Jinan City Research Articles

Association between tea consumption and frailty among Chinese older adults: A cross-sectional study.

BackgroundChronic inflammation is considered one of the main mechanisms leading to frailty. It has been demonstrated that tea consumption reduces chronic inflammation. Few epidemiological studies have investigated the association between tea consumption and frailty.ObjectiveThis study aimed to analyze the association between tea consumption and frailty in Chinese older adults.MethodsBetween March and May 2021, we enrolled 2,144 older adults aged ≥60 years in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China, using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. We assessed tea consumption and frailty in older adults using the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) and the frequency of tea consumption, respectively. We applied multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the association between tea consumption and frailty, controlling for a set of potential covariates.ResultsThe prevalence of frailty among older Chinese adults was 38.3% (821/2,144). Tea consumption was categorized as daily (30.4%), occasionally (20.9%), and rarely or never (48.7%). As indicated by the fully adjusted model, daily tea consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of frailty (OR = 0.73, 95%CI = 0.57–0.94). However, this association only applied to men, younger older adults aged 60–79 years, rural residents, and regular participants in community activities. In addition, we observed a linear relationship between tea consumption and the prevalence of frailty (P for trend = 0.017).ConclusionsHigher tea consumption was associated with a lower prevalence of frailty in older adults, especially those men, older adults aged 60–79, rural residents, and individuals who regularly participated in community activities. Further longitudinal and experimental studies are needed to determine the causation between tea consumption and frailty.

Construction of an adaptive river-based recreational network for urban river restoration: A case study of Rencheng District, Jining City, China

Recreation-oriented urban river ecological restoration can help restore damaged ecosystems and improve human well-being. This study selects the urban river network of Rencheng District, Jining City, China as a case to map and construct a river-based recreational network (RRN) in an urban river restoration context. Morphological spatial pattern analysis, connectivity evaluation methods, and an overlay method of ArcGIS are applied to identify river network connectivity and ecological sources, which are used to map RRN. The research findings show that except rivers in the Liangshan-Jining Canal, other rivers have medium, poor, or extremely poor ecological connectivity. The ecological sources are mainly distributed in the vicinity of Nanyang lake and Taibai lake. The distribution of river connectivity is largely correlated with the regional physical geography pattern (e.g., geological structure and topological position of water patches), as well as historical human activities (e.g., canalization). Furthermore, the continuous subsidence of coal mining subsidence areas, urban expansion and rural construction, environmental damage and pollution, natural changes (e.g., climate change) are the risk sources of river network connectivity. To restore the ecological and social connectivity of urban river network, an adaptive RRN is proposed according to the current environmental status and the factors affecting the river connectivity. Specifically, form-based and process-based restoration measures can be adopted in urban built-up areas and rural areas, respectively. The findings provide a holistic solution for the restoration and recreational use of urban river network at a regional scale, thereby promoting the coordination of urban ecosystems and sociocultural systems.

Synergistic Resonance of Rural Culture by Multiple Subjects: The Example of Village D in Jinan City

To revitalize rural culture is to preserve and develop the excellent traditional culture of villages, and to learn from the scientific culture of the new era. In the context of rural revitalization strategy, we focus on the last kilometer of rural cultural revitalization in Jinan Village D, and find that the synergy of multiple subjects represented by grassroots government, village “two committees”, rural elites and ordinary villagers is an important strategy to revitalize rural culture. We focus on the real-life dilemmas faced by rural multiple subjects in cultural revitalization, and promote the revitalization of rural culture by coordinating the relationship among subjects, enhancing the enthusiasm of participation of subjects and promoting their sense of ownership, shaping common interests and enhancing collective action ability, improving the revitalization system, clarifying the power and responsibility relationship among subjects, and completing the evaluation mechanism.

