Jirisan National Park Research Articles

A Study on the Spatial Information and Location Environment of Dead Coniferous Tree in Subalpine Zone in Jirisan National Park

A Study on the Spatial Information and Location Environment of Dead Coniferous Tree in Subalpine Zone in Jirisan National Park

Oxygen isotope ratios of subalpine conifers in Jirisan National Park, Korea and their dendroclimatic potential

The present study aimed to explore the dendroclimatic potential of three conifer species, viz. Taxus cuspidata, Abies koreana, and Pinus koraiensis, in the subalpine zone in the Republic of Korea. The tree-ring δ18O chronologies were analyzed for the last 50 years and were found to be well correlated with one another (r = 0.70 – 0.87). In the correlation analyses with temperature in the growing season, the tree-ring δ18O data of Abies / Taxus / Pinus showed positive correlation coefficients significantly with April, June, and July / April and July / April. On the other hand, in the correlation analyses with precipitation, only the tree-ring δ18O data of Abies and Taxus showed negative correlation coefficients significantly with April and May, respectively. For the correlation analyses with relative humidity, only the tree-ring δ18O data of Abies and Taxus showed significant negative correlation coefficients with April, June, and July for Abies, and with June and July for Taxus. Based on the results, we developed an extended Taxus δ18O chronology back till 1864 CE (152 years). Spatial correlation analyses revealed that the Taxus δ18O was mainly influenced by precipitation in the upstream regions of western Japan rather than that in the study region. This result pointed out the importance of the upstream hydrological processes that govern δ18O in precipitation. In addition, the TC δ18O showed meaningful correlations with temperature over Korea including our study region. These results indicated that the tree-ring δ18O of southern Korea was controlled not only by local temperature, but also by the upstream moisture conditions of western Japan.

Long‐term (2005–2017) macromoth community monitoring at Mt. Jirisan National Park, South Korea

AbstractMoths, which are one of the mega‐diversity insect groups, play important roles as herbivores in terrestrial ecosystems. Because most moths are nocturnal and easily attracted to lights, the utilization of consistent and uniform sampling methods based on a set of standardized protocols can lead to creation of comparable datasets on regional to global scales. These datasets can be used to address environmental issues such as the biological impacts resulting from climate change and land‐use policies. More than 60% of the Korean peninsula is mountainous, and the forests on most mountains are undergoing marked changes related to forest succession and recent climatic variability. Therefore, the present study was conducted to monitor macromoth communities in a mountain ecosystem of Korea. Our study site, Mt. Jirisan National Park is the first national park and the highest mountain on the mainland of South Korea. This mountain range runs 34 km east to west and 26 km north to south, harboring more than 1,400 vascular plant and more than 3,000 insect species. We monitored macromoth communities at six sites in Mt. Jirisan National Park, South Korea from 2005 to 2017, during which time moths were collected from May to October using an ultraviolet bucket trap. The generated dataset, which contains 1,089 species and 40,694 individuals in 20 families, can be used to establish a baseline for development of a network‐oriented database to assess the temporal and spatial changes of moths in temperate and tropical forests and the biotic impact of environmental change.

Blood Chemistry Reference Values for Free-Ranging Asiatic Black Bears ( Ursus thibetanus) by Season, Age, and Sex.

Physiological characteristics, such as blood chemistry values, are valuable for evaluating the health of the animals. To our knowledge, these values have never been reported for the free-ranging Asiatic black bear ( Ursus thibetanus; ABB). Thus, 28 blood chemistry values from 50 free-ranging ABBs captured in Jirisan National Park, Republic of Korea, from 2005 to 2016 were evaluated. The aim of this study was to establish blood chemistry reference values for the free-ranging ABBs during both the hibernating and nonhibernating seasons. During hibernation, mean values of creatinine (CRE), total cholesterol, total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), triglycerides, and magnesium were significantly higher than those during nonhibernation; however, mean values of blood urea nitrogen, urea nitrogen to creatinine (U/C) ratio, inorganic phosphorous (IP), aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were significantly lower. Age differences (young vs. adult) were found in IP, LDH, TP, and ALB values during hibernation and in the U/C ratio, calcium, IP, ALP, creatine kinase myocardial band, CRE, total bilirubin, and uric acid values during nonhibernation. However, there were no sex differences (male vs. female).

