Nehru Research Articles

Long-term Impact of Soil Test and Targeted Yield Based Nutrient Management on Vertical Variability in Carbon Fractions of a Vertisol under Rice-wheat Cropping Sequence

Aim: To study the Long-term impact of soil test and targeted yield based nutrient management on vertical variability in carbon fractions of a Vertisol under rice-wheat cropping sequence.
 Place and Duration of Study: This research trail was conducted during rabi season of 2020-21 in an on-going research programme of AICRP on STCR initiated during 2008 at the Research Farm of Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur.
 Study Design: The study has consisted of six treatments of nutrient management practices based on soil test and targeted yields of rice and wheat (T1: Control; T2: GRD; T3: T.Y. 50 and 45 q ha-1 for rice and wheat; T4: T.Y. 60 q ha-1; T5: T.Y. 50 and 45 q with FYM 5 t ha-1 for rice and wheat and T6: T.Y. 60 q with 5 t FYM ha-1) at different soil depths (0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm) which were replicated four times in a randomized block design.A total of 72 post- harvest soil samples of wheat were subjected to determination of carbon fractions across the soil depths.
 Results: Results revealed that Carbon fractions in soil were significantly altered by nutrient management practices over soil depths. However, the highest contents of organic and inorganic carbon fractions in soil were obtained under T6 having highest yield target of 60 q along with FYM 5 t ha-1 and the lowest in control. The results showed that contents of carbon fractions of soil were decreased with consecutive increase in soil depths except less labile carbon and inorganic carbon which increased with soil depths.

Effect of Long Term Soil Test Crop Response Based Nutrient Management in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on Physical Properties in a Vertisol

A field experiment was carried out during Rabi season of 2020‒21 and 2021‒22 at the Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur research field to find out the effect of long term soil test crop response based nutrient management in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on physical properties in a Vertisol. The treatments details were T1; Control, T2; 120 N: 80 P2O5: 60 K2O kg ha-1, T3; Target yield 4.5 t ha-1, T4; Target yield 6.0 t ha-1, T5; Target yield 4.5 t + FYM 5 t ha-1, T6; Target yield 6.0 t + FYM 5 t ha-1 and carried out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replications. The results indicated that the STCR based treatment with target yield 6.0 t ha-1 along with application of FYM 5 t ha-1 recorded lowest bulk density (1.31, 1.33 and 1.35 Mg m-3) and particle density (2.62, 2.62 and 2.63 Mg m-3) at 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm soil depth. The treatment with target yield 6.0 t ha-1 along with application of FYM 5 t ha-1 recorded highest porosity (50.07, 49.28 and 48.52 %) as well as water holding capacity (44.42, 40.16 and 37.44 %) at 0-15, 15-30 and 30-45 cm soil depth. The long term study based on STCR clearly demonstrated that balanced fertilizer application not only improved the physical properties of soil but also save the fertilizer without impairing soil health.

Prevalence and correlates of alcohol and tobacco consumption among research scholars: evidence from a cross-sectional survey of three Indian universities

PurposeAlcohol and tobacco consumption are significant public health concerns and considered some of the riskiest behaviors among students. Despite strong indications of heavy consumption of these substances, certain sections of the student population remain unexplored regarding their consumption patterns and associated factors, including research scholars pursuing Doctor of Philosophy degrees. This study aims to explore the patterns and correlations of consumption of alcohol and tobacco among doctoral students in three Indian universities.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 530 scholars from three central universities, Aligarh Muslim University, Banaras Hindu University and Jawahar Lal Nehru University, and focused on two substances (alcohol and tobacco) frequently used by students in India. Bi-variate analysis and penalized logistic regressions were applied to analyse the prevalence and associated factors of alcohol, smoking and smokeless tobacco among doctoral students.FindingsTobacco consumption was observed to be the dominant form of substance use among doctoral students. Findings revealed that 34% of scholars smoked and 25% consumed smokeless tobacco daily and around 14% consumed alcohol at least once a week. Major significant correlates of substance consumption among scholars were found to be gender, religion, parental mortality, dissatisfaction with academic performance and stress about future career/employment. Significant variation in substance use patterns was observed among universities.Originality/valueThis study provides first-hand evidence on substance use patterns and the correlates among doctoral students in three Indian universities. Findings indicate the implementation of specific intervention programs for mental health and counselling for this section of students to prevent substance use addiction would be beneficial.

