Christ Research Articles

Образ «живой земли» в главе «Троицын день» романа И. С. Шмелева «Лето Господне»

This article reveals the features of the artistic embodiment of the image of the “living earth” in the chapter “The Trinity Day” of the novel The Summer of the Lord by the writer of the Russian émigré of the first half of the 20th century Ivan Sergeevich Shmelev. The Summer of the Lord is the pinnacle work in the author’s oeuvre. The book is based on the autobiographical material. In the chapter “The Trinity Day” the author depicted his own childhood memories of celebrating the Orthodox holiday of the Trinity. In the picture of the lush Russian summer nature shown in the chapter “The Trinity Day” and filled with special value and meaning semantics, the image of the blessed “living earth”, correlated with the image of Russia, becomes the leading one. The artistic technique of color painting dominates in revealing the figurative and motif text range, which acquires a symbolic meaning. The motif of the “revival” of the earthly world on the day of the holy celebration reveals the connection of Christian ideas about God as a life-giving principle, the source of real life. Images of birches, motifs of light, brilliance, fragrance, and spiritualization of the earth receive the important symbolic and spiritual significance in the narrative structure of the chapter “The Trinity Day”. The image of the “living earth” in the text of the novel The Summer of the Lord acquires a universal, comprehensive meaning, includes not only images of nature, but also the home space surrounding the main character of the work – a seven-year-old Vanya, as well as images of the temple, Moscow, the Kremlin. The main idea of this chapter of the novel is the belief in the direct descent of the Lord Jesus Christ on the day of Trinity onto the earthly world in order to bless it. The nostalgic intonation of the adult narrator sounding in the chapter “The Trinity Day”, introduces in the text the idea of making the image of Russia sacred. The bygone childhood and Homeland, forever lost in terrible historical cataclysms, acquire a sacred character, appear in the author’s understanding as the blessed world of Holy Russia. The Russia of his childhood turns out to be included in the single circle of Christian Eternity and existential being.

The God of the cross is One: Engaging the theology of Bram van de Beek

The Dutch theologian, Bram van de Beek, has a radical Christological emphasis in his theology. In this world, we see the cross of Jesus. Essentially, God is One. The Father is the Father of the Son Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit is the Spirit of Christ. The Holy Spirit works primarily in the church and is not a general spirit or a spirit of goodwill. By participating in Jesus’ death and resurrection, the believer receives salvation. Van de Beek is of the opinion that understanding evolution is necessary and that evil in this world should also be regarded in the light of the cross. He is open to criticism in the light of his position on God and the creation regarding the view that death and evil are present from the beginning. One must, however, accept his Christological stance and his view that God is One, as highly acceptable.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article is largely in the field of systematic theology, but mission studies is also relevant in interdisciplinary interaction.

Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Siswa Dengan Model Problem Based Learning Pada Materi Yesus Mewartakan Kerajaan Allah Di Kelas VIII SMP Pengabdi Singkawang Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024

The main problem occurs for this research is the result of Catholics lesson is too low for 8th grades students in Pengabdi Junior High School for informs the Kingdom of Jesus Christ. The matter appears because of the educator could not stimulus the students’ activation in learning progress until they could not able to increase they abilities and creativities critically, results of learning methods and multimedia for educator still in speech method and common discussion which still monotone until the students feels bored and passive to learn the material, especially about “God’s Kingdom”, seems hard because it needs to analyses their meanings and the goals. This case appears badly in students results, because there are many students could not reach the Criteria of Learning Progress. In other hand, the students’ results become lower and does not fulfill the targets. This research aims is to knowing well their results in Catholics Religion for 8th grades students in Pengabdi Junior High School for informs the Kingdom of Jesus Christ through Problem Based Learning method and to indicate the increasing of their lesson. This research runs in Class Research Methods, which be held in two steps. The sources of Data is from Students results in learning and the observation of students of concern in learning. The progress of action in first step, before using Problem Based Learning method from 20 students, there is 65 % which still lower, although the total of good results just 30%. In evaluation of first steps, the researcher use the Problem Based Learning method, there is 70% the total of good results, and there is 30% of students in lower results. This matter happens significantly in second step which the total of good results become 100%. In results, this research shows there is a good progress for students’ result in learning process from the 1st and the 2nd steps. The presentation of students’ progress in learning happens due to progress of students’ interest in learning process through Problem Based Learning method in learning activities.