지리산국립공원 세석지역의 아고산 관속식물상

This study was conducted to investigate the vascular plants which can be an indicator of environmental change in Seseok of Jirisan National Park. The purpose of this study was to find out the basic information for the subalpine species. This study showed that the area had a total 295 taxa including 63 families, 177 genus, 252 species, 2 subspecies, 36 variants 5 forms and Pte-Q was 1.7. Among them, Korea endemic plants were 15 taxa such as Abies koreana. Rare plants were 14 taxa such as Viola diamantiaca. Naturalized plants consisted of 5 taxa such as Rumex crispus. The floristic regional indicator plants found in surveyed area were 72 taxa comprising 3 taxa of grade Ⅴ, 7 taxa of grade Ⅳ and 24 taxa of grade Ⅲ. In summary, The subalpine plants of the survey region consisted of 37 taxa including Abies koreana and Gymnadenia cucullata. As rare plants distributed in subalpine zone respond sensitively to climate change, accuracy distribution range, environmental characteristics of habitat and population dynamics of rare plants should be evaluated quantitatively.

Evaluation of Vegetation Recovery after Restortaion Works at the Nogodan Area, Jirisan National Park

Evaluation of Vegetation Recovery after Restortaion Works at the Nogodan Area, Jirisan National Park

Mass Size Distribution of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles Collected at 865 m High of Jirisan National Park

Mass Size Distribution of Atmospheric Aerosol Particles Collected at 865 m High of Jirisan National Park

Analysis of Asiatic Black Bear's foods by using Scats in the Jirisan National Park

Analysis of Asiatic Black Bear's foods by using Scats in the Jirisan National Park

Distribution Characteristics of Functional Feeding Groups of Benthic Macroinvertebrates and Biological Evaluation of Water Quality in Jirisan National Park

The distribution characteristics of functional feeding groups and biological evaluation of water quality with benthic macroinvertebrates were investigated from 2013 to 2014 in the mountain streams of Jirisan National Park. Both quantitative and qualitative collection had been performed six times during study periods in twelve sites located at upstream, midstream and downstream of four valleys, Chilsungol, Baemsagol, Daesunggol and Piagol of freshwater ecosystem in Jirisan National Park. As results, the total collected benthic macroinvertebrates were 3 phyla, 4 classes, 11 orders, 37 families, 107 species and 4,028 individuals. In 2013, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 10 orders, 32 families, 89 species and 1,829 individuals were collected. And in 2014, 3 phyla, 4 classes, 9 orders, 31 families, 80 species and 2,199 individuals were identified. The total dominant species was Ecdyonurus kibumensis, and EPT groups occupied 80.39% of total species number. Biotic indices were also compared to site and to season. The dominant index (DI) was highest at the downstream of Baemsagol in the spring of 2013, and the evenness index (J') was highest at the downstream of Daesunggol in the summer of 2013. Both diversity index (H') and richness index (RI) were highest at the upstream of Baemsagol in the summer of 2014. The correlation between altitude above sea level and functional feeding groups of benthic macroinvertebrates was also researched in this study. As a result, the species number of shredders and predators have significantly increased according to the increase of the altitude of their habitat. On the other hand, individuals of gathering collectors have increased according to the increase of altitude. The biological water quality was evaluated and compared with several methods in this study, and we suggest that ESB and GPI are more appropriate than KSI and BMI to evaluate biological water quality of mountain stream water.

