Jaw Size Research Articles

Esthetic & conservative management of tooth size jaw size discrepancy

Esthetic & conservative management of tooth size jaw size discrepancy

Dental anomalies in congenital error of immunity

Developmental disorders of the teeth and maxillofacial region are part of a symptoms complex that often occur with inborn errors of the immune system. The purpose of the study is to identify the frequency of various dentofacial anomalies occurrence in patients with diagnosed immunodeficiencies. The study involved 64 patients of the Sverdlovsk Regional Clinical Hospital No. 1 and the Regional Children’s Clinical Hospital (Ekaterinburg) with various diagnoses: combined immunodeficiencies, antibody defects, autoinflammatory disorders, defects in the number and functions of phagocytes, defects in immune dysregulation, complement defects, and unverified diagnosis with signs of immunodeficiency. All patients underwent examination of the oral cavity, hard dental tissues, periodontal tissue and jaw bone tissue. It was found that an anomaly in jaw size is characteristic of all studied patient groups, except for the group with complement defects. Along with this, such pathology as quantitative and qualitative changes in teeth was identified in four classification groups: “combined immunodeficiencies” (25% of cases from the subgroup), “antibody defects” (31% of cases from the subgroup), “phagocyte defects” (10 % of cases from the subgroup), and “immune dysregulation defects” (50% of cases from the subgroup). The same frequency of occurrence of tissue repair defects: in “combined immunodeficiencies” (16.6% of cases from the subgroup), “autoinflammatory disorders” (26.7% of cases from the subgroup), “phagocyte defects” (10% of cases from the subgroup), in “unverified diagnoses” (20% of cases from the subgroup). The highest percentage of quantitative manifestations of such anomalies as jaw size (26% of cases from the entire study group) and facial dysmorphism (27% of cases from the entire study group). In patients with “combined immunodeficiencies”, all the dental anomalies described in the work were identified. However, the highest percentage of people in this group had delayed teething (33.3%) and facial dysmorphism (33%). The only patient diagnosed with “complement defects” had no dental anomalies. The minimum number of manifestations of the studied anomalies was observed in groups with “antibody defects” and “immune dysregulation defects”. The accumulated experience in describing various dental diagnoses will contribute to the creation of dental criteria for the diagnosis of primary immunodeficiencies.

Deletion of Trps1 regulatory elements recapitulates postnatal hip joint abnormalities and growth retardation of Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome in mice.

Trichorhinophalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is a genetic disorder caused by point mutations or deletions in the gene-encoding transcription factor TRPS1. TRPS patients display a range of skeletal dysplasias, including reduced jaw size, short stature, and a cone-shaped digit epiphysis. Certain TRPS patients experience early onset coxarthrosis that leads to a devastating drop in their daily activities. The etiologies of congenital skeletal abnormalities of TRPS were revealed through the analysis of Trps1 mutant mouse strains. However, early postnatal lethality in Trps1 knockout mice has hampered the study of postnatal TRPS pathology. Here, through epigenomic analysis we identified two previously uncharacterized candidate gene regulatory regions in the first intron of Trps1. We deleted these regions, either individually or simultaneously, and examined their effects on skeletal morphogenesis. Animals that were deleted individually for either region displayed only modest phenotypes. In contrast, the Trps1Δint/Δint mouse strain with simultaneous deletion of both genomic regions exhibit postnatal growth retardation. This strain displayed delayed secondary ossification center formation in the long bones and misshaped hip joint development that resulted in acetabular dysplasia. Reducing one allele of the Trps1 gene in Trps1Δint mice resulted in medial patellar dislocation that has been observed in some patients with TRPS. Our novel Trps1 hypomorphic strain recapitulates many postnatal pathologies observed in human TRPS patients, thus positioning this strain as a useful animal model to study postnatal TRPS pathogenesis. Our observations also suggest that Trps1 gene expression is regulated through several regulatory elements, thus guaranteeing robust expression maintenance in skeletal cells.

