Jilin City Research Articles

Research on Ozone Pollution Characteristics and Source Apportionment During the COVID-19 Lockdown in Jilin City in 2022

The increasing Ozone (O3) concentration in various regions of China has garnered significant attention, highlighting the need to understand the mechanisms of O3 formation. This study focuses on the source apportionment of O3 in Jilin City during and after the COVID-19 lockdown countermeasure, and also the influence of anthropogenic emissions on O3 concentration. The contributions of different O3 emission sources were quantified using the Weather Research and Forecasting Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ) model in conjunction with the Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM). The results indicate a significant increase in O3 concentrations during the lockdown in Jilin City, which were particularly characterized by long-distance transportation. Transportation is identified as the primary direct source of O3 in Jilin City, with Yongji County contributing the most among the six designated regions. This study highlights variations in the causes and sources of O3 pollution among the different regions of Jilin City. Simply controlling anthropogenic emissions is inadequate for effectively managing O3 pollution and may even worsen the situation. It is more effective to focus on controlling O3’s precursors. These findings improve the understanding of O3 pollution in Jilin City and provide valuable insights for developing O3 control policies. Similarly, this research is applicable to other countries and regions.

The application effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma combined with negative pressure sealing drainage technology in pressure ulcer wound repair.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of combining autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) for the repair of pressure ulcers. We included 90 patients with pressure ulcers from General Technology Gemstone Flower Healthcare Jilin City Hospital of Chemical Industry between January 2021 and December 2023. Patients were randomly assigned to either a control group or an observation group, with 45 patients in each. The control group received NPWT alone, while the observation group received a combination of PRP and NPWT. Outcomes were compared between the groups, including clinical efficacy, wound recovery time (infection control time, wound healing time, hospital stay), levels of inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count), pain scores (numerical rating scale), Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing scores, and incidence of complications. The observation group demonstrated a total effective rate of 95.56% (43/45), significantly higher than the control group's 80.00% (35/45) (P < .05). Additionally, the observation group had significantly shorter infection control times, wound healing times, and hospital stays (P < .05). Two weeks post-surgery, the observation group had significantly lower levels of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and white blood cell count, as well as reduced numerical rating scale and Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing scores (P < .05). The incidence of complications was 6.67% (3/45) in the observation group compared to 33.33% (15/45) in the control group, with a significant difference (P < .05). Combining autologous PRP with NPWT significantly improves clinical outcomes, reduces inflammatory responses, decreases pain, accelerates wound healing, and lowers complication rates in patients with pressure ulcers.

The Mediating Role of Teacher Commitment in the Relationship between Principal Leadership and Student Motivation in Visual Art Education in Changyi District, Jilin City

The Mediating Role of Teacher Commitment in the Relationship between Principal Leadership and Student Motivation in Visual Art Education in Changyi District, Jilin City

Downscaling soil moisture in regions with high soil heterogeneity: the solution based on ensemble learning with sequential and parallel learner

Soil moisture plays an important role in the water and heat exchanges between the land surface and atmosphere, and it has great importance for agricultural production, ecological planning, and water resources management. Although microwave remote sensing has been widely used in large-scale soil moisture monitoring, the accuracy of the downscaled retrieval results cannot be guaranteed for regions with high vegetation coverage and high soil heterogeneity. To address these challenges, this study built soil moisture indice set based on MODIS and elevation data by calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient (R) and Maximum Information Coefficient (MIC), then constructed decision tree models (Gradient Boosting Decision Tree and Random Forest) about the indice set and low-resolution Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) by using two ensemble learning methods (Bagging and Boosting). The models were applied to the high-resolution soil moisture indices in Jilin Province for the years 2017 to 2020 to generate 1 km-resolution products. In the validation process, Triple Collocation Analysis (TCA), comparison of soil moisture maps with coarse and fine resolution, and in-situ measurements in Lishu County, Tongyu County, and Jilin City were used to evaluate the differences between downscaling soil moisture results and ground observations at network, seasonal and point scales. The results were as follows: (1) The correlation coefficient (R2) calculated by the TCA method was 0.733 (GBDT_36km) > 0.649 (RF_36km), and the error variance was 0.0004 (GBDT_36km) < 0.00058 (RF_36km). (2) R at network scale was 0.798 (GBDT_SM) > 0.662 (RF_SM), RMSE was 0.040 (GBDT_SM) < 0.044 (RF_SM), the point scale R was 0.864 (GBDT_SM) > 0.833 (RF_SM), RMSE was 0.029 (GBDT_SM) < 0.039 (RF_SM). The R in four stages of the growth period was GBDT_SM > RF_SM, RMSE was GBDT_SM < RF_SM. In conclusion, the GBDT and RF models can reliably downscale soil moisture in Jilin Province, and the Boosting ensemble learning method represented by GBDT had a better estimation performance.