Inkarnationsdeutung bei Johannes von Damaskus in Auseinandersetzung mit der „koranischen“ Bewegung

Abstract John of Damascus (ca. 650/660 – 754 AD) is one of the first contemporary witnesses to critically examine the emergence of Islam and its holy scripture, the Qur’an. John came from a distinguished Melkite family that held political offices in state finance for generations. Like his father, he was initially a civil servant under the Arab rule of Caliph ‘Abd al-Malik (685 – 705). The anti-Christian movement that began in that time forced him to withdraw from public life and enter the Mar Saba monastery near Jerusalem. While at the monastery, John grappled with the text of the “new” religion and defended the Christian position. In this milieu, the interpretation of the divine incarnation occupied a central position. By demonstrating the divine incarnation in Jesus Christ, John makes convergences with the Qur’anic movement of the new rulers. In doing so, he highlights the Qur’ans high esteem of the Virgin Mary as well as the birth and humanity of her Son, Jesus Christ. In this way, he seeks to bring Christianity into agreement with the Qur’an and to break down theological barriers.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Materi Yesus Kristus Pemenuhan Janji Allah dengan Model Problem Besed Learning di Kelas VIII SMPN Satap 1 Pulau Malan

The independent curriculum emphasizes the Pancasila student profile. In this classroom action research, the researcher focuses on the dimension of independence which is based on the importance of forming strong character and mental attitudes in the younger generation, especially in facing complex global challenges. Improving learning outcomes through the PBL model on the material Jesus Christ Fulfilling God's Promises. The Class Action Research Report in this study aims to find out whether student learning achievement has increased after implementing the Problem Based Learning Model in Catholic Religious Education and Character Education Subjects for Students in Class VIII of One Roof 1 State Middle School, Malan Island in 2023/2024? The research object is the Problem Based Learning (PBL) Model, the form of research is Classroom Action Research with a cycle model, each cycle consists of four stages including: planning stage, implementation stage, observation stage and reflection stage. . The data analysis technique used consists of data reduction by selecting raw data into information, data presentation, namely presenting data in the form of descriptions, graphs, tables and drawing conclusions by making conclusions from research results that refer to the problem formulation. The use of the Problem Based Learning model according to the syntax which includes orienting students to problems, organizing students to learn, guiding individual and group investigations, developing and presenting results, analyzing and evaluating the problem solving process, is effective in helping increase learning motivation and student independence in material on Jesus Christ Fulfilling God's Promise in class VIII of SMPN Satap 1 Malan Island The data collection technique used by researchers was to observe students' activities guided by the P3 rubric. The results of observations from the three participants from the five students in cycle 1 averaged 74% and in cycle II 88% while the learning outcomes were in cycle! I the average was 81.5%, and in cycle II it increased to an average of 86.2%. The increase was seen to be 14% higher than before.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Siswa Pada Pelajaran PAK “Aku Bertumbuh Dan Berkembang Dalam Kebaikan” Menggunakan Metode Problem Based Learning Dengan Media Gambar Dan Video Di Kelas III SD N 155675 Tapian Nauli 3C TAP-TENG

