Jaw Structure Research Articles

The prevalence of mandibular lingual concavity among the saudi population of Eastern Province: A CBCT evaluation

BackgroundAnatomic variations can make placing implants in the mandible more complex. Exploring the variation in the presence of ridges and lingual concavity among different races and ethnicities is of therapeutic significance. The current study evaluates the prevalence and size of mandibular lingual concavity, which can cause surgical complications while inserting dental implants in the mandibular first molar area. MethodsTwo hundred and fifty-six cross-section images of the edentulous first molar region were examined. Within this geographical area, the structure of the lower jaw was categorized into three distinct types: C-configuration (convex), P-configuration (parallel), and U-configuration (with an undercut). The study was conducted at IAU College of Dentistry, Dammam. Data was gathered on the depth of the lingual concavity, the angle of the concavity, and other relevant factors. The data were analyzed with SPSS 20. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. ResultsOf 256 subjects included in the study, 144 were males (M), and 112 were females (F). Various variables measured complimenting the lingual concavity showed no difference between the genders, except for the VCB “The vertical distance from the alveolar crest to line A” (p-value = 0.005). The division of ridges morphology as a whole was as follows: Convex (C), 70 (27.34 %), Parallel (P) 51 (19.92 %), and Undercut (U) type, 135 (52.73 %). The angle of concavity was 69.28 ± 14.41 % (M) and 67.09 ± 13.04 %. (F). Angle depth was 2.40 ± 1.72 % (M) and 2.36 ± 1.46 % (F); together, 2.38 ± 1.6 %. ConclusionIt was concluded that U-type ridges were predominant (52.73%) with more chances of occurrence of lingual concavity. There were no differences between the genders except in one parameter. (VCB) Further studies are required to explore lingual concavity in more detail.

РЕНТГЕНОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ И ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ МЕТОДЫ ОЦЕНКИ СОСТОЯНИЯ ЧЕЛЮСТИ В ЗОНЕ ПРЕДПОЛАГАЕМОЙ ДЕНТАЛЬНОЙ ИМПЛАНТАЦИИ

Subject. The article presents a literature review devoted to a topical issue in dentistry – methods for assessing the condition of bone tissue and jaw microcirculation before dental implantation. The purpose of the study: is to examine the materials of publications devoted to radiographic and functional methods for assessing the condition of bone tissue and jaw microcirculation before dental implantation. Methodology. Modern methods for assessing the condition of bone tissue and microcirculation in the area of the proposed dental implantation are described in detail in the light of modern concepts. Results. The importance of studying the condition of bone tissue and jaw microcirculation before dental implantation is shown. All radiographic methods used for this purpose are presented, and indications for their use are determined. The advantage of using the cone-beam computed tomography method is noted, since it, in addition to everything else, allows identifying the anatomical and topographic features of the jaw structure and bone density, allows planning the route of implant insertion, which directly affects the effectiveness of implantation. Evaluation of soft tissue microcirculation at the site of the proposed dental implantation is important, since microcirculation parameters are reliable predictors of the treatment outcome.. From this position, laser Doppler flowmetry is the most informative method for functional assessment of blood flow microcirculation before dental implantation, allowing to detect signs of pathological changes. Thus, a pronounced transformation in the intervention zone negatively affects the implantation performed. Reduction of the alveolar process parameters, deterioration of the blood supply to this area, the absence of chewing load after tooth extraction, increase the processes of alveolar process resorption within the boundaries of the defect of the dental system. Conclusions. The results of the review indicate that knowledge of the features of the state of bone tissue and microcirculation in the area of the proposed dental implantation is necessary for its adequate implementation, outcome prediction and prevention of complications. Laser Doppler flowmetry is the most informative method of functional assessment of blood flow microcirculation before dental implantation, it allows you to detect signs of pathological changes.

The Gq/11 family of Gα subunits is necessary and sufficient for lower jaw development.