Study on Urban Rainfall–Runoff Model under the Background of Inter-Basin Water Transfer

The imbalance of water supply and demand forces many cities to transfer water across basins, which changes the original “rainfall–runoff” relationship in urban basins. Long-term hydrological simulation of urban basins requires a tool that comprehensively considers the relationship of “rainfall–runoff” and the background of inter-basin water transfer. This paper combines the rainfall–runoff model, the GR3 model, with the background of inter-basin water transfer to simulate the hydrological process of Huangtaiqiao basin (321 km2) in Jinan city, Shandong Province, China for 18 consecutive years with a 1 h time step. Twenty-one flood simulation results of different scales over 18 years were selected for statistical analysis. By comparing the simulation results of the GR3 model and the measured process, the results were verified by multiple evaluation indicators (the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient, water relative error, the relative error of flood peak flow, and difference of peak arrival time) at different time scales. It was found that the simulation results of the GR3 model after inter-basin water transfer were considered to be in good agreement with the measured data. This study proves the long-term impact of inter-basin water transfer on rainfall–runoff processes in an urban basin, and the GR3-ibwt model can better simulate the hydrological processes of urban basins, providing a new perspective and method.

Numerical Investigation of Slurry Fracturing during Shield Tunneling under a Reservoir

The Jinan Jiluo Road Crossing the Yellow River Tunnel North Extension Project will intersect the Queshan reservoir, which currently supplies 60% of the domestic water in Jinan City. During the excavation process of the large-diameter slurry type shield used in this project, it may lead to slurry fracturing of the stratum in front of the excavation face and slurry blow-out from the surface if the slurry support pressure is too high. The leakage of shield slurry will pollute the reservoir water, and the safety of domestic water in Jinan will be threatened. Shield slurry blow-out may also lead to water inrush accidents. It is difficult to prevent slurry blow-out during shallow shield tunnel construction due to an insufficient understanding of the shield slurry fracturing mechanism. The initiation and extension of shield slurry fracturing are very complex and difficult to observe in the stratum. Currently, there is no effective method to study the slurry fracturing mechanism of shield tunneling. This paper presents a numerical simulation method of shield tunneling slurry fracturing based on the extended finite element method (XFEM). The risk of slurry blow-out in shield tunnel crossing reservoir engineering is analyzed. The advantages of the XFEM for simulating crack propagation are fully exploited. Considering the coexistence of tensile and shear failures in soft soils, embedding the combined tensile and shear failure criterion is realized in the XFEM by the secondary development of the ABAQUS extended finite element. Compared with the slurry fracturing test of blind-hole clay samples, the rationality of the simulation method for slurry fracturing in cohesive soil is verified. Through the establishment of the slurry fracturing extension model, the slurry fracturing process of shield tunneling in cohesive soil layer is simulated. The variation law of slurry pressure in the process of fracture extension is studied, and the influence of shield slurry support pressure, overburden thickness, formation shear strength, and slurry viscosity on fracture extension pressure and extension path is analyzed. Based on this numerical simulation method, the risk of slurry blow-out is analyzed in the shield tunneling intersecting the Queshan Reservoir of the Jinan Jiluo Road Crossing the Yellow River Tunnel North Extension Project.

Identification of key controlling factors of ozone pollution in Jinan, northern China over 2013–2020

Urban ozone (O3) pollution has become a prominent environmental threat to public health while the relationship between O3 formation and driving factors remains elusive, particularly for megacities in the Shandong Peninsula of China. In this study, we use intensive ambient measurements of trace gases to comprehensively investigate the magnitude of O3 pollution in Jinan city from 2013 to 2020. Further, emission inventory and OMI NO2 columns are used for probing changes in precursor emissions. Ground-level measurements indicate degraded O3 air quality afterward in 2015 and depict city-wide elevated O3 levels (higher than 140 μg/m3 in the warm season). For precursor emissions, it is found that NOx emissions have decreased more than 30% due to successful regulation efforts, which is in excellent agreement with NO2 columns from OMI. The method of objective synoptic weather pattern classification [T-Mode principal component analysis (PCT)] is adopted to distinguish the associated meteorological parameters under various synoptic patterns which govern the variability in regional O3 levels. Among identified synoptic patterns, Type 2 and Type 8 featured by low sea level pressure (SLP), high temperature, and strong ultraviolet radiation are the most prevalent synoptic patterns in spring and summer, respectively, which are prone to the occurrence of O3 exceedances. This work provides a detailed view of long-term O3 levels and the relationship between precursors and meteorological conditions in a typical densely populated city in northern China, showing implications for developing O3 mitigation strategies.

