MODERN ISRAEL provides an interesting and instructive case-study of intergroup relations in a developing society. Dr. Alex Weingrod's analysisl of this facet of Israel's development, though limited in scope, offers the English reader some insight into one of the central and most difficult internal problems confronting the new State. Kibbutz Hagaluyot (the advocacy of Jewish immigration to Israel) and Mizug Hagaluyot (the integration of the various Jewish communal groups) are twin bulwarks of the Zionist credo. This policy (the equivalent of the American Melting Pot) is a basic part of government programs and is supported by the Jewish Agency (the representative body of the World Zionist Organization as well as by some sympathetic non-Zionist organizations), the Histadrut (the all-powerful Labor Federation) and all the political parties. The Jewish population of Israel was about 2?4 million at the end of 1964. It constituted 89 per cent of Israel's 2?2 million people. The nonJewish population, almost all Arab, lives mainly in the north. To a lesser extent Arabs are found in the central district adjoining the Kingdom of Jordan, and in the far south (the Negev). About three-fourths of the Arab population is rural. The Arabs live mostly in their own villages and towns. There are a few mixed Arab-Jewish towns, but these are more the exception than the rule. In recent years there has been some internal migration of Arabs moving to the Jewish areas to take advantage of the lucrative employment opportunities resulting from the labor shortages which have afflicted the Israeli economy in the 1960's. However, the Arabs who have increasingly penetrated the previously all-Jewish sector of the labor market are essentially commuters for the most part, who return to their villages after work. Another factor which has facilitated the economic integration of the Arabs is the increasing relaxation of restrictions upon their movements within the country. Following the Arab-Jewish conflict in 1947-8, and the independence of Israel, the Arabs within the country were looked upon as a potential Fifth Column who would lend aid and comfort to the enemies of the new State. As Israel's security position improved, espe-
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