Catholic Religious Education is a field of study that provides teaching about how to behave and act and have adequate knowledge and skills for students, especially Class III students at SD N 155675 Tapian Nauli 3C in living their lives according to the teachings of Jesus Christ. In the context of the Independent Curriculum which emphasizes the Pancasila student profile, researchers emphasize the dimension of independence which is based on the importance of forming strong character and mental attitudes in each student, especially in facing complex global challenges. One learning model that can be applied is Problem Based Learning (PBL) or problem-based learning. The objectives of the research include (1) to determine whether video and image media using the PBL model in class III of SD N 155675 Tapian Nauli 3C Tap-Teng can increase students' learning motivation, (2) to determine the increase in student learning outcomes in PAK lessons in class III SD N 155675 Tapian Nauli 3C Tap-Teng using image and video media. The type of research used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The analysis and data collection techniques used are by examining data available from various sources, namely; questionnaires, interviews, observations and observation sheets that have been recorded, reported and documented, including tests, portfolios and score lists and have three components, namely: a. Data presentation. b. Data reduction c. Drawing conclusions. From the problems found, the author concludes that through image and video media, student learning outcomes can be improved every time a formative test is held. This research uses two cycles of classroom action research. The target of this research is class III students at SD N 155675 Tapian Nauli 3C. Data was obtained from the results of formative tests, observation sheets of teaching and learning activities. From the results of the analysis, it was found that student learning outcomes had increased from pre-cycle to cycle II after using Image and Video Media. The research implementation process showed good changes in student learning outcomes. The level of achievement of student learning outcomes in pre-cycle class III was (33.33%), after conducting research in cycle I, completeness of class III learning (50%), and in cycle II, completeness of class III learning (91.67%). So, the conclusion of this research is that using Image and Video Media can improve the learning outcomes of class III students at SD N 155675 Tapian Nauli 3C, and using Image and Video Media is an alternative that can be used to achieve more satisfactory student learning outcomes. .

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kreatif Siswa Melalui Model PBL Gereja Sebagai Umat Allah FaseF SMKN 1 Kelam Permai

Education is very important in this era of globalization and is even included in the basic needs of every human being because by obtaining education humans will be able to improve their quality of life. Education is also one of the supporting factors for a country's progress, with a country's high level of education it can produce quality human resources and contribute to developing the country. Catholic Religious Education is an effort made so that students have the ability to build a more faithful life. Christian and devoted to God Almighty in accordance with the teachings of the Catholic Church. Building a life of Christian faith means building loyalty to the Gospel of Jesus Christ, which has a single concern, namely the Kingdom of God. The Kingdom of God is a situation and event of salvation: a situation and struggle for peace and justice, happiness and prosperity, brotherhood and loyalty as well as environmental preservation, which is longed for by everyone from various religions and beliefs. Catholic Religious Education lessons are also not included in the subjects that take part in the State Examination. This causes students to underestimate Catholic Religious Education lessons. In situations like that, teachers must be good at creating situations, creative and good at having methods so that PAK learning can be more interesting and arouse students' interest. Based on the researcher's experience of teaching at SMK N 1 Kelam Permai, many students obtained below average learning outcomes and students had little interest in the Catholic religious learning process. They were less interested in participating in PAK learning. They also underestimate PAK learning because they prioritize other subjects. To overcome the problems mentioned above, one of the alternatives proposed by researchers is learning using the Problem Based Learning model with the reward method, which aims to ensure that students' learning outcomes are good and they have a high interest in learning. The Redward method intended in this research is an educational tool for educational efforts to achieve satisfactory learning outcomes and change students' interest in learning for the better. By giving this prize, it is hoped that students will be more interested in participating in lessons, especially in studying material about the Church as God's people. The objectives of this research are 1). PBL learning using the reward method on Church material as God's people can improve student learning outcomes creatively. 2). Increasing creative student learning outcomes in Catholic Religious Education by providing rewards for church material as God's people.3). Knowing students' reactions to the use of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) method by providing rewards to improve students' creative learning outcomes and interest in phase F of SMK N 1 Kelam Permai. In particular, in the material "The Church as God's people" it is hoped that students will be able to find themselves, recognize and accept themselves as members of God's people, and work together in efforts to develop themselves as members of the Church in accordance with God's plan. The Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model by providing rewards can overcome problems in motivating students to be more creative in learning. Redward's way of working is in accordance with the way students learn and encourages students to be more enthusiastic and creative in learning so as to improve student learning outcomes, especially in Catholic religious education.

