Jeju City Research Articles

Prevalence of problematic drinking and its correlates

Finding and treating problem drinking early can improve general prognosis of physical disease and psychosocial burden. The purpose of this study was to find prevalence of problem drinking and correlates of possible depressive symptoms to suggest baseline data. The study subjects were 690 residents，337(48.8%) male. 353(51.2%) female of urban area of Jeju city and data was gathered from trained interviewer using AUDIT and questionnaire about sociodemographic factors and health behavior. Problem drinking was delined as AUDIT total score over 8. Prevalence of problem drinking in urban Jeju city was 22.0% total, 39.5% among male, 5.4% among female. Risk factor of depressive symptoms were younger age, female. poor subjective health status, obese self-image, current smoker. Marital status and depressive symptoms was not statistically significant risk factors with intensive mental health service for those who are young, female and those who have poor health behavior, early detection of problem drinking from community will be important to improve general health status.

자연학습장으로의 활용을 위한 제주시 지역 습지의 식물상에 관한 연구

This study was investigated on biodiversity and life forms of plants distributed in 28 wetlands on Jeju city, in order to apply wetlands to nature exploration sites for environmental education. The 131 kinds of the plants were found on 28 wetlands. The plant biodiversity was relatively high in Ban pond, Jeongmool, Mosanimool, Dolgaegi pond, Woot pond, and etc. The <TEX>$5{\sim}6$</TEX> life forms of plants, relatively high in variousness to other wet lands, were distributed in Mosanimool, Dolgaegi pond, Woot pond, and Yeonhoa pond as well as Jeongmool and Yongsoo reservoir. The 71 kinds, which correspond to 54.2% of plants observed in this study, were identified as hydrophytes. The <TEX>$4{\sim}5$</TEX> forms of hydrophytes were distributed on 23 wetlands, including Jeongmool, Mosanimool, Yongsoo reservoir, Ban pond, Dolgaegi pond, and etc. In conclusion, 5 wetlands such as Jeongmool, Yongsoo reservoir, Dolgaegi pond, Mosanimool and Woot pond were high in variousness of plant life forms as well as biodiversity of plants. These results suggest that 5 wetlands above could be applied as nature exploration sites. In addition, Korean rare and endangered plants such as Isoetes japonica, Nymphoides coreana, Utricularia japonica and Sparganium stoloniferum in this study need to be conserved.

제주시 지역 중학교 학생들의 환경교육에 대한 의식 조사

This study was investigated on the consciousness of middle school students in Jeju city about the environmental education through questionnaire, in order to understand the actual conditions of environmental education and to find out the solutions about them. Middle 'school students responded that environmental education in school was taken at the class for the special activity or voluntary service, not in regular class and was worked as in the form of the field trip. They generally obtain the knowledge and informations on the environmental problems from mass media such as TV, radio and newspaper than from regular environment class in school. And 36.0% of students perceive that environmental education is needed as a regular class and 31.3% of students perceive that the regular class in school is effective to the environmental education. These results suggest that many students are interested in the regular environment class in school. However, the most of students responded that the regular environment class in school is not worked or is not worked at all, suggesting that the environmental education in middle school is not worked effectively. Most of students prefer to take the environment class in the form of observation or field trip, and they think that observation or field trip is more effective to obtain environmental informations. In conclusion, the special activity such as observation or field trip needs to be supplemented to regular environment class in order to improve the environmental education in middle school more effectively.

제주시 정수장 처리수의 급수과정별 수질변화 특성

The purpose of this work is to investigate the water quality change characteristics of treated water in water distribution systems of Water Treatment Plants (WTPs) of Jeju City. For this, the raw water, treated water and tap water that did not pass (named as not pass-tap water) and passed through the water storage tank (named as pass-tap water) were sampled and analyzed monthly from September 2001 to August 2002, for four (W, S, B and O) WTPs except for D WTP (where treated water is not supplied continuously) among WTPs of Jeju City. The concentrations of <TEX>$NO_3^-$</TEX> and <TEX>$Cl^-$</TEX> of treated water in distribution systems changed little, but changed seasonally, which is considered to be based on the seasonal variation of the quality of raw water. The pH of treated water changed little in distribution systems for S WTP, but for the other WTPs, the pH of not pass-tap water was similar to that of treated water and the pH of pass-tap water was higher than that of treated water. The turbidity of treated water in distribution systems changed little except for W2 of W WTP and S4 and S5 of S WTP, where it was higher than that of each treated water. The residual chlorine concentrations between treated water and not pass-tap water changed little, but those between treated water and pass-tap water changed greatly, based on the its long residence time in water storage tank and so its reaction with organic matter, etc or its evaporation. The concentrations of TTHMs (total trihalomethanes) and <TEX>$CHCl_3$</TEX> that induce cancers in water distribution systems of these WTPs, were much lower than their water quality criteria and those in other cities. The concentrations of TTHMs of treated water and not pass-tap water were similar, but concentrations of pass-tap water were 1.5 to 2.0 times higher than those of treated water and not pass-tap water, due to the reaction of residual chlorine and organic matter, etc, with the result of long residence time in water storage tank.