Composition of the insect diet in feces of yellow-throated marten, Martes flavigula, in Jirisan National Park, South Korea

The composition of the Martes flavigula diet has been extensively studied, but little is known about its insect component. This study characterized the insect diet and insect nest materials in the feces of M. flavigula . A total of 952 fecal samples were collected in Jirisan National Park from January 2009 to November 2011, and 1379 species or taxonomic groups were identified. M. flavigula fed on insects (8.7%) and bee wax (5.0%), which comprised 2.9% and 4.4% of the dry weight of M. flavigula feces, respectively. A total of 12 insect species belonging to 8 families in 3 orders were identified. The most fre quently found insects were Hymenoptera (frequency of occurrence, FO, 89.1), including Vespa simillima simillima (FO, 37.3) and Vespula koreensis koreensis (FO, 20.0). The Vespidae constituted the majority of the insect diet in autumn when the diversity of marten’s prey was strongly reduced, probably because the numbers of social insects were sufficient for M. flavigula. In addition, the data suggest that M. flavigula attacks the nests of social wasps in late autumn when males do not have a venomous sting and new queens are less aggressive than workers. Bee wax appeared in all seasons and the highest rate was from spring to early summer. However, the remains of honeybees were not found in feces; thus, M. fla vigula presumably eats honey but not honeybees.

Occurrence of Hymenoptera (wasps and bees) and their foraging in the southwestern part of Jirisan National Park, South Korea

Occurrence of Hymenoptera (wasps and bees) and their foraging in the southwestern part of Jirisan National Park, South Korea

A Study on the Impact of Visitor Satisfaction of Nogodan Area at the Jirisan National Park on Behavioral Intentions - Focus on Appropriateness of National Park Reservation System as a Moderating Variable -

A Study on the Impact of Visitor Satisfaction of Nogodan Area at the Jirisan National Park on Behavioral Intentions - Focus on Appropriateness of National Park Reservation System as a Moderating Variable -

Study on Flora of Specially Protected Area in the Cheoneun Reservoir, Jirisan National Park for Management of Forest Recreation and Natural Resource

Study on Flora of Specially Protected Area in the Cheoneun Reservoir, Jirisan National Park for Management of Forest Recreation and Natural Resource

지구온난화를 고려한 지리산 국립공원 내 사찰림의 식생구조 연구

This study aims at classifying and interpreting on the shrine forest vegetation located in Jirisan national park affiliated to an ecotone in southern part of Korea, foreseeing a vegetation change based on composition species and dominant species on canopy, and proposing the direction of vegetation management. The shrine forests were classified into the 7 community units as Chamaecyparis obtusa-Cryptomeria japonica afforestation, Pinus densiflora community, Pinus rigida afforestation, Quercus variabilis-Quercus serrata community, Zelkova serrata-Kerria japonica for. japonica community, Phyllostachys bambusoides forest, Camellia japonica community. This research is also expatiated on the analogous results of ordination analysis with phytosociological analysis. The constituents of deciduous broad-leaved forest in the warm temperate zone were appeared in the most vegetations. It emerged less that the constituents of evergreen broad-leaved forest in the warm-temperate zone and deciduous broad-leaved forest in the cold-temperature zone. The life form analyses were made use with the two ways: appearance species in total communities and each community. The species diversity of shrine forests is declined because the high dominances of Sasa borealis and Pseudosasa japonica emerged in the shrub and herb layers. These shrine forests will be succession to Q. variabilis-Q. serrata community as the representative vegetation of deciduous broad-leaved forest in the warm-temperate zone, owing to the temperature rise by global warming, and an evergreen broad-leaved forest will be able to be also formed if a temperate rise will be continued. The one of the artificial management of shrine forests is to consider the introduction of the constituents of evergreen broad-leaved forest in the warm-temperate zone.