Vertebrate jaw development is coordinated by highly conserved ligand-receptor systems such as the peptide ligand Endothelin 1 (Edn1) and Endothelin receptor type A (Ednra), which are required for patterning of lower jaw structures. The Edn1/Ednra signaling pathway establishes the identity of lower jaw progenitor cells by regulating expression of numerous patterning genes, but the intracellular signaling mechanisms linking receptor activation to gene regulation remain poorly understood. As a first step towards elucidating this mechanism, we examined the function of the Gq/11 family of Gα subunits in zebrafish using pharmacological inhibition and genetic ablation of Gq/11 activity and transgenic induction of a constitutively active Gq protein in edn1 -/- embryos. Genetic loss of Gq/11 activity fully recapitulated the edn1 -/- phenotype, with genes encoding G11 being most essential. Furthermore, inducing Gq activity in edn1 -/- embryos not only restored Edn1/Ednra-dependent jaw structures and gene expression signatures but also caused homeosis of the upper jaw structure into a lower jaw-like structure. These results indicate that Gq/11 is necessary and sufficient to mediate the lower jaw patterning mechanism for Ednra in zebrafish.

The integration of facial aesthetics and aesthetic dentistry

The aesthetics industry is still unregulated in the UK, and with the surge in people seeking facial aesthetic procedures, there has been a concomitant increase in the incidence of complications associated with these procedures. Dentists are especially well positioned to undertake facial aesthetic treatments providing that they have the appropriate training. Dentists generally have a strong foundational understanding of facial anatomy, in particular skeletal jaw structure, musculature, nerve and main vascular supply. In particular, dentists are exceptionally insightful around the peri-oral region and the smile. CPD/Clinical Relevance: There are many parallels and transferable skills between dentistry and facial aesthetics and dentists are well positioned to undertake facial aesthetic treatments after appropriate training.

Relationship between Bilateral Landmarks of Facial Asymmetry in Skeletal Class II and Class III in Vertical Dimension: 3D Facial Scan and Cone-Beam Computed Tomography.

Significant facial asymmetry can lead to both functional and aesthetic issues. Often, such asymmetry originates from irregularities in the jaw structure. It is critical to recognize that asymmetries can be concealed by soft tissue, which may be overlooked. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationships between bilateral landmarks in the vertical dimension of facial asymmetry among individuals with skeletal Class II and Class III malocclusions. Fifty-two adult patients with a mean age of 24.4 ± 3.79 years with facial asymmetry who underwent orthodontic and orthognathic surgery were studied. Cone-beam computed tomography and facial scans were used to create 3D virtual head models which enhanced the accuracy in addressing facial asymmetry to ensure effective treatment planning. Each landmark was measured and digitized using the Dolphin Imaging program. The findings showed a correlation between gender and type of skeletal discrepancies with the menton deviation direction. In conclusion, the vertical discrepancy between bilateral landmarks was observable in both hard and soft tissues with more pronounced expression in soft tissues. This discrepancy was characterized by an elevation on the same side as the menton deviation, which was a feature observed in both skeletal Class II and Class III individuals.

A new exceptionally well-preserved basal actinopterygian fish in the juvenile stage from the Upper Triassic Amisan Formation of South Korea

The study of the large paraphyletic group of extinct ‘palaeoniscoid’ fishes has shed light on the diversity and evolutionary history of basal actinopterygians. However, only a little ontogenetic information about ‘palaeoniscoids’ is known because their records in the early stages of development are scarce. Here, we report on a growth series of ‘palaeoniscoids’ in the juvenile stage from the Upper Triassic Amisan Formation of South Korea. Fourteen specimens, including five counterpart specimens, represent a new taxon, Megalomatia minima gen. et sp. nov., exhibiting ontogeny and exceptional preservation with the eyes possibly containing the crystalline lens, the otoliths, and the lateral line canals without covering scales. This discovery allows us to discuss the adaptations and evolution of basal actinopterygians in more detail than before. The otoliths in situ of Megalomatia support the previous interpretation that basal actinopterygians have a sagitta as the largest otolith. The trunk lateral line canal, which runs under the scales instead of passing through them, represents a plesiomorphic gnathostome trait. Notably, the large protruded eyes suggest that Megalomatia probably has binocular vision, which would have played a significant role in targeting and catching prey with the primitive jaw structure. In addition, the firstly formed skeletal elements such as the jaws, pectoral girdle, and opercular series, and the posteroanterior pattern of squamation development are likely linked to the adaptation of young individuals to increase their viability for feeding, respiration, and swimming.