The Impacts of Precipitation on Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter (FDOM) in an Urban River System

Precipitation is considered a key factor influencing the fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) of urban rivers. However, the multiple effects of precipitation on FDOM in urban rivers and the long-term impacts of precipitation on the spatial patterns of FDOM are seldom known. Spatiotemporal variations of FDOM at 36 sites from the urban rivers of Jinan City during dry and wet seasons were investigated in this study. Four components were identified using an excitation–emission matrix and parallel factor analysis. Overall, the total fluorescence intensities in dry and wet seasons ranged from 6.59 to 35.7 quinine sulfate units (QSU) and 3.42 to 69.3 QSU, respectively. Significant variations were found for different components that C2 and C3 declined but C4 increased in the wet season (p < 0.05). The temporal variations for different components could be explained by the different combined effects of precipitation dilution and flushing. Three different reference FDOM sources, including background water, spring water, and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) outlets, were illustrated using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA). The places of FDOM in most sites were more closed to the PCoA location of WWTP outlets in the dry season while central shifted in the wet season. The changes of FDOM sources in the wet season could be explained by the mixed effect of precipitation. In conclusion, this study provided new insights into the multiple impacts of precipitation on FDOM in urban river systems, and also data support for precise pollution discharge and water resource management.

First report of invasive Pomacea snails in Shandong Province

To characterize the species of invasive Pomacea snails that were discovered for the first time in Shandong Province. Pomacea snails samples were collected in the field of Jining City, Shandong Province on October 2021 for morphological identification. Pomacea snails were randomly sampled and genomic DNA was extracted from foot muscle tissues of Pomacea snails for multiplex PCR amplification. The PCR amplification product was sequenced. Then, the sequence was aligned and a phylogenetic tree was created using the software MegAlign 7.1.0. In addition, Angiostongylus cantonensis infection was detected in Pomacea snails with the lung microscopy. A total of 104 living Pomacea snails were collected, and all were characterized as Pomacea spp. based on morphological features. Of 12 randomly selected adult Pomacea snails, multiplex PCR assay and sequencing identified eleven snails as P. canaliculata and one as P. maculata. No A. cantonensis infection was detected in 104 Pomacea snails. This is the first report of invasive Pomacea snails in Shandong Province, where P. canaliculata and P. maculata are found.

Temporal Characterization, Carcinogenic Risk Assessment and Meteorological Effects of Ambient Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Jinan City

Temporal Characterization, Carcinogenic Risk Assessment and Meteorological Effects of Ambient Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Jinan City

An Assessment of the Accessibility of Multiple Public Service Facilities and Its Correlation with Housing Prices Using an Improved 2SFCA Method—A Case Study of Jinan City, China

The spatial distribution and accessibility of urban public service facilities affect socioeconomic factors in the lives of residents, especially housing prices. Given that most previous studies focus on the accessibility of a certain, single type of facility and its impact on housing prices, this research uses improved two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) methods by considering the differences in the service capacity of different types of public service facilities in real life to evaluate their accessibility to residential communities in Jinan city based on 3117 facilities covering 11 different kinds of facilitates. Then, we assess the spatial distribution of the impact of the accessibility of different public service facilities on housing prices in Jinan city through a local indicator of a spatial association (LISA) cluster diagram generated based on the bivariate local Moran’s index. Our objectives are to assess the accessibility of multiple public service facilities using an improved 2SFCA method and to explore the spatial correlations between the accessibility of public service facilities and housing prices. The results show that the housing prices in Jinan are clustered and that the areas with high housing prices are mainly concentrated in the Lixia District and the center of the downtown area. The accessibility of medical, shopping, educational and bus stop facilities in the Lixia District is better than that in other districts. The accessibility of shopping, medical and tourist attraction facilities has the most significant impact on housing prices, and the number of communities in which the accessibility of these public service facilities and housing prices form a positive correlation cluster accounts for 50.5%, 47.9% and 45.8% of all communities, respectively. On the other hand, educational accessibility and bus stop accessibility have nothing to do with housing prices, and the number of communities in which the accessibility of these public service facilities forms a not-significant cluster with housing prices accounting for 51.1% and 56.5% of the total, respectively. In this study, the combined 2SFCA method is used to improve the method for evaluating the accessibility of a variety of public service facilities, and its applicability is verified by practical application. By analyzing the spatial correlation between accessibility and housing prices, we expand our understanding of accessibility and show that it plays a central role in housing prices, which will help to improve the spatial pattern of urban public places in the future, provide support for decision makers and provide a reference for the government and real estate developers.