تأثير النظام الغذائي والعادات الغذائية على فكي الإنسان قديماً وحديثاً في السودان

Background: The masticatory units are highly affected by diet and dietary habits which are reflected on the jaw size and occlusion. There are morphological differences between the modern population and ancient, like jaws of modern population are smaller, .and project less than those of equivalent sized ancient. Aim: To determine the effect of diet and dietary habits on jaws size (width and length) in both modern and ancient. Method: Across sectional study was done in Khartoum state, comparing ancient from Marawi (albejrawya) and modern population in Khartoum state. 44 samples, 22 jaws of ancient and 22 modern populations participate. The 22 ancient remains were examined and measured directly, while the 22 modern participants filled the diet and dietary questioner then examined orally and the findings recorded on the examination sheet. The jaws measurements for living were done on radiological (OPG&CBCT). Statistical analyses of the data set included univariate analysis to show the relative frequency distribution of each variable on the dental examination sheet. Results: According to the result of overall the median of ancient jaw size maxilla vertical length was 2cm and modern population was1.4cm. The median length of mandible in ancient was 14.1cm and modern population was 13.2cm. The width was 5.2cm in ancient mandible and 4.5cm in modern population mandible. The median width of maxilla ancient was 5.6cm and modern population was 5.3cm.

Correction of Maxillary Multiple Diastem and Mandibular Crowding with Removable Orthodontic

Crowding and diastema are common malocclusion conditions that occur due to a discrepancy between tooth size and jaw size. The treatment that can be done is based on the severity of the case. Mild cases of malposition can be treated with removable orthodontic appliances. This article aims to show the analysis how an active plate device with a simple spring was used to treat multiple maxillary diastemas and anterior crowding of the mandible. The patient complained that his upper front teeth gap and his lower teeth were crowded. It does not interfere with the appearance, but sometimes open food is tucked between the front teeth. The patient has never used an orthodontic appliance before. Molar relation: Malocclusion Angle class 1 type dental with mild individual tooth malposition. Twenty-two treatment visits were performed. Treatment was carried out using an active plate with a simple spring on teeth 13, interdental 31-41, and 43; retentive components using Adam Clamer on teeth 16, 26, 36, and 46; long labial arch with U loops on the right and left permanent 1st premolar teeth. In the 22nd control, the results showed that teeth 11, 21, and 43 malpositions were corrected, and the diastema was closed on tooth 14 against 13 and tooth 21 against 22. In addition, the width of the diastema on interdental 13-12, 12-11, and 22-23 was reduced to 0.05 mm. An active plate with a simple spring can correct diastema and mild crowding of the anterior teeth

Over-eruption in marsupial carnivore teeth: compensation for a constraint

Pronounced over-eruption of the canine teeth, causing the cervical enamel margin to extend beyond the alveolar bone and exposing the root, occurs with age and growth in Australian marsupial carnivores, much more than in eco-morphologically equivalent placental carnivores. Suppression of functional tooth replacement is characteristic of marsupials, where most placentals have the primitive diphyodont pattern of two generations of incisor, canine and premolar teeth. Canine and molar tooth dimensions of four species of marsupial carnivores (thylacine Thylacinus cynocephalus , Tasmanian devil Sarcophilus harrisii and two quolls Dasyurus spp . ) and canine dimensions of seven eco-morphologically equivalent placental carnivore species were measured from museum specimens. Canine dimensions were measured in a time series on live wild-living individual devils and quolls. The canine teeth and to a lesser extent the molar teeth of marsupial carnivores continue to erupt through life, resulting in a net increase in tooth height and diameter, a phenomenon not evident in placental carnivores. Potential mechanisms causing over-eruption include tooth wear and gradual release of occlusal pressure as the individual grows. Over-eruption in marsupial carnivores may be a compensatory response for tooth size limits imposed by monophyodont tooth replacement, ensuring that animal's teeth are scaled to jaw size from juvenile to adulthood.

Jaw size variation is associated with a novel craniofacial function for galanin receptor 2 in an adaptive radiation of pupfishes.

Understanding the genetic basis of novel adaptations in new species is a fundamental question in biology. Here we demonstrate a new role for galr2 in vertebrate craniofacial development using an adaptive radiation of trophic specialist pupfishes endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas. We confirmed the loss of a putative Sry transcription factor binding site upstream of galr2 in scale-eating pupfish and found significant spatial differences in galr2 expression among pupfish species in Meckel's cartilage using in situ hybridization chain reaction (HCR). We then experimentally demonstrated a novel role for Galr2 in craniofacial development by exposing embryos to Garl2-inhibiting drugs. Galr2-inhibition reduced Meckel's cartilage length and increased chondrocyte density in both trophic specialists but not in the generalist genetic background. We propose a mechanism for jaw elongation in scale-eaters based on the reduced expression of galr2 due to the loss of a putative Sry binding site. Fewer Galr2 receptors in the scale-eater Meckel's cartilage may result in their enlarged jaw lengths as adults by limiting opportunities for a circulating Galr2 agonist to bind to these receptors during development. Our findings illustrate the growing utility of linking candidate adaptive SNPs in non-model systems with highly divergent phenotypes to novel vertebrate gene functions.