Jilin city central wastewater treatment plant renovation design scheme

Jilin City is one of the top ten famous Chinese cities worth introducing to the world. To further improve the construction of urban infrastructure and meet the needs of the economic and social development of Jilin City, the Jilin City Government Joint Development and Reform Commission and the Ecological Environment Bureau decided to expand and renovate the former Jilin City wastewater treatment plant. This study designs a wastewater treatment plant by comprehensively considering the policy needs and the local basic background characteristics of Jilin to solve the wastewater overflow problem. The design modified the anaerobic tank and Carroussel oxidation ditch processes, which have more advantages than traditional treatment processes, mainly including better BOD, nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, less power consumption, and lower operating costs. This treatment plant design contains two special characteristics: the design considers the overall plan and pipeline layout of the wastewater treatment plant, and the size data of each module are calculated through theoretical study conforming to the real case.

A study on natural ventilation of dormitories for college students in northeast China during spring: A case of linear-shaped dormitory buildings

This study employed computational fluid dynamics to investigate the natural ventilation efficiency and indoor air temperature changes in different rooms of a linear-shaped dormitory building at a university in northeastern China during the spring season. Using a four-student dormitory in Jilin City as a physical model. Volume ratio of air age curves, depicting indoor air quality, are constructed based on air age values. Due to the dormitory building's symmetry, five wind angles, averaged from 0° to 90° (N - E), are chosen as typical. The results indicate that, following adequate ventilation, the average indoor air temperature (Temstabilize) can be stabilized above 11 °C in rooms located on the leeward side of the dormitory building. Specifically, rooms located on the upwind area at wind angles of 22.5° and 45°, as well as rooms near the environmental air inlets and outlets at wind angles of 67.5° and 90°, can maintain an average air temperature above 15 °C. However, the minimum continuous ventilation time (Tmin) required for these rooms exceeds 1200 s. On the windward side of the dormitory building, rooms near the environmental air inlets and outlets exhibit high ventilation efficiency, but the air temperature in these rooms decreases more rapidly. When the wind angle is 45°, 67.5°, or 90°, the average indoor temperature in these rooms falls below 11 °C. Through normalization analysis, a significant linear relationship is observed between Tmin and Temstabilize data, represented by the numerical relationship Tminnorm=1.0134×Temstabilizenorm. The findings of this study are valuable for assisting students in developing ventilation plans and can also serve as a reference for architects designing dormitory buildings based on prevailing wind directions in the area.

CHALLENGES AND BUSINESS OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANCHU EMBROIDERY AS A TOURISM SOUVENIR PRODUCT IN JILIN CITY

There is a unique type of embroidery in Jilin called Manchu embroidery. The Manchu is an ethno-linguistic group in northeast China. The town of Ula Manchu is located in Jilin City and has a history of more than 600 years. It is one of the important birthplaces of the Manchu people. It still retains Manchu cuisine from the Qing Dynasty, which has become an important tourist resource. Meanwhile, Jilin City also has a famous international ski resort. Every year, tourists from all over the world look forward to the food and specialties of Ula Street Manchu Town. Current Manchu embroidery souvenir products are misleading in terms of cultural expression product development. Given the potential of Manchu embroidery souvenirs to improve the local tourism economy and the recognition of this ethnic culture, this study aims to identify the unsuitable pattern categories in its Manchu embroidery culture for development as tourism products and to assess the business opportunities and challenging environment for developing Manchu embroidery. This study adopts a qualitative method to identify the potential and obstacles of developing Manchu embroidery into a tourism product. At the same time, it provides more thinking about the material culture protection methods of the Ula Manchu. This study adds to the literature on the Ula Manchu and can be used as a solution to the problem of indigenous tourism. industry-related issues that can be addressed with the support of policy interventions.