제주시 해안경관을 고려한 해수인수관 관리방안

Water management treatment of coastal region has been an important problem in Jeju city since the distributions of pipeline of the pumping system made a bad view in coastal region. To solve the problem, we observed the pipelines that are on the surface around the coastal region from Tapdong to Doduhang. From the observations, we found that Todong and Dodu areas were not unsightliness because the all pipelines were located in underground. However, the other areas, such area Yongdam, Handugi, Yongdam fishing village, had a serious problem for the coastal landscape view. To solve the problem, at we estimated coastal land color characteristics of Jeju city based on the observation of the pipelines. The estimated color panel shows that the green, blue and grey colors are a dominant factors of the Jeju coastal region. Based on the color panel, we proposed two methods, that is, one is a short time treatment, the other is a long time one. The short is based on the colour treatment, which is pipeline colour changing into surround natural one. The long time is the construction plan design method. Although the later method was very useful in Jeju island. However, it takes a lot of time and money. Therefore, in the situation, the short time is the better than the long time one.

제주시 토양 중 다환방향족탄화수소류(PAHs)의 분포 특성

Sixteen soil samples around six areas (residental area, traffic area, power plant area, incineration area and factory area) where the stationary and mobile sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are estimated to be emitted in Jeju City, were collected during Feburuary to March, 2004, and analyzed for 16 PAHs recommended by US EPA as primary pollutants to investigate their distribution characteristics. The concentrations of total PAHs (t-PAHs) and total carcinogenic PAHs in soils of Jeju City were in the range of on a dry weight basis with a mean value of 87.2 ng/g and with a mean value of 33.4 ng/g, respectively. The concentrations of t-PAHs were low in comparison with those in soils of other domestic and foreign countries. The mean concentrations of t-PAHs and with area decreased in the following sequences: traffic area> incineration area > factory area > power generation area > harbor area enli residental area. The correlation between t-PAHs and were very high , indicating that concentration increases in proportion with t-PAHs. Comparing the distribution ratio of ring PAHs with area among 16 PAHs, it decreased in the order of 4-ring > 5-ring > 6-ring > 3-ring > 2-ring in all the areas except for harbor area. whitens for harbor area it was similar among 3-, 4- and 5-ring with high value. Low and no correlations between t-PAHs and soil compositions (organic matter content and particle size distribution) were observed, which is considered to be caused by the complex factors, such as the loading and characteristics of PAHs and diverse soil environment change, etc. From the examination of the three PAH origin indices, such as LMW/HMW (low molecular weight ring PAHs over high molecular weight ring PAHs), phenanthrene/anthracene ratio and fluoranthene/pyrene ratio, it can be concluded that the soil PAH contaminations were ascribed to strong pyrogenic origin in ail areas except for harbor area and to both pyrogenic and petrogenic origins.

Effects of breath-hold diving on bone mineral density of women divers

Objectives The relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and swimming has been thoroughly researched. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of breath-hold diving on the BMD in the proximal femurs of women divers. Methods A case–control observational study was carried out using health-checks of divers and control subjects at a hospital in Jeju City, South Korea. Women divers ( N = 61) were matched individually with non-diver controls ( N = 61) by age, weight, and postmenopausal year. The bone mineral densities of their proximal femurs (total hip, femoral neck) were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results The average diving year of women divers was 34 ± 13 years. The BMD of divers was higher than that of controls in the total hip and femur neck area ( P < 0.05). On multiple linear regression analysis, age and body weight were predictors of proximal femur bone mineral densities in divers. On linear regression analysis of the proximal femur BMD according to age in divers and controls, the bone mineral densities of divers tend to decrease more rapidly than those of controls in all two areas of the proximal femurs. Conclusions Our study results may suggest that diving in a high-pressure environment is an osteogenic stimulus. However, the weight-supported environment in diving exerts an effect that reduces BMD proportionately to the time spent in the water.