Research on the Relationship of Consumption Emotion, Experiential Marketing, and Revisit Intention in Cultural Tourism Cities: A Case Study.

Experience marketing plays an important role in improving the quality and upgrading tourism services in cultural tourism cities and helps guide the planning and development, commodity design, and business management of cultural tourism products. However, the urgent problems that need to be solved are as follows: How does experiential marketing in cultural tourism cities affect tourists' consumption behavior? How to adjust consumption emotion in tourist experience and revisit intention? Starting from the experience needs of tourists, this study selected Jinan city, represented by “Qilu culture,” as the research object; discussed the relationship between experiential marketing, consumption emotion, and revisit intention; and used a structural equation model to verify the relationship between the three. This study divided the perception of experiential marketing into four dimensions—sensory experience, action experience, emotional experience, and thinking experience, and divided tourists' revisit intention into two dimensions— “revisit” and “recommendation”. Totally, 305 tourists were randomly selected to participate in the questionnaire survey, and they came from 34 provinces in China. The results showed that cultural tourism cities can enhance tourists' positive consumption emotion through experiential marketing over time, and high-quality tourist consumption experience directly motivates tourists to revisit intention and then promotes tourists to go to cultural tourism cities for secondary consumption. These results suggest that cultural tourism cities should start from Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, pay attention to the needs of tourists at different levels, and adopt effective experiential marketing strategies from tourism experience to improve the quality of tourists' travel experience and promote tourists' revisit intention.

Effects of maternal exposure to particulate matter during pregnancy on the birth weight of offspring: A negative control exposures study

The impact of prenatal particulate matter (PM) on birth weight in full-term children remains unclear. Our study aimed to explore the causal effect of maternal PM exposure during pregnancy on birth weight of full-term offspring. Subjects, from the birth cohort in Jinan City, were born at full term, singleton, and with normal birth weight. The daily exposure concentration for each mother during pregnancy and the mirror period was assessed by the inverse distance weighted method. The generalized linear models and negative control exposures method were used to evaluate causality between them through evaluating known and unknown confounding. Finally, 4114 subjects were included in this study. In the entire pregnancy, for a 10 μg/m3 PM increase, the reduction of the birth weight was 17.36 g (95%CI: −30.96 g, −3.77 g) for PM10 and 28.92 g (95%CI: −56.96 g, −0.89 g) for PM2.5 after adjusting known confounding, and it was 26.93 g (95%CI: −44.82 g, −9.03 g) for PM10 and 34.41 g (95%CI: −68.28 g, −0.54 g) for PM2.5 after assessing unknown confounding. Additionally, in the first and third trimester, they were 24.13 g (95%CI: −36.41 g, −11.84 g) and 11.60 g (95%CI: −22.75 g, −0.35 g) for PM10, and 30.53 g (95%CI: −55.15 g, −5.91 g) and 29.47 g (95%CI: −54.98 g, −3.96 g) for PM2.5, respectively. Consequently, there was a causal effect of maternal exposure to PM during pregnancy on birth weight loss of full-term offspring. The first and third trimester may be the critical windows.

Optimal Planning of Electric Vehicle Charging Stations Considering User Satisfaction and Charging Convenience

To solve the problem of layout design of charging stations in the early stage of the electric vehicle industry, the user’s satisfaction and the charging convenience are considered. An electric vehicle charging station site-selection model is established based on the kernel density analysis of the urban population. The goal of this model is maximum electric vehicle user satisfaction and the highest charging convenience. Then, according to model characteristics, the immune algorithm is designed and optimized to solve the model. The optimization of the immune algorithm includes two aspects. On the one aspect, judging that the stop condition is added in the mutation link. On the other aspect, two mutation operators are designed in the optimized immune algorithm. Finally, the simulation example is determined by a three-step method in Jinan City. The results show that the electric vehicle charging station site-selection model in this paper can better meet user needs compared with traditional models. Compared with the traditional immune algorithm, the convergence speed of the optimized immune algorithm is improved, and the proposed algorithm is superior to the traditional immune algorithm in terms of stability and accuracy.