Near-Infrared Off-Axis integrated cavity output spectroscopic sensor system for ammonia leakage measurement in cold store using embedded Multi-Core processor

A near-infrared off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopic (OA-ICOS) sensor system for ammonia (NH3) leakage detection was developed. A distributed feedback (DFB) laser was used to target the absorption line of NH3 at 6612.167 cm−1. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the sensor system. When the averaging time is 0.8 s, the detection limit (1σ) of NH3 is ∼ 1.21 parts-per-million by volume (ppmv) using wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS). The 10–90 % response time of the NH3 sensor system is ∼ 7.2 s. Based on the developed local monitoring and control platform (LMCP), cloud server, remote monitoring and control end (RMCE), the unattended NH3 leakage detection experiments were carried out in a cold store located in Jilin City. The experimental results confirmed the rapid detection capability of the reported sensor system for NH3 leakage as well as the capability of remote monitoring and control.

Research on the Current Situation and Countermeasures of Extracurricular Sports Activities for Female College Students in Jilin City

This article uses the literature method, questionnaire survey method and mathematical statistics method as the research methods. It takes female college students from Jilin Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin Medical University, and Jilin Beihua University as the survey subjects to investigate the participation of female college students in extracurricular sports activities in Jilin City. A series of analyzes and studies were conducted on attitudes, grade distribution, motivations, projects, forms, times, duration, location status and influencing factors. Female college students in Jilin City participate in extracurricular sports activities in a variety of ways. Most of them participate with classmates and friends and in various ways organized by the school. The main motivations are to enhance their physical fitness and enjoy physical and mental pleasure. The main participants in extracurricular sports activities are freshmen and sophomores, and most of the sports are less confrontational and suitable for women. Female college students in Jilin City mainly engage in extracurricular sports activities in free venues, and the time and frequency of activities are relatively reasonable. The factors that affect female college students’ participation in extracurricular sports activities are also multi-faceted. Among them, sports ability, personal interests, sports awareness, insufficient sports facilities, lack of organizational guidance, and campus sports atmosphere are all factors that restrict female college students’ participation in extracurricular sports activities.

The Configurational Structures of Social Spaces: Space Syntax and Urban Morphology in the Context of Analytical, Evidence-Based Design

This article presents an argument for the enhanced utilisation of urban morphology in urban design, drawing inspiration from space syntax theory and methodologies, advocating for the integration of social, economic, and cultural considerations alongside physical structures. This perspective shift entails transitioning from descriptive analysis to quantitative inquiries for the prediction and assessment of urban dynamics. By incorporating spatial analysis and socio-economic factors, urban morphology offers a competent understanding of the complexities inherent to urban environments. This comprehension supports the development of evidence-based designs and predictive models that enable such an approach in urban design. To operationalise this approach, the article introduces a methodology that interlinks urban morphology and design through a cyclic process encompassing analysis, design, evaluation, and further design development. This framework is illustrated through the case study of Jilin City, where an assessment of the public transport system led to a comprehensive urban design strategy. The study demonstrates how urban morphology insights, supported by analytical investigations enabled by space syntax methodology, can actively influence urban design and planning practices. By effectively embedding this morphological approach, urban designers and planners acquire the tools needed to navigate the evolving urban systems while respecting the interplay between physical structures and human existence. The article concludes by highlighting the need for an ongoing evolution of this approach to maintain relevance in shaping future urban settings.

Recovery of Urban and Rural Economy and Vitality under the Background of Post-covid Situation -- Taking Chuanying District of Jilin City as an Example

Since the Covid-19, the recovery of economic vitality has long been the focus of governments at all levels. As an important module of economic revitalization, promoting the growth of its economic system has been a long-term policy of the country. To this end, the country has been putting forward the economic policy of common development of urban and rural areas since the 19th National Congress. Based on the vigorous implementation and continuous deepening of the current policy, this paper, based on the various problems and opportunities faced in the current urban and rural economic development, combined with the accumulation of personal daily work in the Chuanying District of Jilin City, analyzes the reasons in depth, actively improves the plan, and tries to explore effective measures to promote the development of China's agricultural economy, which has a very positive role in promoting the improvement of the quality of national life and promoting the efficient construction of urban and rural economies.