Pemahaman Iman Kristen Terhadap Kedatangan Anti Kristus Berdasarkan 1 Yohanes 4:1-6

in general from the first century to date, has a lot of deviant teaching from the Bible. Teaching that deviates and is able to shaken the faith of Christians, this can happen if Christians do not hold fast to their faith that he believes in Jesus Christ as the Savior, the research method carried out is a description that can sought how Christians understand the arrival Antichrist and how to reactly perverts, namely first: test the Spirit; Second: Know the Spirit of God and third: know the status of the Son of God.

“Like Little Knives, Stabbing Me”: The Impact of Microaggressions on LGBTQ+ Teens and Their Parents in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐Day Saints

AbstractLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ+) teens raised in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐Day Saints (CJCLDS) experience microaggressions in their religious contexts. Active Latter‐Day Saint parents of LGBTQ+ teens also face microaggressions in their religious environments, despite not holding an LGBTQ+ identity. We examined the impacts of microaggressions and the coping strategies used by 19 dyads of LGBTQ+ teens and their Latter‐Day Saints (LDS) parents to understand how current microaggression and minority stress theories map on to their experiences. Participants described feelings of anger, sadness, fear, disgust, and surprise as well as increases in relationship conflict due to microaggressions. Both parents and teens described religious doubt, disengagement from religion, and feelings of dis‐belonging and disillusionment because of microaggressions. These findings may provide insight into the ways that minority stressors threaten the health and faith of LGBTQ+ teens and their families. Finally, participants reported using a range of coping strategies to buffer against the effects microaggressions, including social support, emotion‐focused, problem‐focused, meaning‐making, and faith‐based approaches to coping. Overall, parents and teens reported similar impacts and ways of coping with microaggressions, demonstrating how minority stress process may be at play on a family‐systems level in the CJCLDS.

Voorbeskikking, goed en kwaad, menslike verantwoordelikheid, en die sending

Predestination, good and evil, human responsibility, and mission. The background of this article is the challenge that Paul deals with in Romans, namely predestination and the reference to good and evil in theology. It seems as if God ordained good and evil. God is, however, holy and totally good. Sources by Augustine, Calvin, Weaver, Van de Beek and others highlight the questions in this regard. The central implications of the cross of Jesus, as well as the issue of human responsibility are extremely relevant in this regard. The objectives are to give a sound theological evaluation of the question of good and evil from the perspective of reformed theology in interaction with Scripture. Interaction with Scripture and theologians leads to a literature study and thereafter exegetical, hermeneutical and systematic theology issues are addressed. The results established that different positions are taken, but God is just and not the author of sin. This implicates a clear view on mission: reject sin and turn to God. The conclusions are: God is holy, but all mankind should reject evil and accept that God is the fountian of good. Mission is the act of the Triune God (missio Dei) in Jesus Christ, through the Holy Spirit, to lead sinners from darkness to God. The good in Jesus Christ, by his death on the cross and in his resurrection, overcame evil.Contribution: The article illuminates the issue of good and evil in a new way and offers insight into its significance for the mission. This has significance for the current missiological engagement.

Yesus Memberi Makan Lima Ribu Orang: Kajian Model Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah

The "problem-based learning model" is learning that uses problems as the core of learning, identifies relevant facts and analyzes problems. The Lord Jesus in His teaching also used problems in preaching the gospel, as in "Jesus fed the five thousand". This research aims to create a problem-based modeling of the biblical text Matthew 14:13-21 about “Jesus feeding five thousand people,” with research questions including: 1) what was Jesus' role as an instructor?; 2) what is the role of students as facilitators; and 3) what is the problem-based learning model in the context of “Jesus Feeding the Five Thousand?” This research uses a qualitative approach with phenomenological methods. In problem-based learning modeling, the selection of problems to be discussed is very important. Learning from Jesus who acted as an instructor and told His disciples to feed five thousand people, as an instructor Jesus set an example and example in solving and solving problems. The disciples acted as facilitators and ministered to the five thousand people present at the time. This research can contribute to profiding an alternative study model in understanding the text of the Bible.