Evaluation of the Therapeutic Efficacy of Functional Devices of Planas: Longitudinal Study of a Population of Young Children Aged 7 to 9 Years, Presenting Incisor Crowding Associated with Skeletal Class I or Class II

Objects: Evaluate at the beginning of mixed dentition, the effect of planas plates tracks on disharmony between tooth and jaw size and transverse dimensions of maxillae, on mandibular retrognathia and mandibular growth direction, and on masticatory function. Material and Methods: The study was carried out on a population of 82 school children, aged 7 to 9 years, from the city of Blida, presenting incisor crowding on a skeletal class I or class II. They were divided, by drawing lots, into two comparable groups: a control group and a group having received treatment with track plates associated with selective grinding. Measurements on mouldings, on photos and on face and profile teleradiographies, were performed on each patient before and after one year of follow-up. Results: A significant difference was noted between the two groups concerning the dento-alveolar and masticatory parameters. For the skeletal parameters, the difference is not statistically significant between the two samples. Conclusion: The results confirm the effectiveness of the Planas appliance in the treatment of dento-maxillary disharmony, by expansion and plead in favor of an early treatment, in mixed dentition of this malocclusion. They also show the restoration of chewing function. With regard to the shift of the skeletal bases, if the clinical observations showed its reduction, the measurements did not demonstrate it, due to an excessively small sample size.

Secondary analysis of airway obstruction in children with adenoid hypertrophy: Association with jaw size and position

Rising information on the potential of the environment to influence phenotypical expression invited revisiting prior data on the effect of airway obstruction on jaw size, not only position. AimEvaluate the jaw interactions in response to graded airway obstruction and their effect on jaw size. Methods200 consecutively examined mouth-breathing children (age: 6.00 ± 2.62years) were referred by the pediatric otorhinolaryngologist for lateral cephalometric assessment of adenoid hypertrophy. Cephalometric measurements included maxillary and mandibular lengths, inclinations of palatal and mandibular planes and as airway measurement, the shortest distance from soft palate to adenoid (AD). Three severity groups were categorized on airway clearance level: AD1: >6mm, AD2: 2-6 mm, AD3: ≤2mm. All parameters were compared among the groups and to control databases. Statistics included one-way analysis of variance for group differences, linear and multiple regressions for associations and prediction models. ResultsAge was statistically significantly different (p < 0.001) among groups (AD1: 7.72 ± 3.02years; AD2: 5.89 ± 2.42years; AD3: 5.13 ± 2.21years). Cephalometric measurements in AD1 and AD2 were closest to normative data over time; the most severe AD3 diverged from these data. Variation in AD was accounted for by the combination of age and either mandibular length Co-Gn (59.4%) or maxillary length ANS-PNS (43.4%). Predictors of Co-Gn included the combination of ANS-PNS and AD (64.8%), and that of age, AD and palatal plane cant (62.4%). ConclusionThe results suggest that reduced nasopharyngeal clearance affects maxillary and mandibular size, the latter directly influenced by the maxillary changes.