基于SERVQUAL模型的吉林市中小学能源教育服务质量评价研究

基于SERVQUAL模型的吉林市中小学能源教育服务质量评价研究

Analysis of the Impact of Meteorological Factors on Ambient Air Quality during the COVID-19 Lockdown in Jilin City in 2022

This paper explored the changes of six significant pollutants (PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2, O3, and CO) in Jilin City during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in 2022, and compared them with the same period of previous years to analyze the impact of anthropogenic emissions on the concentration of pollutants; The Weather Research and Forecasting Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF–CMAQ) model was used to evaluate the effect of meteorological factors on pollutant concentration. The results showed that except for O3, the concentrations of the other five pollutants decreased significantly, with a range of 21–47%, during the lockdown period caused by the government’s shutdown and travel restrictions. Compared with the same period in 2021, the decrease of PM2.5 was only 25% of PM10. That was because there was still a large amount of PM2.5 produced by coal-fired heating during the blockade period, which made the decrease of PM2.5 more minor. A heavy pollution event caused by adverse meteorological conditions was found during the lockdown period, indicating that only controlling artificial emissions cannot eliminate the occurrence of severe pollution events. The WRF–CMAQ results showed that the lower pollutant concentration in 2022 was not only caused by the reduction of anthropogenic emissions but also related to the influence of favorable meteorological factors (higher planetary boundary layer thickness, higher wind speed, and higher temperature).

Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of Occult Transmission of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Epidemic

At present, the Omicron variant is still the dominant strain in the global novel coronavirus pneumonia pandemic, and has the characteristics of concealed transmission, which brings heavy pressure to the health systems of different countries. Omicron infections were first found in Chinese Mainland in Tianjin in December 2021, and Omicron epidemic broke out in many parts of China in 2022. In order to enable the country and government to make scientific and accurate decisions in the face of the epidemic, it is particularly important to predict and analyze the relevant factors of Omicron’s covert transmission. In this paper, based on the official data of Jilin City and the improved SEIR dynamic model, through parameter estimation, the contact infection probability of symptomatic infected persons in Omicron infected patients is 0.4265, and the attenuation factor is 0.1440. Secondly, the influence of infectious duration in different incubation periods, asymptomatic infected persons and other factors on the epidemic situation in this area was compared. Finally, the scale of epidemic development was predicted and analyzed.

Ethnic self-awareness and cross-cultural communication of international students in the People’s Republic of China (Autoconcepto étnico y comunicación intercultural entre los estudiantes internacionales en la República Popular China)

ABSTRACT In the modern world the concept of multiculturalism is actualized. The main purpose of the study was to determine the level of ethnic identity of international students. The study involved 248 international students from Changchun Normal University (Jilin City, China). The results show an increase in the level of ethnic identity of students. The analysis made it clear that the comparison led to a positive mean (r = .60, p < .05), so that the value of cultural intelligence increased over time. These data validated the U-shaped theory of cross-cultural adaptation, with all ethnic groups experiencing it. The practical significance of the results and prospects for further research are explained by the two possibilities of using the proposed methodology to study the level of ethnic identity of students from other countries to study the problem of multiculturalism in the modern world.

Characteristics and source profiles of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the heavy industrial province of Northeast China with cruise monitoring

As key precursors of tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution, volatile organic compound (VOC) pollution and related studies in China are mainly concentrated in developed regions or metropolises, while there are few studies on VOC pollution in the heavy industrial base in Northeast China. This study conducted a systematic survey of VOCs’ information for the first time in Jilin Province, covering eight prefecture-level cities, ten major industries (e.g., petrochemical, chemical), and 130 major factories, based on cruise monitoring for 2 months. The concentrations and compositions (i.e., 65 species) of VOC were measured in real-time. The emission characteristics of VOC, local source profiles, and the ozone formation potential (OFP) were further analyzed to support O3 pollution control in Northeast China. On the provincial scale, the concentrations of total VOC during the monitoring period ranged from 0.03 to 18321.5 μg/m3, and averaged at 607.9 ± 2051.8 μg/m3. Among the prefecture-level cities, Jilin City had the highest concentration level (1938.0 ± 3811.3 μg/m3) given the largest numbers of petrochemical factories, and the lowest level (85.5 ± 48.9 μg/m3) was found in Liaoyuan City. At the industrial scale, the highest (1915.2 ± 1842.6 μg/m3) was detected in the petrochemical industry with a major species of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. The lowest VOC emission concentration levels were found in the textile industry (57.8 ± 44.6 μg/m3; major species: xylene/ethylbenzene). Local source profiles in various industries were established, and normalized OFP of corresponding species was calculated, which are important parameters to evaluate the contribution of different VOC sources to O3 pollution. Combined with provincial industrial structure and future planning, we suggest two major industries including the chemical industry and petrochemical industry in Changchun City and Jilin City are prior to being optimized to reduce O3 pollution. This study contributes to the knowledge of the characteristics and source profiles of VOC emissions, providing an important reference for the management or control of O3 pollution in Northeast China.