Tanggung Jawab Misioner Guru Kristen Dalam Dunia Pendidikan

Education is an important part of the Christian mission because the Lord Jesus himself emphasized it in the Great Commission as a command that must be carried out. This task is for all Christians who are responsible for transmitting God's truth from generation to generation through teaching. The aim of this research is to focus on Christian teachers as a profession and part of all God's people, who are allowed to be preachers and teachers of God's truth to sinners. The hope is that Christian teachers will not only act as professional workers, but more than that they must carry out their missionary duties as a manifestation of God's call to them. The research method used is the library method. The results of this research are that teachers are a noble task because they carry out the main responsibility of the church, namely education as part of the mission. In this regard, the status as a Christian teacher is God's call which confirms his missionary function and responsibility, namely bringing students or students to the knowledge of the Lord Jesus Christ.

Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Rohani Jemaat Kristus Tentang Makna Persekutuan Ibadah Berdasarkan “Ibrani 10:25”

A growing church is a chursh that is faithful in carrying out its main task of evangelism. A growing church will always obey the commands of the lord jesus as stated in matthew 28:18-20. The goal is to spread the gospel and bring new people into the church congregation. When we talk about churches, we are no only talking about mangnificent physical buildings, but also about the individuals who believe in those churches. The true calling of the church is to be salt and light in this world. The church has the responsibility to be ambassadors who announce the news of salvation to everyone

An Indigenous Force of Pentecostalism in Africa: Indigenous Knowledge System Approach to Decolonization

Pentecostalism in Africa has many expressions, types, and shadows contributing to the challenge of categorisations in the movement. There are some forms of Pentecostalism in Africa that resemble the American context in terms of theology and practice. However, the literature review also demonstrates that other forms are uniquely indigenous, meaning, non-American. In this article, the indigenous force of Pentecostalism was studied through the indigenous knowledge system approach. This was done by making links between indigenous Pentecostalism in Africa and the early indigenous forces. The indigenous Pentecostal liturgy characterized by a song, prayer, and sermon was discussed in detail. The article also demonstrated how the indigenisation of the gospel of Jesus Christ within the Pentecostal movement in Africa has made the movement relevant to Africans. The aim was to demonstrate that the indigenous force of Pentecostalism is relevant to the decolonisation of Westernized Christianity. The article proposes the acknowledgement of the indigenous knowledge system in the Pentecostal tradition which is relevant to the decolonization of the religious sphere in the African context. Keywords: Indigenous Force, Indigenous Liturgy, Indigenous Knowledge, Pentecostalism, Decolonization.

Global arts on mission: Longitudinal perspectives

The conference theme, “Global Arts on Mission: Embedded, Embodied, and Empowered” explored the arts in mission for the first time in the 50-year history of the ASM. This article features the Presidential address from the annual meetings. Its purpose was to consider the dynamics of contextualized arts on mission over the last 45 years drawing from three case studies of my work as a missiologist-cum-ethnomusicologist. The theoretical concept of musicking provides a foundation for exegeting musical cultures, revealing the dialogical nature of shared musical performance. Not only does it point to how the nations around the world continue to discover their unique voices in raising songs of witness and worship to the Lord Jesus Christ, but it also presents longitudinal perspectives of the enduring impact of global arts on mission.