Features of the structure of the lower jaw of the common hedgehog in connection with their type of nutrition

Taking into account the diet of the common hedgehog, we were faced with the question of the features of the structure of the chewing apparatus of the common hedge-hogs. We decided to study and establish anatomical, topographic and morphometric features of the structure of the lower jaw in the common hedgehog. The purpose of our study is to study the anatomical and topographic features of the structure of the lower jaw of the common hedgehog associated with the type of nutrition, as well as to establish morphometric data of the mandibular apparatus. To study the anatomical and topographic features of the structure of the mandibular bone of this individual, five corpses of the common hedgehog from the forestry of the Leningrad region were obtained. All representatives of this species were sexually mature. As a result of our research, we have established anatomical and topographic features of the structure of the lower jaw of the common hedgehog associated with the type of nutrition, and also determined the morphometric data of the mandibular apparatus. According to the results of the study, we came to the conclusion that the common hedgehog has a very powerful and well-developed lower jaw, which consists of a body and a branch. The root part of the mandibular bone is 2.10 times longer than the incisor part, and they are almost equal in width. This fact indicates the compression power of both incisor and molar teeth during biting and chewing solid food. On the incisor part there are incisor teeth in the amount of four pieces, on the root part of the body there are molars and premolars in the form of molars and premolars with a total of four pieces. Thanks to this, hedgehogs are able to easily grab food lying on the surface of the earth and chew thoroughly. The branch of the lower jaw has well-developed processes, thanks to which strong joints are formed and muscles are securely attached during the act of chewing. On the lateral surface of the lower jaw branch there is a well-defined depression that forms the pit of the large masticatory muscle, this certainly indicates the presence of highly developed masticatory muscles in this animal.

Declining populations of Astacus astacus drag European Branchiobdella parasita (Annelida: Clitellata) ectosymbionts to serious biodiversity loss

Branchiobdella parasita is specific ectosymbiont of European freshwater crayfish, including endangered noble crayfish (Astacus astacus). Although numerous information on distribution, biology or ecology were reported, genetic structure of B. parasita in European crayfish populations was not studied truthfully. The available molecular data include only cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) barcodes of B. parasita coexisting with noble crayfish in Alpine freshwaters in Austria, as well as stone crayfish (Austropotamobius torrentium) and white-clawed crayfish (Austropotamobius pallipes) in Balkan region. Here we report first genetic diversity and haplotype richness analysis of B. parasita populations on a pan-European scale. Specimens (n = 41) were collected from female noble crayfish from three lakes in northwest Poland (Kołtki Małe, Rosko Duże, Skrzynki Małe) and Elkenrother Weiher Lake in southwest Germany, high-quality COI barcodes were obtained and analysed against existing genetic data. The analysed populations were haplotype rich (h = 23) and had high COI haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.8988, I = 1.4554). Our results indicate that diversification rate of European B. parasita populations highly depends on habitat quality, its connection with surface waters and hosts species and mobility. We revealed that Central European populations inhabiting noble crayfish show significant genetic relationship, presenting common ancestral haplotypes and at the same time high genetic divergence from Balkan populations. Based on our results we suggest that ‘parasita-complex’ of phylogenetically related species with similar body shape and structure of chitin jaws, but with differentiating anatomical structure details are present across the continent.

What is missing from the sturgeon jaw: Developmental morphology of the upper jaw in Acipenser.