Observational Study of Surface Ozone in Jeju Island

Ozone measurements made from 4 sites in Jeju Island have been analyzed, including those from two urban and two rural locales. The data were analyzed in terms of the seasonal and diurnal trends. It should be clear that the surface ozone levels in Jeju area would be relatively sensitive to the external ozone supply originated from the region of Northeast Asia. It seems to be that due to the reactions of ozone with NOx and CO, the average ozone level in Jeju City appears lower than that in Seogwipo City although Jeju City is the largest city in Jeju Island.

日本と韓国の小学校における給食内容の比較

The state of the school lunch program including nutrient intake, food ingredients, and cooking methods at an elementary school in Jeju city, Korea, was investigated, and the results were compared to the school lunch program in N city, Japan.1) The recommended reference intakes of sodium, lipids, and dietary fiber are not stipulated by law for school lunches in Korea, but all of the stipulated nutrients in Jeju met the reference intakes. There was a need to propose recommended reference intakes of sodium, lipids, and dietary fiber for the school lunch program in Korea.2) About 80% of the lunches in Jeju city, but less than 40% of the lunches in N city, used rice as a staple food. In Jeju city, about 7.5% of the cereals or pulses were added to the rice most of the time. Among the vegetables used in both cities, those used most frequently were Chinese cabbages, onions, and cucumber in Jeju city, and onions, carrots, and Chinese cabbages in N city. In Jeju city, raw Hijiki and Wakame (not dried), fishes, and shellfishes were served more often than in N city. For the seasonings, garlic and red pepper were used in significantly higher amounts in Jeju city than in N city.3) The introduction of the local products and traditional cooking menu in Korea were found in the school lunches in Jeju city. These results suggested that the school lunch is an important curriculum of nutrition education involving diet culture for elementary school children in Korea.

제주시 대기부유부진 중 수용성 이온성분의 입경별 분포특성

Atmospheric particulate matters were collected by 8-stage non viable cascade impactor from October 2002 to August at Jeju City. Eight water-soluble ionic components <TEX>$(Na^+,\;NH_{4}_{+},\;K^+,\;Ca{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;CI^-,\;NO_{3}^-\;and\;SO_{4}^{2-})$</TEX> were analyzed by Ion Chromatography. The concentration of particulate matters and eight water-soluble ionic components were determined to investigate their size distributions. Particulate matters exhibited a tri-modal distribution with peak value around <TEX>$0.9,\;4.0{\mu}m\;and\;9.5{\mu}m.$</TEX> In summer, the last peak value was lower than other season values likely due to particulate matter scavenged by rain water. Four ionic components <TEX>$(Na^+,\;Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+}\;and\;CI^-)$</TEX> exhibited a bi-modal distribution in the coarse mode whereas three ionic components <TEX>$(NH_{4}^+,\;K^+\;and\;SO_{4}^{2-})$</TEX> in the fine mode, with maximum peak value around <TEX>$0.9{\mu}m.\;NO_{3}^-$</TEX> was found in both the coarse and the fine mode. The enrichment factor (E.F.) of each ionic components was calculated. Based upon E.F., it is considered that <TEX>$Na^+,\;CI^-,\;and\;K^+$</TEX> in coarse paricle mode were delivered form oceanic source, but other components might have other source origins.

제주도 해안가에서 측정된 에어로졸의 성분별 입경분포 특성

During the period from April to September 2002, the size distributions of ambient aerosol were measured at the coastal site at Hamduk in Jeju Island. Na<TEX>$\^$</TEX>+/, K<TEX>$\^$</TEX>+/, Mg<TEX>$\^$</TEX>2+/, Ca<TEX>$\^$</TEX>2+/and Cl<TEX>$\^$</TEX>-/ exhibited mostly a bimodal coarse mode size distribution, while ammonium and sulfate were mainly in the fine size range, with maximum at around 0.54<TEX>$\mu\textrm{m}$</TEX>. The average molar concentration ratio of ammonium to sulfate for fine particles was equal to 2.0<TEX>${\pm}$</TEX>0.9. Nitrate was evenly found in both the coarse and fine modes. Elements like Al, Fe, Cu, Mg, Na, Ti, Sr and Mn were dominant in coarse particles, with the maximum at around 5.25<TEX>$\mu\textrm{m}$</TEX>. S and Pb were mainly in the submicrometer size range. Other elements with a fine and coarse modes were V, Ni, Cu, Ba and Mo. The patterns of the size distributions of trace elements measured at the downtown in Jeju City were very similar to those at the coastal site in Hamduk. However, the amplitude of size fractional concentrations at Jeju City was narrower than that at Hamduk. While the mass median diameters for the chemical species originated from the natural origin such as marine and crust were relatively large, those for ammonium, sulfate, S and Pb were very small.