The Christian conception of divine revelation

The fundamental idea of God's communication with people is expressed theologically and significantly through the concept of Revelation. In the continuous search for the truth about himself, the believer grows in knowledge and lives a complex human experience. He fulfills himself not only by the questions he asks, but also by the way he practically responds to divine love, which is manifested in the things and persons of the world and in the new circumstances created by God for each believer, adapted to his specific context. Thus, we believe that the world was created by the Word of God, and that all things came into being out of nothing, as stated in Hebrews 11, verse 3. As there is one God, the one and holy Trinity, there is also one Revelation. This Revelation is itself an eternally open reality in the divine-human sphere, culminating in the profound discovery of the Savior Jesus Christ. He is the Archetype through which the perfect epiphanic singularity manifests its fundamental attributes as expressed in the Chalcedonian formulation.

Menilik Gerakan Misioner dalam Kepemimpinan Petrus Octavianus, serta Kontribusinya Terhadap Gereja dan Bangsa

Not a few people hold leadership positions, but only a handful of people take part as leaders in missionary movements, even though the church has a missionary call that must be fulfilled. It was at this point that Petrus Octavianus appeared in his life and works to show himself as one of the few people whose figure reflects a missionary movement. With his missionary movement, Petrus Octavianus moved across borders to proclaim Christ. The research method used is a qualitative method with a narrative study approach. The results of this research show that a missionary leader can produce works that tend to be unexpected. This is reflected in the experience of Petrus Octavianus as a religious and national figure with a multitude of achievements that have received much appreciation as a manifestation of his theological life journey which was made possible by the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ.

Manfaat Media Internet Sebagai Sarana Katekese

The development of internet-based social media is very influential in today's life and has really attracted the world so that today many people use internet media as a means of communication. Social communication will be more successful and focused if Catechesis is used as a communication of faith. Therefore, it is necessary to follow the development of Internet media as the media of choice for preaching faith in Jesus Christ. Proclaiming good news in today's modern world must utilize the sophistication of internet media as a means of communicating faith that is not hindered by distance and time. With the existence of internet media such as Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, Instagram and TikTok, this is very helpful in preaching faith so that everyone's faith will develop and grow in their daily lives. The purpose of writing this article is to explain how everyone can proclaim the good news about Jesus Christ through internet media. The research was carried out by reviewing the literature regarding forms of online catechesis, namely Online Faith Development (webinar), Online Recollection, and Deepening of the Faith/Holy Scriptures through short videos. And it is hoped that with catechesis via internet media, they can maintain and develop their faith in the Digital Era so that they can have relationships and encounters with others on the internet network.

My Lord! If I live like this, it is not favorable thing! Our Lord Jesus! Amen! Amen! (Tcheonzamun 785th-800th)

French Missionary Dallet (1874) wrote in his book that ‘the thousand character essay’ was utilized as a textbook for the children in old Chinese period. The thousand character essay is called in Korea as ‘Tcheonzamun’ (千字文). There are two methods for the translation of Tcheonzamun poem. The first one is translation through Korean pronunciation of Chinese character on Tcheonzamun (Park et al., 2021b). The second one is through the meaning of Chinese character (Park et al., 2021a). 797-800 屬(Sog) 耳(Ih) 垣(Won) 墻(Zang). 797-800 屬(Sog) 耳(Ih) 垣(Won)-土=(一旦)=二曰 墻(Zang)-土=(墻-土)= 回土人人. My husband! Do you want me (your wife) to listen (耳) well your saying (屬)? In order to do that, there is a way. My husband! Let us turn (回) to each other in the same place (土). Let us look at ourselves face to face (人人). Let us -two of us (二)- have the talk (曰) in the warm atmosphere!

Resounding Through the Ages: The Seven Last Words of Christ

The life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ has served as the source for innumerable musical creations spanning the centuries, including a colorful array of compositions inspired by The Seven Last Words of Christ. This musico-theological analysis is an attempt to describe how Part I of Pamela Decker’s epic work for solo organ, The Seven Last Words and Triumph of Christ, artfully communicates the power, depth, and beauty of Christ’s timeless words by way of pitch, rhythm, texture, registration, and use of pre-existing melody.