CORRELATION BETWEEN MALOCCLUSION SEVERITY LEVEL AND CARIES STATUS OF 12-14 YEARS OLD STUDENTS IN SMPN 5 MARABAHAN

ABSTRACTBackground: South Kalimantan is one of the provinces in Indonesia that occupies the highest second of dental and oral health problems. One of the dental and oral health problems that often faced in school age group is malocclusion that is 15,6%. Malocclusion is an occlusion condition that is not right or an occlusion that deviates from normal condition. The said condition can be happened because tooth shape abnormalities and jaw size. The crowded tooth position can cause caries occurrence, because the overlapped tooth position can complicate in the process of tooth brushing. The food remains that accumulated formed plaque retention and if it’s left alone continually, it will form a cavity in the tooth, causing email demineralization called caries. Purpose: To find out the correlation between malocclusion severity levels and caries status of 12-14 years old students in SMPN 5 Marabahan Material and Methods: This research was an analytic observational with cross sectional approach. The respondents were 12-14 years old students in SMPN 5 Marabahan that were taken with simple random sampling method. The respondents were 47 people. Results: The malocclusion severity level on mild category was 24 people (51%) and the caries status on moderate category was 19 people (40%). The result of Spearman test is p=0,000 &lt; 0,05. Conclusion: There is a correlation between malocclusion severity level and caries status of 12-14 years old students in SMPN 5 Marabahan.Keywords : Caries status, DMF-T Index, Index (MAL I),Malocclusion severity

Evaluation of mandibular geometry in healthy children aged 0-1 year – a pilot study

Purpose The main aim of the researches was the three-dimensional morphological assessment of the mandible in children. Methods The research group consisted of 34 infants from 21 to 417 days of age (0-13 months). Models of the mandibles were developed on the basis of tomographic images. Characteristic anatomical points were marked on the models, on the basis of which characteristic distances and angles were calculated, determining the length, width and height of the mandible as well as its proportion and symmetry. Based on the obtained database, models of mandibular growth in the first year of life in three directions were also developed. Results It was performed the statistical analysis to assess the jaw dimensions in children in the first year of life. The size, shape and proportions of the lower jaws were obtained and analyzed. Conclusions The analysis of the results revealed some significant objective information on the growth and development of the normal mandible.

Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy on a Novel Ring Gantry-Based Linac with Integrated Dual PET-CT Imaging Systems: Dosimetric Plan Comparison and Initial Clinical Delivery Experience

<h3>Purpose/Objective(s)</h3> This study aims to report our initial clinical experience on using a new external-beam radiotherapy delivery system on a ring gantry with dual PET-CT imaging capabilities for IMRT treatments at different anatomical sites. The study also evaluates the system's plan quality compared to an existing ring gantry-based Linac. This new external-beam radiotherapy delivery system has the potential to be used for biology-guided radiotherapy. <h3>Materials/Methods</h3> We performed a single-institution retrospective review of patients treated on the machine since commissioning. The initial five patients treated to a thoracic site and five patients treated to a pelvic site were included in this study. The dose per fraction ranged from 1.8 to 3.0 Gy. The treatment plans for the machine used a 2-cm jaw size along the longitudinal direction and used the IMRT delivery mode. A 64-leaf binary MLC was used to modulate a flattening filter free 6-MV photon beam. A helical tomotherapy plan (HT plan) using a 2.5-cm jaw size was generated for each RFX plan to serve as the backup plan in clinical treatments. Dosimetric parameters used in institutional treatment protocols were compared between RFX plans and HT plans. Daily delivery records were reviewed, and actual beam-on time was compared between the two machine types. <h3>Results</h3> On average, 12 dosimetric parameters (range: 7 – 14) for critical organs and the primary PTV were used in each treatment plan as clinically relevant planning optimization parameters and were analyzed in this study. Among the critical organ dose parameters, 19 (22.4%) dosimetric parameters were lower by more than 10% in the study's plans compared to the HT plans, while 11 (12.9%) dosimetric parameters were higher by more than 10% in the study's plans compared to the HT plans. The other dosimetric parameters had less than 10% or no clinically relevant difference between the two plans. There was no statistically significant difference in integrated dose between the new machine and HT plans. All the plans were normalized so that the prescription dose covered 95% of the primary planning target volume (PTV). The average D_mean of the primary PTV were 103.5±1.1% and 102.6±0.8% of the prescription dose in the new external-beam radiotherapy delivery system and HT plans, respectively, and the average D(1%) of the primary PTV (dose covering the hottest 1% of the PTV) were 107.1±2.0% and 105.2%±1.6% in the new external-beam radiotherapy delivery system and HT plans, respectively (two-tailed p-value = 0.06 in the paired t-test). The beam-on time was not significantly different between the two machines. The average daily beam-on time was 438.8±151.2 seconds and 427.6±183.1 seconds with the new external-beam radiotherapy delivery system and HT systems, respectively (two-tailed p-value = 0.76 in the paired t-test). <h3>Conclusion</h3> Our initial clinical experience with the external-beam radiotherapy delivery system showed that image guided IMRT could be delivered to different anatomical sites with adequate clinical workflow efficiency. The new machine achieved clinically comparable treatment plan quality compared to helical tomotherapy. The beam-on time was comparable to that on helical tomotherapy.