A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTION IN MULTIDRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS PATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

Objective: The objective of the study was to the analysis of different parameters including admission type, demographics, type of reaction, the seriousness of reaction, classification of organ system, drugs involved, action taken and outcome of reactions, causality assessment, severity assessment, and the preventability of ADRs for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients. Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted during the period of September 2017 to June 2020 (34 months) at ADR Monitoring Centre, Department of Pharmacology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Ajmer, Rajasthan. All spontaneously reported ADRs were evaluated using various parameters such as type of reaction, causality assessment, preventability, and severity. Results: In the present study, 92 (9.29%) ADRs were reported in relation to 68 MDR-TB patients. The majority of ADRs were considered probable (73.92%), moderate (41.30%), and definitely preventable (42.39%) in nature. In our study, most of the suspected drug names were included: 23 (25%) pyrazinamide, followed by 22 (23.91%) kanamycin, 12 (13.04%) cycloserine, and 11 (11.96%) linezolid. The majority of ADRs were non-serious (67.39%) in nature. ADRs were most commonly reported, with 17 (18.48%) reporting ototoxicity and 17 (18.48%) reporting joint pain, followed by 4 (4.35%) reporting burning feet syndrome, 4 (4.35%) reporting generalized itching, and 4 (4.35%) reporting psychosis. Conclusion: Our study included 36 different types of suspected ADRs that were reported with multiple frequencies due to 16 categories of drugs and combinations of drugs. The majority of patients were recovering and recovered from concerns associated with ADR after necessary medical intervention and management. Our purpose is to rationale the use of medicines for drug safety as well as patient safety.

Influence of Different Sowing Dates and Nutrient Management on Yield Attributes and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at Livestock farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India to study the Influence of different sowing dates and nutrient management on yield attributes and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The twelve treatments consisting of four sowing dates viz. 25th October, 05th November, 15th November and 25th November as main plot treatments and these were superimposed with three nutrient management i.e. Recommended Dose of Fertilizer, 150% RDF + FYM 15 t ha-1, 150% RDF + FYM 15 t ha-1 + Growth Regulators as sub plots and carried out in split plot design with three replications. On the basis of two year study it is evident that sowing of wheat on 5th November was found to be most suitable than rest of the sowing dates as it recorded significantly higher number of effective tillers (399.91 and 411.94 m-2), length of earhead (10.61 and 11.15 cm), number grains earhead-1 (45.75 and 46.86), grain (5494 and 5497 kg ha-1) and straw yields (7033 and 7128 kg ha-1) compared to rest of the sowing dates except 25th October during both the year. Among the nutrient management, application 150% RDF + FYM 15 t ha-1 + Growth Regulators recorded significantly higher number of effective tillers (405.51 and 416.72 m-2), length of ear head (9.99 and 10.50 cm), grains earhead-1 (45.89 and 46.60), grain (5735 and 5866 kg ha-1) and straw yields (7343 and 7514 kg ha-1) as compared to rest of the nutrient management during both the years.

Indian's Nuclear Disarmament Policy in Comparison to Other Countries

India interacts with other countries in multilateral forums, like the UN, and drives discussions on disarmament. They were one of the first countries to propose nuclear disarmament, a test ban treaty, and a freeze on the production of fissile material. India has been committed to the goal of global, inclusive, and non-discriminatory nuclear disarmament for a long time now. They also share the same objective of reducing the chance that weapons will spread to other nations. When India gained its independence in 1947, the first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, pursued disarmament and delegitimizing nuclear weapons. He saw them as an "evil thing". For Nehru, banning tests was not an end to the nuclear age but a stepping-stone to broader forms of restraint. India has a long history of working towards disarmament, so he believed it would play a big role in leading the world in that same direction.