Sturgeons belong to the family Acipenseridae, the most species-rich extant family of Acipenseriformes, a basal actinopterygian group of key importance in assessing the early radiations of the actinopterygians. At the same time, acipenseriforms display unique specializations in the morphology of the snout and jaws which make them a valuable model for studying evolutionary novelties. However, despite a long history of research, the homologies of the snout and the mandibular arch of acipenseriforms remain uncertain preventing further studies on the evolutionary origin of their unique snout and jaw structure, and in particular, of the upper jaw symphysis, the key apomorphy of the group and the preoral snout. In the present study, a detailed description of the upper jaw morphology and development in sturgeons is provided in order to address its composition in terms of the common actinopterygian archetype. Based on the obtained results, the upper jaw of acipenseriforms is assumed to have lost the autopalatine portion, which most likely is represented by the separate cartilages supporting the tentacles. Also, the conventional interpretation of the sturgeon's maxilla as dermopalatine is rejected on the grounds of this bone structure and development. Paedomorphosis is proposed to be the most likely mechanism explaining the evolutionary origin of the upper jaw symphysis and supposed modifications of the snout in sturgeons.

Cellular Senescence in Craniofacial Tissue Regeneration: Inducers, Biomarkers, and Interventions.

Craniofacial defects and dental tissue loss have significant negative impacts on the structure and function of jaws and face, often resulting in psychological issues in patients, emphasizing the urgent need for effective craniofacial tissue reconstruction. Unfortunately, natural regeneration of these tissues is limited. Dental-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising resource for tissue engineering-based therapeutic approaches. However, the clinical outcomes of MSC-based transplantation have not met expectations due to various complex reasons, and cellular senescence is recognized as one of the potential mechanisms contributing to the suboptimal results. The quality of MSC decreases during large-scale in vitro expansion, and it is also influenced by the age and the health status of donors. To address these challenges, extensive efforts have been made to developing strategies to combat senescence in tissue engineering, leveraging on current knowledge of underlying mechanisms. This review aims to elucidate the impact of cell senescence in craniofacial and dental regeneration and provides an overview of state-of-the-art antisenescence strategies. We first discuss the potential factors that trigger cell senescence in craniofacial tissue engineering. Then we describe senescence biomarkers, monitoring methods for senescent MSCs, and their underlying molecular mechanisms. The primary focus of this review is on current strategies to inhibit and alleviate cell senescence in tissue engineering. We summarize the strategies concerning the prevention of cell senescence, senolysis, modulation of the senescent associated secretory phenotype, and reversal of senescent MSCs, offering promising opportunities to overcome the challenges associated with cell senescence in craniofacial tissue engineering.

Application of Panoramic Dental X-Ray Images Denoising

Dental X-ray imaging helps dentists detect many problems such as caries, cysts and jaw structure problems. Clinical diagnosis and preventive examinations of dental structures play an important role by providing a comprehensive imaging evaluation with panoramic x-rays for dentists. However, researchers primarily use image processing methods to analyze and improve a dental X-ray image and increase its contribution to the diagnostic time. Image segmentation, classification, threshold-based analysis, artificial neural networks, frequency-based methods are the most widely used image processing techniques to analyze medical images and assist in the development of computer aided medical diagnosis systems. In this study, images were analyzed in terms of noise removal by using convolutional neural networks and binary and wavelet filters to improve the images that were distorted and lost their clarity as a result of noise caused by various reasons during shooting. The performances of these methods were compared and it was seen that successful results were obtained in different noise types by using convolutional neural networks.

COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF MANDIBLES IN HUMANS AND GREAT APES DURING THE EVOLUTION OF JAWS

The study "Jaw Evolution: A Comparative Morphological Study of Mandibles Across Human and Great Ape Genders" looks into the morphological differences between great apes' and humans' mandibles according to gender. This study sheds information on evolutionary trends and adaptations by using a comparative method to examine the structural differences and similarities in mandibular anatomy. Through the analysis of specimens from the chimpanzee, gorilla, orangutan, and human sexes, this study clarifies patterns of sexual dimorphism and evolutionary divergence in the morphology of the jaw. The results provide insights into the functional and adaptive implications of mandibular characteristics and advance our knowledge of the evolutionary track of monkey jaw structure.