Evolutionary divergence in phenotypic plasticity shapes brain size variation between coexisting sunfish ecotypes.

Mechanisms that generate brain size variation and the consequences of such variation on ecological performance are poorly understood in most natural animal populations. We use a reciprocal-transplant common garden experiment and foraging performance trials to test for brain size plasticity and the functional consequences of brain size variation in Pumpkinseed sunfish (Lepomis gibbosus) ecotypes that have diverged between nearshore littoral and offshore pelagic lake habitats. Different age-classes of wild-caught juveniles from both habitats were exposed for 6 months to treatments that mimicked littoral and pelagic foraging. Plastic responses in oral jaw size suggested that treatments mimicked natural habitat-specific foraging conditions. Plastic brain size responses to foraging manipulations differed between ecotypes, as only pelagic sourced fish showed brain size plasticity. Only pelagic juveniles under 1year-old expressed this plastic response, suggesting that plastic brain size responses decline with age and so may be irreversible. Finally, larger brain size was associated with enhanced foraging performance on live benthic but not pelagic prey, providing the first experimental evidence of a relationship between brain size and prey-specific foraging performance in fishes. The recent post-glacial origin of these ecotypes suggests that brain size plasticity can rapidly evolve and diverge in fish under contrasting ecological conditions.

Pediatric Rotary Files: Evolution to Revolution

The main goal of pulp therapy in primary dentition is to preserve the primary tooth thus protecting future normal occlusion. Routinely, pulp debridement and canal shaping are done by manual H-files, K-files, Broach, etc. Manual instrumentation may be time- consuming, thus impacting the behaviour of the child negatively. Thus arises the need for alternate instrumentation which will reduce the time required for treatment with better treatment outcomes. In 1988, Walia et al. introduced Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti), which revolutionized the discipline of Endodontics. These Ni-Ti files have advantage of shape memory and super elasticity thus improving the canal preparation and resulting in better shaped canals. In 2002, for first time Barr et al reported the use of rotary Ni-Ti files for the therapeutic purpose during Pulpectomy procedure in pediatric patient. He observed better acceptance by pediatric patient and good quality obturation. Till 2016, pulpectomy procedures were accomplished by the combination of hand files and adult rotary files. Adult rotary files are designed according to the morphology for permanent teeth and adult jaw size, thus the use of adult rotary files are in primary teeth may result in lateral perforation due to softer dentine of roots of primary teeth and may cause discomfort to the child thus making child unco-operative. But in 2016, Ganesh et al., pioneered the specialization of Paediatric Endodontics with his invention of specially designed rotary files. Their shape was specially designated for application in tortuous canals of primary teeth. Presently, a variety of pediatric rotary files like Kedo-STM (India), Pro AF Baby GoldTM (India),PrimePedoTM (India), DXL-ProPedoTM (India), NeolixTM (France),Denco® Kids files (China) and, Sani® Kid rotary files (China). This review is an album of these newer files and clinical and in-vitro research on them.

Fgf8 dosage regulates jaw shape and symmetry through pharyngeal-cardiac tissue relationships.

Asymmetries in craniofacial anomalies are commonly observed. In the facial skeleton, the left side is more commonly and/or severely affected than the right. Such asymmetries complicate treatment options. Mechanisms underlying variation in disease severity between individuals as well as within individuals (asymmetries) are still relatively unknown. Developmental reductions in fibroblast growth factor 8 (Fgf8) have a dosage dependent effect on jaw size, shape, and symmetry. Further, Fgf8 mutants have directionally asymmetric jaws with the left side being more affected than the right. Defects in lower jaw development begin with disruption to Meckel's cartilage, which is discontinuous. All skeletal elements associated with the proximal condensation are dysmorphic, exemplified by a malformed and misoriented malleus. At later stages, Fgf8 mutants exhibit syngnathia, which falls into two broad categories: bony fusion of the maxillary and mandibular alveolar ridges and zygomatico-mandibular fusion. All of these morphological defects exhibit both inter- and intra-specimen variation. We hypothesize that these asymmetries are linked to heart development resulting in higher levels of Fgf8 on the right side of the face, which may buffer the right side to developmental perturbations. This mouse model may facilitate future investigations of mechanisms underlying human syngnathia and facial asymmetry.

