation in the second half of the nineteenth century, while Derek Aldcroft prefers to locate this change in the inter–war years.

Consumerism in Preindustrial and Early Industrial England: The Trade in Secondhand Clothes

The secondhand clothes trade was a vital reflection of consumer demand in preindustrial and early industrial England, one that has gone unrecognized because of the nature of the trade. It did not involve the manufacture, finishing, or refining of raw materials or the sale of new commodities. It was largely invisible trade, leaving few records and generating no legislation. Yet the trade in secondhand clothing was a common feature of English life and met the needs of much of the English population in a way that other manufacturing trades and industries did not. Historians considering the characteristics of the domestic market in this era have naturally focused on the new manufactures and the widening range of goods produced in response to domestic demand both in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries—everything from caps, stockings, and pottery to the products of the British cotton industry. The growth of these industries has been seen as a testament to a strong demand among consumers for varied, attractive, and inexpensive goods. But the extent of demand among the various ranks of people and the intensity of this demand cannot accurately be determined solely from the development of new industries and the sale of new commodities.The demand for clothing, textiles, and other consumer goods was not the sum total of the consumer impulse. An equally powerful drive was manifested not through the purchase of new commodities but through the sale, trade, and purchase of secondhand merchandise. Joan Thirsk has noted that “the labouring classes found cash to spare for consumer goods in 1700 that had no place in their budgets in 1550.”

Shorter Notices

Journal Article Shorter Notices Get access JOAN THIRSK JOAN THIRSK St Hilda's CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CII, Issue CCCCII, January 1987, Pages 192-a–192, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CII.CCCCII.192-a Published: 01 January 1987

The Agrarian History of England and Wales, Volume V, 1640-1750, edited by Joan Thirsk, The Victoria History of the County of Somerset, Volume V, edited by R.W. Dunning

<i>The Agrarian History of England and Wales, Volume V, 1640-1750</i>, edited by Joan Thirsk, <i>The Victoria History of the County of Somerset, Volume V</i>, edited by R.W. Dunning

The Rural Economy of England: Collected Essays.

No one has done more to emphasise the significance of the land in early modern England that Joan Thirsk, whose writings are both an important contribution to its history and point the way for future research. The subjects of this collection include the origin and nature of the common fields, Tudor enclosures, the Commonwealth confiscation of Royalist land and its subsequent return after the Restoration, inheritance customs, and the role of industries in the rural economy, among them stocking knitting.

Reviews

Book reviewed in this articleGREAT BRITAIND. A. Crowley (Ed.). The Victoria History of the Counties of England: A History of the County of Wiltshire. Vol. XII.T. H. Aston, P. R. Coss, Christopher Dyer and Joan Thirsk(Eds.). Social Relations and Ideas: Essays in Honour of R. H. Hilton.Susan M. Wright. The Derbyshire Gentry in the Fifteenth Century.John Bohstedt. Riots and Community Politics in England and Wales, 1790‐1810.S. R. Cope. Walter Boyd: A Merchant Banker in the Age of Napoleon.Derek H. Aldcroft and Michael J. Freeman(Eds.). Transport in the Industrial Revolution.John K. Walton and James Walvin(Eds.). Leisure in Britain, 1780‐1939.Katrina Honeyman. Origins of Enterprise: Business Leadership in the Industrial Revolution.John Garrard. Leadership and Power in Victorian Industrial Towns, 1830‐80.Frances Finnegan. Poverty and Prejudice: A Study of Irish Immigrants in York, 1840‐1875.David Brooke. The Railway Navvy.Frances Widdowson. Going Up into the Next Class: Women and Elementary Teacher Training, 1840‐1914.Sydney and Olive Checkland. Industry and Ethos: Scotland, 1832‐1914.David J. Jeremy (Ed.). Dictionary of Business Biography: A Biographical Dictionary of Business Leaders Active in Britain in the Period 1860‐1980. Vol. 1: A‐C.Forrest Capie and Michael Collins. The Inter‐War British Economy: A Statistical Abstract.William Knox (Ed.). Scottish Labour Leaders, 1918‐1939: A Biographical Dictionary.John Stevenson. British Society, 1914‐1945.Peter Pagnamenta and Richard Overy. All Our Working Lives.J. H. van Stuijvenberg (Ed.). The Interactions of Amsterdam and Antwerp with the Baltic Region, 1400‐1800.Artur Attman. Dutch Enterprise in the World Bullion Trade, 1550‐1800.Sarah C. Maza. Servants and Masters in Eighteenth‐Century France: The Uses of Loyalty.Franclois JequierNikolai Todorov. The Balkan City, 1400‐1900.Maldwyn A. Jones. The Limits of Liberty: American History, 1607‐1980.Philip Scranton. Proprietary Capitalism: The Textile Manufacture at Philadelphia, 1800‐1885.Walter Licht. Working for the Railroad: The Organization of Work in the Nineteenth Century.Gary M. Walton and James F. Shepherd(Eds.). Market Institutions and Economic Progress in the New South, 1865‐1900.Colin M. Lewis. British Railways in Argentina, 1857‐1914: A Case Study of Foreign Investment. London: Athlone Press for the Institute of Latin American Studies, University of London. 1983. Pp. xii+259. 41 tables. 2 graphs. 5 maps. £20.)Michelle Burge McAlpin. Subject to Famine: Food Crises and Economic Change in Western India, 1860‐1920.Frank H. H. King (Ed.). Eastern Banking: Essays in the History of The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation.Robert H. Bates. Essays on the Political Economy of Rural Africa.Norman Etherington. Theories of Imperialism: War, Conquest, and Capital.

Short Notices

Journal Article Short Notices Get access JOAN THIRSK JOAN THIRSK St Hilda's CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume XCVII, Issue CCCLXXXIII, April 1982, Page 396, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/XCVII.CCCLXXXIII.396 Published: 01 April 1982

REVIEWS AND SHORT NOTICES

REVIEWS AND SHORT NOTICES