Distribution of Vascular Plants at the Major Valleys of Jirisan National Park

Distribution of Vascular Plants at the Major Valleys of Jirisan National Park

Analysis of traditional knowledge for wild edible mushrooms consumed by residents living in Jirisan National Park (Korea)

Ethnopharmacological relevanceThis study aims to record and analyze the traditional knowledge of wild edible mushrooms utilized by residents living in Jirisan National Park (Korea). Materials and methodsData was collected through participant observations and in-depth interviews with semi-structured questionnaires. Quantitative comparative analyses were accomplished through informant consensus factor (ICF), fidelity level (FL), and inter-network analysis (INA). ResultsThe amounts of traditional knowledge recorded from the communities were 158 practices classified within 22 families, 33 genera, and 38 species. The representative families were Tricholomataceae (23.20%) followed by Pleurotaceae (13.10%), Polyporaceae (8.21%), and Hymenochaetaceae (6.33%). The results revealed 24 modes of preparation for the mushrooms, with the most common methods being for preparing them as, seasoned cooked mushrooms (40.75%), soups (13.84%), teas (12.18%), simmered (9.19%), and roasted (6.20%). The informant consensus factor (ICF) values in the ailment categories were birth-related disorders (1.00), genitourinary system disorders (1.00), other conditions (0.91), circulatory system disorders (0.76), and diabetes (0.33). In terms of fidelity levels, five mushroom species showed 100% of fidelities.Regarding the inter-network analysis (INA) of mushrooms and ailments, the positions of medicinal mushrooms is distributed into three main groups. Also, regarding the network of mushrooms and foods, the location of edible mushrooms is distributed into two main food groups. ConclusionThe utilization of the inter-network analysis has been used typically within the social sciences for the analysis of social trends and phenomena through the interrelationship of specific social components, from this study it is being applied for the interpretation of traditional knowledge utilizing mushrooms in the local communities. Through this study, we are confident that the useful application of the inter-network analysis has been successfully proven.

A comparative analysis of ethnomedicinal practices for treating gastrointestinal disorders used by communities living in three national parks (Korea).

The purpose of this study is to comparatively analyze the ethnomedicinal practices on gastrointestinal disorders within communities in Jirisan National Park, Gayasan National Park, and Hallasan National Park of Korea. Data was collected through participant observations and indepth interviews with semistructured questionnaires. Methods for comparative analysis were accomplished using the informant consensus factor, fidelity level, and internetwork analysis. A total of 490 ethnomedicinal practices recorded from the communities were classified into 110 families, 176 genera, and 220 species that included plants, animals, fungi, and alga. The informant consensus factor values in the disorder categories were enteritis, and gastralgia (1.0), followed by indigestion (0.94), constipation (0.93), and abdominal pain and gastroenteric trouble (0.92). In terms of fidelity levels, 71 plant species showed fidelity levels of 100%. The internetwork analysis between disorders and all medicinal species are grouped in the center by the four categories of indigestion, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and gastroenteric trouble, respectively. Regarding the research method of this study, the comparative analysis methods will contribute to the availability of orally transmitted ethnomedicinal knowledge. Among the methods of analysis, the use of internetwork analysis as a tool for analysis in this study provides imperative internetwork maps between gastrointestinal disorders and medicinal species.

하늘다람쥐(Pteromys volans) 배설습성과 조사기법 개선방안 연구

To identify the characteristics of the dropping habits and to provide improved methods for sign survey of Siberian flying squirrels Pteromys volans, an investigation was carried out in Jirisan National Park from April 2012 to May 2013. The latrines of study area were checked once a month and the characteristics of dropping behavior were camera trapped. The feces of Siberian flying squirrel were found on the point which tree forked, mostly from November to May. The squirrel actively presents in forked tree mainly on the September to April. The Siberian flying squirrel is found to be a typical nocturnal animal as it actively move between 6p.m. to 7a.m.. The study found that squirrel does feeding and dropping in the winter time on forked tree. On the point which tree forked could be a good place for the squirrel to hide from their predator when there is no leaf on the tree. Conducting the sign survey is advisable from November to May, as well as with the careful approach to the animals. As Siberian flying squirrel is an endangered species, adjusting the survey period is mandatory, especially when doing environmental impact assessment and a research on its dwelling areas.