Assessment of Different Fertilizer Levels on Growth and Yield Returns of Coriander Crop. (Coriandrum sativum L.) cv- JD-1

Using chemical fertilizers or organic manures alone as amendments may be detrimental to the soil health and crop quality and neither of these alone can sustain productivity. Hence the combination of nutrients from different sources together in optimum ratio is a way forward to achive optimum returns and to protect soil health. In view of this a trial was conducted in coriander cv- JD-1 over winter 2012-13 at Horticulture research farm, Department of Horticulture, Jawaharlal Nehru Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh to evaluate the effect of organic manures and chemical fertilizers with different levels on growth and yield parameters of coriander. The experiment consists of four levels of organic manures viz Vermicompost 5 t/h, Vermicompost 2.5 t/h, Farm yard manure 20 t/h and Farm yard manure 10 t/h with two fertilizer levels 100 % RDF and 50 % RDF laid out in a randomized block design replicated thrice. The study shows that among the organic manures vermicompost 5 t/h and among the fertilizer levels RDF 100% showed maximum values for growth and yield parameters comparison to other levels of manures and fertilizer. Results in relation to interaction effect shows that vermicompost 5 t/h + 100 % RDF was superior over other treatment combinations. Highest gross income were observed with vermicompost 5 t/h + 100 % RDF and highest benefit cost ratio with farm yard manure 20 t/h + 100 % RDF.

Effects of various agitation techniques on sealer penetration in dentinal tubules using CLSM

Aim: To compare the effect of ultrasonic, sonic and rotary sealer activation techniques on depth of penetration of sealer in the dentinal tubules. Materials and Methods: Freshly extracted 60 single rooted human permanent mandibuar premolar with mature apex were collected. A size 10 no. K file (Dentsply Maillefer) was introduced into each canal. The irrigation procedure was accomplished by using 2ml of 5.25% NAOCl for each file used. Roots were randomly divided into 3 groups on the basis of sealer activation techniques. The specimens were kept in incubator at 37 degree Centigrade temperature for 2 days. The dentin segments were examined on a confocal microscope in Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi under 4X,10X magnification. Results: A total of 60 teeth were included in the study and they were divided into three groups on the basis of method of agitation of sealer: GROUP I - Lentulospiral, Group II-Ultrasonic endodontic tip, Group III - Endoactivator and obturation was done with gutta percha. Mean percentage and depth of penetration was greatest in Group II i.e. Ultrasonics when used for agitation and statistically significant than Group I lentulospiral and Group III Endoactivator.

Opportunities and challenges of solar thermal technologies in the Indian context

AbstractIndia has abundant solar power assets. Many districts get better than expected insulation compared with different parts of the world. The essential innovation for incorporating and changing sun‐based energy into electrical energy in India depends on photovoltaic (PV) cells. Concentrated solar power (CSP) plants have barely added to the nation's general introduced solar‐based force limit. The difficulties that have restrained the development of CSP and CST are part of the discussion and potential arrangements recommended. The primary difficulties for CSP and CST are identified as the absence of a dependable direct normal irradiance database, indigenous assembling, and rivalry from PV. The after‐effects of a contextual analysis evaluated the effect of indigenous assembling and economies of scale on capital expenses and levelized cost of power. We will evaluate the current status of CSP plants in this paper. The paper shows different incorporated technologies in solar thermal application in India with indigenous manufacturing and the energy policy supporting the solar thermal analyzing the barriers to implementation of Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission. Also, the techno‐economic evaluation of the CSP and CST is covered. This paper provides a framework of CSP and CST technology in India's industrial sector with their impact on goods and services provided by the sector and the cost‐effectiveness of the product and technology. Furthermore, the environmental aspects and base electrical load accumulating are researched, and various policy measures and amendments are suggested to the government from this study‐based study.