Preliminary Study of the Protectiveness of Vaccination Against the COVID-19 in the Outbreak of VOC Omicron BA.2 - Jilin City, Jilin Province, China, March 3-April 12, 2022.

What is already known about this topic?An outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) of Omicron BA.2 emerged in Jilin City since March 3, 2022, which involved in 27,036 cases by April 12. The vaccination program with inactivated COVID-19 vaccines has been implemented since the beginning of 2021.What is added by this report?The incidences of moderate, severe, and critical cases in the whole population of the group of 0+1 dose were 1.82-, 9.49-, and 3.85-fold higher than those in the group of 2 doses, and 5.03-, 44.47-, and ∞-fold higher than those received 3 doses vaccination. For the population ≥60 years, the incidences of moderate, severe, and critical cases in the group of 0+1 dose were 29.92, 9.62, and 4.27 per 100,000, showing 4.13-, 43.72-, and 4.85-fold higher than 2 doses, as well as 13.28-, 22.37-, and ∞-fold higher than 3 doses.What are the implications for public health practice?The incidences of each type of COVID-19 in the population who were fully vaccinated or booster vaccinated in Jilin City were significantly lower than those who were unvaccinated and/or partially vaccinated. Booster vaccination with homologous inactivated vaccines induces stronger protectiveness for COVID-19 caused by variant of concern (VOC) Omicron.

Forecasting regional short-term freight volume using QPSO-LSTM algorithm from the perspective of the importance of spatial information.

It is of great significance to accurately and efficiently predict expressway freight volume to improving the supervision level of the transportation industry and reflect the performance of transportation. Using expressway toll system records to predict regional freight volume plays an important role in the development of expressway freight organization work; especially, the short-term (hour, daily or monthly) freight volume is directly related to the compilation of regional transportation plans. Artificial neural networks have been widely used in forecasting in various fields because of their unique structural characteristics and strong learning ability, among which the long short-term memory (LSTM) network is suitable for processing and predicting series with time interval attributes such as expressway freight volume data. Considering the factors affecting regional freight volume, the data set was reconstructed from the perspective of spatial importance; we then use a quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) algorithm to tune parameters for a conventional LSTM model. In order to verify the efficiency and practicability, we first selected the expressway toll collection system data of Jilin Province from January 2018 to June 2021, and then used database and statistical knowledge to construct the LSTM data set. In the end, we used a QPSO-LSTM algorithm to predict the freight volume at the future times (hour, daily or monthly). Compared with the conventional LSTM model without tuning, the results of four randomly selected grids naming Changchun City, Jilin city, Siping City and Nong'an County show that the QPSO-LSTM network model based on spatial importance has a better effect.

Application of Modified Cloud Model-Level Eigenvalue Method in water quality evaluation