Mongolian gazelle (Procapra cf. gutturosa Pallas, 1777) in the Pleistocene of Transbaikalia and Altai

More than 1500 bones of the skull and postcranial skeleton of the Mongolian gazelle (Procapra cf. gutturosa Pallas, 1777) from 4 Paleolithic sites of Western Transbaikalia (Varvarina Gora, Kamenka, Khotyk, Tolbaga) and 3 cave localities of the northwestern Altai (Denisova, Strashnaya, Kaminnaya) were studied. For comparison, a large collection of skeletal bones from 56 individuals of modern P. gutturosa, collected on the territory of the “Dzeren Valley” nature reserve, was used. A number of morphometric differences in the structure of the lower jaw and bones of the postcranial skeleton between modern and fossil Mongolian gazelle have been revealed. Pleistocene P. cf. gutturosa had shorter and relatively massive limb bones and was significantly smaller in body size than the modern one. At the sites of Transbaikalia, Mongolian gazelle bones can account for up to half of all megafauna remains, in the Middle-Late Pleistocene layers of Altai caves, up to 3–4%. During the periods of glaciation, the Mongolian gazelles of Transbaikalia and Altai lived in conditions of cold, dry and little snow steppe or mountain-steppe landscapes. In the interglacial and interstadials, they continued to live here in the conditions of steppe or forest-steppe landscapes.

The Impact of Commercially Available Dry Mouth Products on the Corrosion Resistance of Common Dental Alloys.

Dental implants are thought to be implanted for life, but throughout their lifespan, they function in aggressive oral environment, resulting in corrosion of the material itself as well as possible inflammation of adjacent tissues. Therefore, materials and oral products for people with metallic intraoral appliances must be chosen carefully. The purpose of this study was to investigate the corrosion behavior of common titanium and cobalt-chromium alloys in interaction with various dry mouth products using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The study showed that different dry mouth products lead to different open circuit potentials, corrosion voltages, and currents. The corrosion potentials of Ti64 and CoCr ranged from -0.3 to 0 V and -0.67 to 0.7 V, respectively. In contrast to titanium, pitting corrosion was observed for the cobalt-chromium alloy, leading to the release of Co and Cr ions. Based on the results, it can be argued that the commercially available dry mouth remedies are more favorable for dental alloys in terms of corrosion compared to Fusayama Meyer's artificial saliva. Thus, to prevent undesirable interactions, the individual characteristics of not only the composition of each patient's tooth and jaw structure, but also the materials already used in their oral cavity and oral hygiene products, must be taken into account.

Comparative anatomy and functional implications of variation in the buccal mass in coleoid cephalopods.

In contrast to the well-studied articulated vertebrate jaws, the structure and function of cephalopod jaws remains poorly known. Cephalopod jaws are unique as the two jaw elements do not contact one another, are embedded in a muscular mass and connected through a muscle joint. Previous studies have described the anatomy of the buccal mass muscles in cephalopods and have proposed variation in muscle volume depending on beak shape. However, the general structure of the muscles has been suggested to be similar in octopuses, squids, and cuttlefish. Here we provide a quantitative analysis of the variation in the buccal mass of coleoids using traditional dissections, histological sections and contrast-enhanced computed tomography scans. Our results show that the buccal mass is composed of four main homologous muscles present in both decapodiforms and octopodiforms as suggested previously. However, we also report the presence of a muscle uniquely present in octopodiforms (the postero-lateral mandibular muscle). Our three dimensional reconstructions and quantitative analyses of the buccal mass muscles pave the way for future functional analyses allowing to better model jaw closing in coleoids. Finally, our results suggest differences in beak and muscle function that need to be validated using future in vivo functional analyses.