Space, Utopia and Indian Decolonization: Literary Pre-figurations of the Postcolony

Space, Utopia and Indian Decolonization: Literary Pre-figurations of the Postcolony

Author Response

Author Response

The Cuban Revolution Comes to America

The Cuban Revolution Comes to America

Castro at the Hotel Theresa

Castro at the Hotel Theresa

Recasting the Global South

Recasting the Global South

INDIAN POLITICAL DOCTRINES: UNDERSTANDING INTERNAL SECURITY DYNAMICS OF INDIA IMPACTING PAKISTAN

Strategic culture involves diplomatic ties, geopolitical orientation and political ideology involving the military. India’s strategic culture orientates pro-nationalist policies, emphasizing the business progression of a specific class, discriminating in exercising minority rights, and imbalancing diplomatic ties with neighbouring states for regional hegemony. Indian leadership, from Jawaharlal Nehru to Narendra Modi, has kept regional dominance as a primary Indian strategic objective. More importantly, the Indian strategic community has carefully maintained narrative linking insurgencies with its neighbours, especially Pakistan. A cross-sectional analysis of Indian political doctrines explains how internal security challenges of India are shaping its strategic culture and stance towards Pakistan. It includes contextualizing the concept of strategic culture and modelling Indian strategic culture to the scope of research. The impact of Indian strategic culture on Pakistan is multi-dimensional, ranging from combat capabilities to international presence at international forums like the UN and FATF. The research proposes policy options and action points for Pakistan. The paper establishes three fundamental aspects. First, the Indian strategic thoughts are rooted in Kautilyian discourse. Second, linking Pakistan with insurgencies in India. Third, with the rise of Hindutva through the BJP with a conducive geostrategic environment, India has resorted to an offensive-defensive strategy towards Pakistan. With these interpretations, the research paves the way for identifying policy options for Pakistan while considering Pakistan’s national interests. Bibliography Entry Malik, Tassawar Aziz, and Sehrish Qayyum. 2022. "Indian Political Doctrines: Understanding Internal Security Dynamics of India Impacting Pakistan." Margalla Papers 26 (1): 18-33.

Comparative Evaluation of Dexmedetomidine, Ketamine & their Combination for Epidural Analgesia in Orthopedic Surgeries of the lower Limb

Background: Epidural anesthesia is a perioperative pain control treatment that has a variety of applications in anaesthesiology. It could be used as as a primary anaesthetic, although it's most usually utilised as an adjuvant for management of pain. It could be a one-time shot or a continuous infusion for a long-drawn therapeutic intervention. Apart from the potential for significant analgesia, its use minimises the need for other anaesthetics and analgesics, lowering the risk of adverse effects. It has also been proven to lower the level of cortisol, to facilitate the resumption of bowel function, reduce the risk of Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis in the post-operative phase, while minimizing the duration of institutional stays.
 Aim: Comparison and Evaluation of the effect of the drugs dexmedetomidine , ketamine & them together as a combination in addition to bupivacaine, as an adjuvant for intermittent epidural top ups for lower limb orthopaedic surgeries .
 Study Design: Prospective observational study.
 Place and duration of Study: The study will be conducted over a period of 2 years and 6 months in the department of anaesthesiology, Jawaharlal Nehru medical college and Acharya vinoba bhave rural hospital, wardha.
 Methodology: Our prospective, comparitive observational study included 90 patients randomly assigned into 3 sets of 30 each, one was administered dexmedetomidine epidurally, one was given ketamine and one was given their combination epidurally [1]. The quality and duration of analgesia provided by all 3 groups were then compared to find out which of them provides better and prolonged pain relief. Along with analgesia, the other parameters assessed were hemodynamic response, sedation and any other side effects.
 Expected Results: We're attempting to establish the hypothesis that the combination of both the drugs is better than dexmedetomidine or ketamine administered individually. It has been proved in various researches that epidural ketamine prolonged the duration of analgesia, [2] but it was less than epidural dexmedetomidine. We expect that the combination would decrease the postoperative rescue analgesics requirements and less hemodynamic alterations hence providing greater patient satisfaction as compared to the two drugs separately.

