The present research on high-manganese steel matrix composites (SMCs) strengthened with TiC particles was motivated by a need to improve the sliding wear and three-body abrasive wear resistance of materials for transport and mining equipment such as railroad switch and jaw crusher. The microstructure and wear properties of the composites were investigated. After heat treatment, the TiC particles were homogeneously distributed in the austenite matrix. With increasing volume fraction, the TiC particles tended to segregate and the particle size became larger. The experimental results show that the novel SMCs exhibit superior wear resistance. Specifically, the dry wear resistance of the composites is three times higher than that of the base steel. However, the enhancement of abrasive wear resistance is moderate for the composites. It was found that the TiC/matrix interface is clean and no particle extraction was observed on the worn surface. The superior dry wear properties of the composites can be attributed to the formation of a nanocomposite layer on the surface, while the reduction of the abrasive wear property with increasing TiC content is due to the fracture of TiC particles.