V12-01 NEW BIPOLAR RADIOFREQUENCY SEALING TOOL FOR TRANSDERMAL VASECTOMY IN THE RABBIT MODEL: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN VASECTOMY TECHNIQUE?

You have accessJournal of UrologyCME1 May 2022V12-01 NEW BIPOLAR RADIOFREQUENCY SEALING TOOL FOR TRANSDERMAL VASECTOMY IN THE RABBIT MODEL: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN VASECTOMY TECHNIQUE? Gerard Henry, Ryan Griggs, Michel Labrecque, Joel Marmar, and Tariq Hakky Gerard HenryGerard Henry More articles by this author , Ryan GriggsRyan Griggs More articles by this author , Michel LabrecqueMichel Labrecque More articles by this author , Joel MarmarJoel Marmar More articles by this author , and Tariq HakkyTariq Hakky More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000002638.01AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Bipolar Radiofrequency (RF) sealing tools have been shown to be successful in the treatment of many areas in the human body. RF has been utilized in the sealing of larger blood vessels and in nerve pain ablation in humans, showing good results for years. Urology has used RF ablation percutaneously for treating renal tumors for years. We evaluate the utilization of a new bipolar RF sealing tool for transdermal vasectomy in the rabbit model following AUA guidelines. METHODS: Two groups of 5 male New Zealand white rabbits were given IV sedation and local anesthetic and subsequent transdermal bilateral partial vasectomy using a high lateral scrotal approach. We isolated the vas with a novel insulated clamp fitting the U-shaped electrode of the sealing tool (Figure 1). In Group 1 (n=5), the device was set at 60W for 20s; however, this may differ across species. In the second group (n=5) the size of the U-shaped tool jaw was reduced and the device was set at 40 and 60W using thermal sensors. Impedance alarms shut off energy at a predetermined level. Wound healing, complications, survival, postmortem biopsies, and histology were evaluated. A doe rabbit was used with semen collections & semen analyses preformed on all male rabbits. RESULTS: We sacrificed 4 of the 5 (80%) of Group 1 rabbits due to poor wound healing secondary to excessive thermal damage. All 5/5 (100%) of Group 2 rabbits had good tissue healing and survived the procedure. The impedance alarm went off at about 5 seconds of sealing time and the device energy shut off in all Group 2 procedures. All rabbits had a negative semen analysis and on histology had occluded vas deferens. In bench top testing, we found that a 5 second interval is optimal for vas ligation. (Figure 1)Bench top testing revealed that thin short jaws (50 degree Celsius) created lower nearby tissue temperature than wide long jaws (77 degree Celsius). CONCLUSIONS: Transdermal bipolar RF sealing successfully occludes the vas deferens in rabbit vasectomy. The jaw size and sealing time using an impedance alarm system appear to be important for wound healing. This novel technique may decrease vasectomy time and morbidity. Canine studies are underway and analysis is pending. Further studies and FDA approval are needed before its application in humans. Source of Funding: Signati © 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 207Issue Supplement 5May 2022Page: e967 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2022 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Gerard Henry More articles by this author Ryan Griggs More articles by this author Michel Labrecque More articles by this author Joel Marmar More articles by this author Tariq Hakky More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...

New Bipolar Radiofrequency Sealing tool for Transdermal Vasectomy in the Rabbit Model: a Paradigm Shift in Vasectomy Technique?