Study on Hydroxychloroquinine Sulfate Being Given to the Admitted COVID -19 Positive Patients at Institute of JLNMCH, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India.

BackgroundAs the global death toll from new coronavirus illness (COVID-19) rises, the scientific community and healthcare systems are under massive pressure to manage the outbreak and develop effective medical remedies. Meanwhile, desperation has pushed practitioners, scientists, and authorities to recommend and attempt medicines with little or no proof. Despite the lack of clear and unequivocal facts supporting its efficacy and safety, hydroxychloroquine-sulfate (HCQS) has recently received substantial public and political interest in treating and prophylaxis new infectious diseases COVID-19.AimTo analyze the impact of HCQS in COVID-19-positive patients admitted at tertiary level government-owned Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College and Hospital (JLNMCH, Bhagalpur) Bihar.MethodsTwo hundred two RT-PCR-positive COVID-19 patients were included in this research. The study participants were randomly distributed into the intervention category and control category, each consisting of 101 study subjects. Study participants in the intervention category were administered hydroxychloroquine in 200 mg tablets. The control category was given placebo tablets that looked similar to tablets of hydroxychloroquine and were given in the same pattern. Chest X-ray PA view, 12 lead ECG, baseline hemogram including a concentration of CD4 cells, ratio between the concentration of CD8 cells and CD4 cells and concentration of CD8 cells, the concentration of C-reactive protein, RT PCR test of samples obtained from the oropharyngeal region and nasopharyngeal region nasopharyngeal for verification COVID-19 were done. These measurements were carried out in both the control and intervention categories at baseline and at the moment of obtaining a negative RT-PCR report.ResultsThe confirmed cases of COVID-19 was 52.9% in the intervention category and 53.4% in the control category at the end of the administration of drugs. Symptoms related to COVID-19 were observed in 11.6% of subjects in the intervention category and 13.5% in the control category. Other new symptoms were observed in 16.8% of subjects in the intervention category and 14.5% of study subjects in the control category. One death was reported in the control category. Emergency hospitalization was required for one subject in the intervention category, while two subjects in the control category required emergency hospitalization. 12.4 days was the mean duration of recovery in the intervention category, while 13.6 days were the mean duration of recovery in the control category. The recovery duration and COVID-related symptoms were lesser in the intervention category than in the control category; however, the variation between the two categories was statistically non-significant (p˃0.01).ConclusionAccording to this research, no statistically significant difference was noticed in COVID-19 incidence between the control category and intervention category, showing that hydroxychloroquine sulfate cannot be utilized as the main curative agent in the treatment of COVID-19. However, there was a reduction in recovery days and symptoms related to COVID-19 in study subjects administered with HCQS.

Bibliometric Analysis and Visualization Mapping of Anthrax Vaccine Publications from 1991 through 2021.