“One or Two?”: Fertility Decisions After the One-child Policy in China

The one-child policy, as a government-guided family planning and birth control policy, lasted for nearly thirty years beginning in the 1970s. As the decreasing fertility rate in modern Chinese society caused many problems, such as a demographic imbalance, the government decided to establish the universal two-child policy in urban areas in 2015. However, the fertility rate did not rise as much as the government expected. To study the reasons for the continuously low fertility rate, I conducted 20 semi-structured qualitative interviews with 20 young married heterosexual couples in the city of Jinan, Shandong province, China. Throughout this paper, I focus on the role of kinship and the socioeconomic barriers to having a second child in urban Chinese families after the establishment of the two-child policy. The main reasons explaining the unexpected low fertility rate after the universal two-child policy in urban areas are first, increasing cost of investing in children, and second, the lack of interaction with cousins. This research outlines demographic policy and how fertility ideology and family decisions changed through policy changes.

Associations between personal fine particulate matter and blood lipid profiles: A panel study in Chinese people aged 60-69 years

Objective: To explore the association between short-term exposures to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on blood lipids in the elderly. Methods: In this panel study, five repeated measurements were performed on 76 people aged 60-69 in Jinan city. Each participant had a PM2.5 monitor for 72 hours before each health examination, including a questionnaire survey, physical examination, and biological sample collection. Serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were examined, and non-HDL-C concentrations were calculated by subtracting HDL-C from TC. The generalized linear mixed-effects model was used to quantify the association of personal PM2.5 exposure at different lag with blood lipids and dyslipidemia. Results: The age of 70 participants was (65.0±2.8) years, of which 48.6% (34/70) were males. The BMI of participants was (25.0±2.5) kg/m2. Their TC, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, and non-HDL-C concentrations were (5.75±1.32), (1.55±0.53), (3.27±0.94), (1.78±0.52), and (3.97±1.06) mmol/L, respectively. Generalized linear mixed-effects model showed that after adjusting for confounding factors, at lag 72 hours, each 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 was associated with the percentage change in TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and non-HDL-C about 1.77% (95%CI: 1.22%-2.32%), 1.90% (95%CI: 1.18%-2.63%), 1.99% (95%CI: 1.37%-2.60%) and 1.74% (95%CI: 1.11%-2.37%), and the OR values (95%CI) of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and hyperbetalipoproteinemia were 1.11 (1.01-1.22), 1.33 (1.03-1.71) and 1.15 (1.01-1.31), respectively. Conclusion: There is a significant association of short-term PM2.5 exposure with the concentration of blood lipids and the risk of dyslipidemia in the elderly.

Numerical Simulation of Deformation and Failure of Drainage Boat Pond Caused by Underground Coal Mining-Induced Subsidence

The prediction of surface subsidence after underground coal mining is of practical significance for land planning and utilization in subsidence area. For a case study, the deformation and failure of a drainage boat pond caused by an underground coal mining-induced subsidence are investigated (the drainage boat pond is located in the Nanyang Lake Farm, Jining City, China). A mining subsidence prediction model suitable for the irregular coalface is established using the improved probability integral method to analyze the subsidence parameters. A numerical model of the boat pond deformation is established to simulate the stress, displacement, and plastic zone distribution of the boat pond. The boat pond deformation prevention structure is proposed from the prospects of pond bottom, pond slope, and pond slope protection. Moreover, the reinforcement of drainage boat pond is achieved in five steps. Finally, the deformation and failure state of the reinforcement boat pond under coal mining subsidence is simulated, and the rationality of the reinforcement measures is also verified by a field investigation. The research results have an important practical significance for water resource protection and structure construction in underground coal mining-induced subsidence.