ABSTRACT Introduction Bipolar Radiofrequency (RF) sealing tools have been shown to be successful in the treatment of many areas in the human body. RF has been utilized in the sealing of larger blood vessels and in nerve pain ablation in humans, showing good results for years. Urology has used RF ablation percutaneously for treating renal tumors for years. Objective We evaluate the utilization of a new bipolar RF sealing tool for transdermal vasectomy in the rabbit model. Methods Two groups of 5 male New Zealand white rabbits were given IV sedation and local anesthetic and subsequent transdermal bilateral vasectomy using a high lateral scrotal approach. We isolated the vas with a novel insulated clamp, fitting the U-shaped electrode of the sealing tool (Figure 1) around the clamp. In Group 1 (n=5), the device was set at 60 watts for 20 seconds. In the second group (n=5), the size of the U-shaped tool jaw was reduced and the device was set at 40 and 60 watts using impedance sensing to automatically shut off energy at a predetermined level. Wound healing, complications, survival, postmortem biopsies, and histology were evaluated. A doe rabbit was used with semen collections &amp; semen analyses preformed on all male rabbits. Results We sacrificed 4 of the 5 (80%) of Group 1 rabbits due to poor wound healing due to excessive thermal damage. All 5/5 (100%) of Group 2 rabbits had good tissue healing and survived the procedure. At about 5 seconds of sealing, the impedance sensing automatically shut off power to the device in all Group 2 procedures. All rabbits had a negative semen analysis and on histology had occluded vas deferens. In bench top testing, we found that a 5 second interval is optimal for vas ligation. (Figure 1) Bench top testing revealed that thin short jaws created lower nearby tissue temperature (50 degree Celsius) than wide long jaws (77 degree Celsius). Conclusions Transdermal bipolar radiofrequency sealing successfully occludes the vas deferens in rabbit vasectomy. The jaw size and sealing time using an impedance alarm system appear to be important for wound healing. This novel technique may decrease vasectomy time and morbidity. Further studies are needed before its application in humans. Disclosure Yes, this is sponsored by industry/sponsor: Signati Clarification: Industry initiated, executed and funded study Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Signati

Advances in the Study of Upper Airway Characteristics in Children with Malocclusion

Malocclusion is the malformation of teeth, jaw and skull caused by congenital genetic factors or acquired environmental factors in the process of children's growth and development, such as diseases, bad oral habits, abnormal substitute teeth, such as irregular arrangement of teeth, abnormal relationship between upper and lower dental arch, abnormal jaw size and shape, etc. Malocclusion is also accompanied by respiratory diseases and dysfunction, such as obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Conversely, abnormal occlusion also leads to respiratory tract developmental disorders and dysfunction. The cranio-maxillofacial morphology is closely related to the upper airway morphology. They are cause and effect each other. In recent years, it has been found that orthodontic treatment can not only improve the malocclusion, but also has a significant effect on the upper airway volume. The abnormal upper airway in childhood will affect children's breathing, cause children's sleep apnea, and affect children's growth and development. At the same time, with the development of society, we pay more attention to children's face. Therefore, at present, the upper airway morphological characteristics, influencing factors and correction methods of malocclusion have become the focus of research.

A dental revolution: The association between occlusion and chewing behaviour.

Dentistry is confronted with the functional and aesthetic consequences that result from an increased prevalence of misaligned and discrepant dental occlusal relations in modern industrialised societies. Previous studies have indicated that a reduction in jaw size in response to softer and more heavily processed foods during and following the Industrial Revolution (1,700 CE to present) was an important factor in increased levels of poor dental occlusion. The functional demands placed on the masticatory system play a crucial role in jaw ontogenetic development; however, the way in which chewing behaviours changed in response to the consumption of softer foods during this period remains poorly understood. Here we show that eating more heavily processed food has radically transformed occlusal power stroke kinematics. Results of virtual 3D analysis of the dental macrowear patterns of molars in 104 individuals dating to the Industrial Revolution (1,700–1,900 CE), and 130 of their medieval and early post-medieval antecedents (1,100–1,700 CE) revealed changes in masticatory behaviour that occurred during the early stages of the transition towards eating more heavily processed foods. The industrial-era groups examined chewed with a reduced transverse component of jaw movement. These results show a diminished sequence of occlusal contacts indicating that a dental revolution has taken place in modern times, involving a dramatic shift in the way in which teeth occlude and wear during mastication. Molar macrowear suggests a close connection between progressive changes in chewing since the industrialization of food production and an increase in the prevalence of poor dental occlusion in modern societies.

Let’s E-X-P-A-N-D Your knowledge

Over the past century we have noted a decrease in jaw size, and an increase in underdeveloped jaws, which fail to accommodate teeth. This has affected how the tongue, the primary oral structure, fits in the mouth. Over time many treatment modalities have been made to expand the upper arch or the maxilla to help accommodate the teeth and the tongue. This seminar will focus on different orthodontic appliances used to achieve palatal expansion.