Mandibular Crowding: Diagnosis and Management-A Scoping Review.

Crowding is the most frequent malocclusion in orthodontics, with a strong hereditary tendency. It already occurs in pediatric age and is mainly hereditary. It is a sign of a lack of space in the arches, and is not self-correcting, but can worsen over time. The main cause of the worsening of this malocclusion is a progressive and physiological decrease in the arch perimeter. To identify relevant studies investigating the most common possible treatments for mandibular dental crowding, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science was conducted encompassing the last 5 years (2018-2023) using the following MeSH: "mandibular crowding AND treatment" and "mandibular crowding AND therapy ". A total of 12 studies were finally included. An orthodontic treatment cannot ignore the concept of "guide arch", which concerns the lower arch, because of the objective difficulty in increasing its perimeter; the bone structure of the lower jaw is more compact than that of the upper one. Its expansion, in fact, is limited to a slight vestibularization of the incisors and lateral sectors that may be associated with a limited distalization of the molars. There are various therapeutic solutions available to the orthodontist, and a correct diagnosis through clinical examination, radiographs and model analysis are essential. The decision of how to deal with crowding cannot be separated from an overall assessment of the malocclusion to be treated.

Comparison of Two Chosen 3D Printing Resins Designed for Orthodontic Use: An In Vitro Study

(1) Background: In recent years, 3D printing has become a highly popular tool for manufacturing in various fields such as aviation, automobiles, plastics, and even medicine, including dentistry. Three-dimensional printing allows dentists to create high-precision models of teeth and jaw structure, and enables them to develop customized tools for patients' treatment. The range of resins used in dentistry is quite large, and this branch is developing rapidly; hence, studies comparing different resins are required. The present study aimed to compare the mechanical properties of two chosen resins used in dentistry. (2) Materials and methods: Ten specimens each of two types of 3D-printable resins (BioMed Amber and IBT, developed by Formlabs) were prepared. The samples were printed on a Formlabs Form 2 3D printer according to ISO standards. Samples for the compression test were rectangular in shape (10 ± 0.2 mm × 10 ± 0.2 mm × 4 ± 0.2 mm), while the samples used for the tensile test were dumbbell shaped (75 mm long, with 10 mm end width and 2 mm thickness). Tensile and compression tests of both materials were performed in accordance with the appropriate ISO standards. (3) Results: The BioMed Amber resin was more resistant to compression and tensile forces, thus implying that the resin could withstand higher stress during stretching, pulling, or pushing. The IBT resin was less resistant to such loads, and failure of this material occurred at lower forces than those for Biomed Amber. An ANOVA test confirmed that the observed differences were statistically significant (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Based on the properties of both materials, the IBT resin could be better used as a tray for placing orthodontic brackets through an indirect bonding technique, while the BioMed Amber resin would be more useful as a surgical guide for placing dental implants and mini-implants. Further potential fields of application of the resins should be investigated.

Türkçe Web Sitelerindeki Ortognatik Cerrahi ile İlgili Hasta Bilgilendirme Metinlerinin Okunabilirlik ve İçerik Değerlendirmesi: Metodolojik Çalışma

Objective: Orthognathic surgery is the applications performed to eliminate the disorders in the face and jaw structure of the person and to regain the normal functions of the teeth together with the jaws. Upon the increasing internet use, people reach the first knowledge about these surgeries, where serious complications can be seen, through websites. It is aimed to assess the Turkish texts released on the internet on orthognathic surgery regarding toreadability and contents in this study. Material and Methods: The first 71 websites were examined in the Google (Google LLC, Mountain View, California, USA) search using the keywords 'orthognathic surgery.' Obtained patient informing texts were assessed in accordance with Atesman Readability Index. The contents were also assessed regarding to whether they provide sufficient information about surgery or not. Results: It was observed that the texts which have been examined in the study were of moderate difficulty subject to the Atesman Readability Index (54.8±9.4). It was concluded that the contents of the information on the examined websites in research had been sufficient regarding to the surgical preparation process, but surgical complications had not been adequately referred. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that the patient informing texts on Turkish websites have moderate readability difficulties. It was observed that possible complications were not covered enough although sufficient information has been provided about the preparation process of orthognathic surgery and it was concluded that the expected effects on the reader would not be observed if they were not understood by the patients.