Characteristics of Aerosol Composition at Jeju City, Korea

Aerosol measurement were carried out to investigate the characteristics of its chemical composition directly affected by the local emissions of Jeju City, Jeju Island by using an eight-stage cascade impactor from Dec. 1999 to Aug. 2000. The ambient aerosol concentrations measured at Jeju City were generally very low but the fine particle concentrations were to be higher than the US standard of PM2.5. The majority of sulfate were non sea salt and contained in the fine particles. In the fine particles, the concentrations of Na<TEX>$\^$</TEX>+/, K<TEX>$\^$</TEX>+/, Mg<TEX>$\^$</TEX>2+/, Ca<TEX>$\^$</TEX>2+/, Cl<TEX>$\^$</TEX>-/ and NO<TEX>$\sub$</TEX>3<TEX>$\^$</TEX>-/ had a tendency to increase during the springtime rather than the other seasons. However, the springtime sulfate and ammonium concentrations in the fine particles were slightly lower than those during the other seasons. On the other hand, associated with the coarse particles, the concentrations of ionic species except potassium and ammonium were elevated during the springtime. The calcium concentrations in the coarse particles were increased up to 8 times relative to the other seasons.

Chemical Composition Characteristics of Precipitation at Two Sites in Jeju Island

determined. The reliability of the analytical data was verified by the comparison of ion balances, electric conductivities and acid fractions; all of their correlation coefficients were above 0.94. Ionic strengths lower than 10 -4 M were found in 53% of the 1100 Site samples and 28% of the Jeju city samples. Compared with other inland areas, the wet deposition of Na + , Cl - and Mg 2+ was relatively larger, but that of NH 4 + , nss-SO4 2(non-sea salt sulfate) and NO 3 - was lower. Especially the wet deposition increase of Ca 2+ in the spring season supports the possibility of the Asian Dust effect. The acidification of precipitation was caused mostly by SO 4 2and NO3 - in the Jeju area, and the organic acids have contributed only about 7% to the acidity. The neutralization factors by NH 3 were 0.47 and 0.48, and that of CaCO 3 was 0.31 and 0.25 at the 1100 Site and Jeju city, respectively. Investigation into major influencing sources on precipitation components by factor analysis showed that the precipitation at the 1100 Site had been influenced mostly by an anthropogenic source, followed by soil and seawater sources. The precipitation at Jeju city was mainly influenced by oceanic sources, followed by anthropogenic and soil sources.

제주지역 미세먼지의 오염원 규명에 관한 연구

Samples of size-fractionated PM10 (airborne particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than <TEX>$10\mu\textrm{m}$</TEX>) were collected at an urban site in Jeju city from May to September 2002. The mass concentration and chemical composition of the samples were measured. The data sets were then applied to the CMB receptor model to estimate the source contribution of PM10 in Jeju area. The average PM10 mass concentration was 28.80<TEX>$\mu\textrm{g}/m^3$</TEX> (<TEX>$24.6~33.49\mu\textrm{g}/m^3$</TEX>), and the FP (fine particle with aerodynamic diameter less than <TEX>$2.l\mu\textrm{m}$</TEX> fraction in PM10 was approximately 8% higher than the CP (coarse particle with aerodynamic diameter greater than <TEX>$2.l\mu\textrm{m}$</TEX> and less than <TEX>$10\mu\textrm{m}$</TEX> fraction in PM10. The CP composition was obviously different from the FP composition, that is, the most abundant water soluble species was nitrate ion in the FP, but sulfate ion in the CP. Also sulfur was the most dominant element in the FP, however, sodium was that in the CP. From CMB receptor model results, it was found that road dust was the largest contributor to the CP mass concentration (45% of the CP) and ammonium nitrate, domestic boiler, and marine aerosol were major sources to the CP mass. However, the secondary aerosol was the most significant contributor to the FP mass concentration (45% of the FP). In this study, it was suggested that the contributions of soil dust and gasoline vehicle became very low due to collinearity with road dust and diesel vehicle, respectively.