Groundwater quality is affected by numerous uncertain factors, and the evaluation process is liable to randomness and fuzziness. To evaluate the quality of groundwater effectively, this study proposed a multi-index evaluation system termed the Modified Cloud Model-Level Eigenvalue Method (MCM-LEM) model, which is based on cloud model theory. In this evaluation system, the water quality was classified into five levels and several parameters were selected, while the CRITIC objective weight method is used to calculate the weight of each evaluation parameter, before an One-dimensional Normal Cloud Model and a Multi-dimensional Normal Cloud Model are established to obtain the membership degree of water samples pertaining to each water quality level. Finally, the LEM was used to assess the water quality level. In this study, taking the groundwater in the urban area of Jilin City as an example, seven evaluation parameters were selected for water quality evaluation, and the water quality evaluation results using the MCM-LEM model were compared with those obtained via the Single Factor Evaluation Method, the Nemerow Index Method and the Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method. The evaluation results obtained via the MCM-LEM model were largely consistent with those obtained via the other methods. Compared with the other methods, the MCM-LEM model can comprehensively consider the fuzziness and randomness, as well as the correlation between them; can avoid complex function calculations; and can provide more scientific and objective evaluation results. Furthermore, compared with the One-dimensional Normal Cloud Model, the Multi-dimensional Normal Cloud Model comprehensively considers multiple evaluation parameters, which simplifies the modeling process and reduces the calculation times for the membership degree. Meanwhile, using the LEM to determine the water quality level not only overcomes the inapplicability of the Maximum Membership Degree Principle, but also allows for assessing the relative advantages and disadvantages of different water samples of the same level. The proposed method can be used to the evaluation of the groundwater quality in other areas, enabling the planning and management of groundwater resources.

First Report of Brown Rot of fruit on Vitis amurensis Caused by Monilinia polystroma in China.

Vitis amurensis Rupr. (Amur grape) is a wild grape genetic resource widely distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, and Inner Mongolia, among other places in China (Song et al. 2009) and the Russian Far East and Korean Peninsula. In September 2018, brown rot symptoms were observed at ripening stage on the fruits of a 5-year-old Amur grapevine germplasm resources nursery of the cultivar 'Beibinghong' and a few Russian resources in Zuojia Town, Jilin City, Jilin Province, China. The diseased fruit surface became brown with soft rot and produced buff to brownish-grey sporodochia with conidia. Around 180 plants of 'Beibinghong' were examined which had 8 % incidence. Forty five samples were collected from symptomatic fruits of 15 randomly sampled 'Beibinghong' grape clusters, cut into 5-mm2 pieces of diseased tissue, surface sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 2 min, rinsed three times with sterile water, dried on sterilized filter paper, and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Thirteen monosporic isolates were obtained using the single-spore isolation method with incubation at 25°C and a 12-h light/12-h dark cycle. The average colony diameter was 46-49 mm after 4 days of culture on PDA. Colonies were white to grayish with even margins. Irregular black stromatal crusts were observed on the reverse side of dishes 10 days after inoculation. Conidial spores were produced when cultured on cherry agar at 25°C under near-ultravolet light. Spores were single-celled and hyaline, limoniform or ellipsoid, and were produced in branched monilioid chains, 12-22 × 8-13 µm (mean: 15.4 ± 1.03 × 9.01 ± 0.72 µm, n = 50). When conidia were cultured on water agar at 25°C for 18 h, the germ tubes were straight, 700-1,000 µm long, and often with two germ tubes per conidium. Morphological characteristics were consistent with those of Monilinia polystroma (van Leeuwen et al. 2002). To confirm the species identification, two DNA regions of the selected isolate 'VAMPWYZSH8' were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced: the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) was generated using primers ITS1/ ITS4 (Munda 2015) and β-tubulin (TUB2) was amplified using primers Bt2a/Bt2b (Zhu et al. 2016). A BLAST analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the PCR products revealed 100% identity with two M. polystroma sequences in the NCBI GenBank (KJ814976 for ITS, KR778970 for TUB2). Our sequences were deposited in GenBank with accession nos. MT038413 for ITS and MT038414 for TUB2. On the basis of these results, the isolate was identified as M. polystroma. To confirm pathogenicity, 78 fresh and healthy bunches of 'Beibinghong' grapes at ripening were collected, surface disinfected by immersion in 1% NaOCl for 1 min, rinsed three times with sterile water, then allowed to air dry. Under dry aseptic conditions, the fruits were inoculated using the pin prick method. Each wound was inoculated with 10 μl conidial suspension (106 spore ml-1) and incubated at 25°C with about 90% relative humidity and natural light. Inoculation with water was used as control and the experiment was repeated three times. After a 10-day incubation, typical symptoms of brown rot developed on inoculated fruits, while control fruits were symptomless. The fungus was consistently re-isolated only from diseased fruits and showed the same morphological characteristics as the original isolates, thus fulfilling Koch's postulates. This is the first report of M. polystroma on V. amurensis in China. The resulting disease decreases fruit quality and yield, necessitating the development of effective control measures.