Fitting fangs in a finite face: A novel fang accommodation strategy in a 280-million-year-old ray-finned fish.

Though Paleozoic ray-finned fishes are considered to be morphologically conservative, we report a novel mode of fang accommodation (i.e., the fitting of fangs inside the jaw) in the Permian actinopterygian †Brazilichthys macrognathus, whereby the teeth of the lower jaw insert into fenestrae of the upper jaw. To better understand how fishes have accommodated lower jaw fangs through geologic time, we synthesize the multitude of ways living and extinct osteichthyans have housed large mandibular dentition. While the precise structure of fang accommodation seen in †Brazilichthys has not been reported in any other osteichthyans, alternate strategies of upper jaw fenestration to fit mandibular fangs are present in some extant ray-finned fishes-the needlejaws Acestrorhynchus and the gars of the genus Lepisosteus. Notably, out of our survey, only the two aforementioned neopterygians bear upper jaw fenestration for the accommodation of mandibular fangs. We implicate the kinetic jaws of neopterygians in this trend, whereby large mandibular fangs are more easily fit between the multitude of upper jaw and palatal bones. The restricted space available in early osteichthyan jaws may have led to a proliferation of novel ways to accommodate large dentition. We recommend a greater survey of Paleozoic actinopterygian jaw morphology, in light of these results and other recent reevaluations of jaw structure in early fossil ray-fins.

Military physician D.E. Tanfiliev: life and contribution to the development of military dentistry

On the memory pages among the Russian dentists and maxillofacial surgeons, it is impossible not to remember the prominent scientist and clinician, the candidate of medical sciences, associate professor, colonel of the medical service David Evseevich Tanfiliev.&#x0D; Research is to illuminate the scientific, clinical, pedagogical and social activity of the prominent military dentist and maxillofacial surgeon of the candidate of medical sciences, associate professor, colonel of the medical service David Tanfiliev.&#x0D; On the basis of the analysis of the domestic literature, and also life, professional activity and scientific labors of the candidate of medical sciences, associate professor, colonel of the medical service D.E. Tanfilyev to present his role in the development of the domestic stomatology and military medicine in Russia.&#x0D; The information about the life of the military dentist D.E. Tanfiliev, the candidate of medical sciences, associate professor, colonel of the medical service is represented. His activity during the Soviet-Finnish (winter) and the Great Patriotic War is marked. The main directions of his scientific activity in the issues of the development and improvement of the techniques of tooth extraction, treatment of difficult wisdom teeth eruption, odontogenic maxillary sinusitis, gunshot fractures and osteomyelitis of the upper jaw are examined. It is shown, that D.E. Tanfiliev has specified the function of the maxillary sinuses and physiological significance of its walls, described an age and functional rearrangement of the maxillary sinus bone tissue under the maxillary sinus floor and its significance for direct prosthesis. Received by D.E. Tanfiliev the information about age anatomy of maxillary sinuses is important for the practicing dentist, not only for facilitating diagnostics and therapy of this or that pathology, but also for knowing the genesis of old age and struggle for prolongation of active longevity. It is no coincidence that today special importance is given to dental rehabilitation of patients with severe atrophy of the alveolar processes and jaw parts using dentures on artificial supports He has improved the therapy of maxillary sinusitis in connection with the age-related features of the maxillary sinus structure and the types of bone structure of the upper jaw. He paid special attention to the clinical picture and treatment of concomitant gunshot injuries of the upper jaw.&#x0D; It is underlined that D.E. Tanfiliev was one of the pioneers of the national military stomatology.