제주신항의 해상교통안전성평가에 관한 연구

80,000 G/T급 크루즈선이 입항할 수 있는 터미널을 계획하고 있는 제주신항에 대하여 자연 ·환경 조건 및 방파제 등의 구조물 등을 고려하여 선박조종시뮬레이션을 실시하여 입 ·출항 및 접 이안의 안전성을 평가하고자 한다. 안전성 평가는 항로경계의 침범여부, 구조물과의 최근접거리, 선박조종자의 주관적 평가를 통계적으로 해석하는 방법을 이용하였다. In accordance with the development plans of Jeju for international free city, Jeju new harbor will be constructed cosidering supporting Jeju city as an international tour city, safe arrival and departure at the terminal of 80.000G/T cruise ship. In this study, we used a full-mission ship handling simulator adopting 80.000G/T cruise ship manoeuvered at the planned Juju international cruise terminal. Five masters who have had a long experience of shop maneuvering ware called to carry out the simulations of which No. 1 , Np. 2, and No.4 scenario of simulation were tried twice, completed the total of 10 times and No.3 scenario of simulation once, reached at the total of 5 time. The marine traffic safety was assessed in terms of 1) the closest point of approach(CPA) to breakwater and quay in the vicinty and the probability of crossing fairway limit, 2)subjective evaluation such as the mental burden and the maneuvering disfficulty of shiphanders and 3) the opinions of shiphandlers. From th result of this simulation, we have a conclusion that the 80.000G/T cruise ship can be maneuvered safely at the planned terminal.

Analysis on the middle and high school students’ recognition of the environmental problems in Jeju City

Analysis on the middle and high school students’ recognition of the environmental problems in Jeju City

A survey of birds in Jeju (Quelpart) Island

1. The present survey consists of the records of birds sighted or collected in Jeju Island from December 1972 to December 1976; particularly, of the result of the bird censuses conducted in 3 winter seasons and 1 summer season.2. The number of birds hitherto sighted and recorded in Jeju Islands is 198 species and subspecies, and the number of birds either sighted or collected through the present survey is 77 species. Of these, the details noteworthy are as follows:1) One bird species of Japanese Green Pigeon, Sphenurus sieboldii sieboldii (Temminck), which was hitherto unrecorded has newly been added to the list of the Korean birds.2) Eight species of birds have newly been sighted in Jeju Island, which have subsequently been added to the list of birds of Jeju Island.3. During winter seasons, birds censuses were conducted three times in the area of Jeju City via Seongsanpo to Seogwipo that is the east side of Jeju Island and two times in the area from Seogwipo via Moseulpo back to Jeju City that is the west side of Jeju Island.The total number of the birds sighted during the winter seasons is 7, 289 individuals of 58 species. The number of individual birds and species in each area and year are as follows: (Cf. Table 6, Fig. 9.)The area of Jeju City via Seongsanpo to Seogwipo1) December 31, 1972…635 individuals of 25 species2) January 18, 1974…4, 38 individuals of 33 species3) December 3, 1976…508 individuals of 28 speciesThe area of Seogwipo via Moseulpo to Jeju City1) December 31, 1972…248 individuals of 16 species2) January 19, 1974…1, 178 individuals of 26 speciesThe area of Seogwipo via 5.16 Cross Road to Jeju City1) December 3, 1976…174 individuals of 7 speciesAs shown above, in the bird censuses conducted six times during the winter seasons, a total of 7, 289 individuals of 58 species were sighted. Species dominance shows Carrion Crow (32.14%) which is the most dominant, followed by Spotbill Duck (16.51%), Wigeon (7.11%), Meadow Bunting (6.05%) and so on. (Cf. Fig. 9.)4. In the summer season, only one bird census was conducted in the area of Jeju City via Mt. Hanra to 5.16 Cross Road on July 29, 1973. The number of birds sighted in this area is 274 individuals of 22 species. Species dominance shows Bush Warbler (23.35%), which is the most dominant, followed by Great Tit (18.97%), Blue Flycatcher (11.67%), Greenfinch (10.21%), Crowned Willow Warbler (8.75%) and so forth. (Cf. Fig. 10.)5. The sum total of the birds sighted or collected in winter and summer surveys conducted by the authors in Jeju Island from December 1972 to December 1976 is 7, 795 individuals of 77 species. The most dominant species among these is Carrion Crow (30.13%) followed by Spotbill Duck (17.12%), Wigeon (6.65%), Meadow Bunting (5.59%) and so on. (Cf. Fig. 11.)