Purpose: This study aims to analyze and characterize anthrax vaccine-related research, key developments, global research trends, and mapping of published scientific research articles during the last three decades (1991–2021). Methods: A bibliometric and visualized study was conducted. The Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC) was searched using relevant keywords (“Anthrax” OR “Anthrax bacterium” OR “Bacillus anthracis” OR “Bacteridium anthracis” OR “Bacillus cereus var. Anthracis” (Topic)) AND (“Vaccine” OR “Vaccines” OR “Immunization” OR “Immunisation” OR “Immunizations” OR “Immunisations” (Topic)) with specific restrictions. The data was analyzed and plotted by using different bibliometric software and tools (HistCiteTM software, version 12.3.17, Bibliometrix: An R-tool version 3.2.1, and VOSviewer software, version 1.6.17). Results: The initial search yielded 1750 documents. After screening the titles and abstracts of the published studies, a total of 1090 articles published from 1991 to 2021 were included in the final analysis. These articles were published in 334 journals and were authored by 4567 authors from 64 countries with a collaboration index of 4.32. The annual scientific production growth rate was found to be 9.68%. The analyzed articles were cited 31335 times. The most productive year was 2006 (n = 77, 7.06%), while the most cited year was 2007 (2561 citations). The leading authors and journals in anthrax research were Rakesh Bhatnagar from Jawaharlal Nehru University, India (n = 35, 3.21%), and Vaccine (n = 1830, 16.51%), while the most cited author and journal were Arthur M. Friedlander from the United States Department of Defense (n = 2762), and Vaccine (n = 5696), respectively. The most studied recent research trend topics were lethal, double-blind, epidemiology, B surface antigen, disease, and toxin. The United States of America (USA) was the most dominant country in terms of publications, citations, corresponding author country, and global collaboration in anthrax vaccine research. The USA had the strongest collaboration with the United Kingdom (UK), China, Canada, Germany, and France. Conclusion: This is the first bibliometric study that provides a comprehensive historical overview of scientific studies. From 2006 to 2008, more than 20% of the total articles were published; however, a decrease was observed since 2013 in anthrax vaccine research. The developed countries made significant contributions to anthrax vaccine-related research, especially the USA. Among the top 10 leading authors, six authors are from the USA. The majority of the top leading institutions are also from the USA. About 90% of the total studies were funded by the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA, and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), USA.

Equality vis-à-vis reservation system in India

Reservation is defined as preserving a clear-cutfraction of seats for reserved classes in government jobs, educational departments, promotions, and in legislature also. Reservations can be considered as political utensil that provides a public good which prevents social economic wrongs. It basically ensures a level playing field. In India, the concept of reservation system is derived due to long-established caste system and customs used by privileged classes against underprivileged by different levels. Due to persistent efforts made by Dr. B. R. Ambedkar it is transformed into new opposite importance. The India’s First Prime Minister ‘Mr. Jawahar Lal Nehru’ was against reservation, but this continues to exist. It creates a conflicting matter among the Indian society. The Intention of government of India is to uplift the historically underprivileged and depressed sections of Indian society. Various commissions were appointed by Indian Government to ensure and revise these reservations policies to fulfil the intention of our Constitution drafters. The Researcher explained towards the historical background of reservation, constitutional provisions related to reservation, Present Scenario, Arguments by supporters and non-supporters and judicial pronouncements related to reservation in India.

Evaluating Energy Efficiency in a Hospital Building with Reference to GRIHA: Case of Trauma Centre at Aligarh, India

With the rise in problems mainly ecological as well as energy crises that are intensifying today, the concept of green has become essential concerning sustainable development. The hospital building consumes much more energy and generates more waste, as compared to the other types of buildings. The climate change, contamination of chemicals, and use of unsustainable resources are all making health worse day by day over the world. The health sectors are themselves causing these problems on a broad scale. So, hospitals, health sectors must be green, there must be proper management of resources, waste etc., which means that it must have a minimum negative impact on the environment. The term Green Hospital has evolved as a way of addressing environmental issues, overcoming them and meeting society’s need. In India, Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) is one of the tools that provides green building certification to hospital buildings also. This paper aims at analyzing and investigating a hospital building (Trauma centre), Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, based on major criteria of the GRIHA variant for existing buildings. This hospital building had been provisionally-rated by GRIHA in the year 2016 as 3 stars. This paper includes the analysis of building based on various calculations and in depth study of how this 3 star rating was provisionally achieved. This paper involves two main calculations, one regarding peak heat gain and the other is EPI.