Analysis of traditional knowledge about medicinal plants utilized in communities of Jirisan National Park (Korea)

Ethopharmaacological relevanceThe purpose of this study is to analyze and record traditional knowledge of medicinal plants utilized in communities of Jirisan National Park. Materials and methodsData was collected through participant observations and in-depth interviews with semi-structured questionnaires. Quantitative comparative analyses were accomplished through informant consensus factor (ICF), fidelity level (FL), and social network analysis (SNA). ResultsThe 1660 ethnomedicinal practices recorded from the communities were classified into 89 families, 215 genera, and 274 species. The representative families were Asteraceae (10.02%) followed by Fabaceae (8.7%), Araliaceae (7.2%), and Rosaceae (6.7%). On the whole, 34 kinds of plant-parts were used and prepared in 73 various ways by the people for medicinal purposes. The informant consensus factor (ICF) values in the ailment categories were physical pain (0.95), respiratory system disorders (0.91), veterinary ailments (0.90), nervous system disorders (0.89), and diabetes (0.88). In terms of fidelity levels, 48 plant species showed 100% of fidelities. The social network analysis (SNA) between ailments and the plant families within all communities of this study, most of plant families were located closer to the center of the network for the three ailments groups. Asteraceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Pinaceae and Rosaceae as depicted by the rectangular-shaped region, were positioned more closely within the center of the network figure and possess more versatility as a treatment for various ailments. ConclusionThe utilization of the social network analysis is used as a new tool for various interpretations to ethnomedicinal knowledge within a local community. Through this study, we are confident that the useful value of the social network analysis has been proven and the three dimensional relationships of these components will extend beyond the existing understanding of ethnomedicinal knowledge within local communities around the world.

국립공원 재난 및 안전관리 대책 수립에 관한 연구

1967년 지리산 국립공원이 지정된 이후 현재 우리나라 국립공원은 지속적인 발전으로 질적 양적 성장을 거듭하고 있다. 그러나 국립공원의 재난 및 안전관리에 관한 연구는 미미한 실정이며, 국립공원의 재난유형에 따른 재해 특성을 고려한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 국립공원의 재난 및 안전관리 현황과 문제점, 국가재난관리기준을 검토하였으며, 국립공원의 위치 지형적 특성에 따라 크게 산악 해안 도시공원으로 분류하여 자연 인적 사회적 재난 등 재난유형별 위험요소를 조사 분석하고 규명 평가하여 핵심위험도를 산정하였다. 모든 국립공원의 상위 3가지 핵심위험도는 인적재난으로 분류된 항목이 도출되었으며, 위험도 매트릭스를 분석한 결과 산악공원과 해안공원은 중간 정도, 도시공원은 낮은 정도의 위험도로 양호한 수준으로 나타났으나 사망 부상 등의 사고가 수백 건에 달함으로 이에 따른 국립공원의 효율적이고 체계적인 재난 및 안전관리를 위한 중 장기 대책수립이 필요하다고 판단된다. Korea National Park have been in the ongoing development since Jirisan National Park was designated in 1967. However, disaster and safety management of the National Park research on infancy, and according to the type of disaster, a disaster of national park considering the characteristics of studies are lacking. Accordingly, in this study national park status and problems of disaster and safety administration, national disaster management review criteria were based on this mountain, coastal, city park, according to the characteristics of each natural disaster, and human and social risk factors such as type of disaster identification, evaluation, and research and analysis on the important risks were calculated. All National Park's top three key risk items are classified as a human disaster was derived, risk analysis matrix medium mountain parks and waterfront park, city park, with a low degree of risk of death or've found a good level of hundreds of accidents, injury cases, including the National Park of this efficient and systematic management of disasters and safety of long-term measures for the establishment is deemed necessary.