중국 주택가격 형성요인에 관한 연구

Qingdao City is main city of Shandong Province along with Jinan City, one of Shandong Province's major cities. As the interest of the housing market is increasing, studies on Chinese real estate are also being actively conducted. However, the reserch on the housing price in Qingdao is relatively insufficient. The purpose of this study is to analyze the housing market in Qingdao and to analyze the formation factors for housing price in Qingdao. Hedonic price model was used as a model to analyze the housing price formation factors in Qingdao City, and data were collected from China's major housing trading site, Soupang Mang. The subjects of the study were six districts: Shinan, Shibei, Licang, Laoshan, Chengyang and Huangdao District. and the time range is for houses traded from 2014 to 2016. Housing characteristics affecting Qingdao housing prices are divided into regional characteristics, complex characteristics, household characteristics, and location characteristics. The main analysis results are as follows. First, in the regional characteristics, the prices of houses located in Shinan, Shibei, Licang, and Laoshan district were higher than those in other regions. Second, in the characteristics of the complex, the more the total number of households in the complex, the shorter the elapsed years, the more famous the contractor who built the house, the house has a higher price. Third, in the characteristics of the household, the larger the supply area, the higher the price when the household's scent is south or south. Lastly, in terms of location characteristics, it was found that the distance from the park or bus stop is short, or the prices of houses located close to the subway are high.

Research on the Temporal and Spatial Evolution of the Dynamic Coupling and Coordinated Development of Two-Way FDI in Jinan City

Under the background of "dual circulation", to implement the international investment concept of "bringing in" and "going global", it is urgent to realize the coupling and coordinated development of IFDI and OFDI. On the basis of trying to explore the coupling and coordination mechanism of two-way FDI in Jinan City, this paper uses the system coupling evaluation model to measure the coupling degree and coupling coordination degree. The results show that from 2003 to 2020, the coupling degree of two-way FDI in Jinan was at a high level of coupling, but the coupling coordination degree was low.

Authentic leadership and innovation behaviour among nurses in China: A mediation model of work engagement.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of authentic leadership on nurses' innovation behaviour and the mediating role of work engagement. Encouraging nurses to generate more innovation behaviours has become an important development direction for improving the quality of nursing services. We employed a self-report questionnaire to collect data in Jinan City, China. A total of 2018 valid surveys were obtained. Hierarchical multiple regression model analysis was conducted to test the study hypothesis. The mean values of authentic leadership were 55.72 and 35.29, respectively. It shows that nurses can perceive the authenticity of managers, and their innovation behaviours need to be improved. Work engagement was found to have partially mediating effect on the relationship between authentic leadership and innovation behaviour. Results suggest the importance of developing nurse managers' authentic leadership to foster nurses' work engagement and innovation behaviour. Hospitals should enhance authentic leadership by designing leadership training programmes and establishing authentic culture. In addition, nursing managers can also foster nursing innovation through improvements in work engagement. The study data were collected via questionnaires, and we sent out questionnaires with informed consent forms to the study subjects. All valid subjects signed the consent forms and agreed to join this study. In addition, the questionnaires were collected anonymously, and all the subjects' information is strictly confidential. More importantly, the data are only used for research and do not involve any commercial interests.

Risk Factors Affecting Cognitive Impairment of the Elderly Aged 65 and Over: A Cross-Sectional Study.

ObjectivesElderly population with cognitive impairment has been accelerating in China. This study aimed to explore the relationship between each risk factor and each cognitive domain to provide evidence for risk prevention of controlling impaired cognitive function in elderly.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed the cognitive status of the elderly aged 65 and above in three communities in Shizhong District of Jinan City. Cognitive status was assessed by MMSE. The influencing factors of cognitive impairment were analyzed by chi square test, correlation analysis and regression analysis.ResultsAmong 1,171 participants, 643 were defined as cognitive impairment with an incidence of 54.9%. And we found that there were significant differences in the incidence of cognitive impairment among residents with different gender, age, education level, hypertension and LDL-C (P < 0.05). However, BMI, marital status, smoking, physical exercise, T2DM, TC, TG and HDL-C had no significant differences in the incidence of cognitive impairment. In addition, education level (b = 1.194, P <0.001), age (b = −0.040, P = 0.001), LDL-C (b = 0.169, P = 0.018) had statistical significance on the total score of MMSE according to binary logistic regression analysis.ConclusionGender, age, education level, hypertension and LDL-C had significant differences in the incidence of cognitive impairment. And these risk factors could provide a basis for the early screening and intervention of cognitive impairment in the elderly.