Javelin Throwers Research Articles

Differences in throwing kinematics due to changes in run-up speed in javelin throwing.

In javelin throw training, although short run-up throwing is more frequently performed than full run-up throwing (throwing like a competition), it is unclear whether the throwing motion of the short run-up throwing is different from full run-up throwing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to clarify the differences between the short and full run-up throwing in javelin throw. Twelve male javelin throwers were included in this study. The participants performed one-cross throwing (Cross), which involved throwing from a short run-up, and full run-up throwing (Run), which was similar to a competition. The coordinates of the reflective markers attached to the participant's body and javelin was recorded using an optical motion capture system. The analysis phase was from the time of last foot contact to the time of release. We calculated the kinematic variables related to javelin throwing performance and compared the Cross and Run. The results showed significant differences in the joint angles of the left knee, trunk, and right shoulder between Cross and Run. The results indicate that different throwing motions occur in short run-up throwing compared to full run-up throwing.

The relationship between vertebral column flexibility and power of limbs with achievement in javelin

In order to reach peak performance in any sport activity require preparations in terms of (physical, skills, plans, mentality and psychology) accordingly with the nature of the activity require scientific planning. Javelin throw is not beyond these preparations whereas power and flexibility contribute significantly in reaching peak level and advanced results. Power assists in throwing for further horizontal distance possible and flexibility in economy of performance energy. The researcher used descriptive correlational method on a sample of (15) male students of fourth grade whom intentionally selected, following test selection, experiment application, data collection and analyzing though the statistical package of social sciences (SPSS) the researcher concluded the there is a significant relationship between vertebral column flexibility and speed power of limbs with javelin throw achievement.

Operative Treatment of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury in Female Athletes.

Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction has been the standard surgical intervention for elite male athletes with UCL insufficiency. Recently, UCL repair and augmentation with an internal brace has been increasingly performed. To evaluate the clinical and functional outcomes as well as return-to-sport rate after UCL repair in female athletes. Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Included were 15 female athletes (mean age, 16.5 ± 3.5 years) who underwent UCL repair between 2011 and 2021 at a single institution. Data collected included age, sport played, competition level, symptom onset, previous surgeries, mechanism of injury, surgical intervention, and return to sport. Patients were contacted via phone at minimum 24-month follow-up, and postoperative outcomes were evaluated using the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS) and the Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE). Of the 15 female athletes, there were 4 cheerleaders, 3 softball players, 2 volleyball players, 2 soccer players, 1 gymnast, 1 tennis player, 1 dancer, and 1 javelin thrower. Ten of the 15 athletes (67%) competed at the high school level, 4 (26%) at the collegiate level, and 1 patient (7%) was a recreational volleyball player. In all patients, there was an acute onset of symptoms after injury. Ten patients underwent UCL repair with an internal brace (67% of athletes), while 5 underwent standard UCL repair. The median MEPS for athletes with and without an internal brace was 100 (range, 80-100). There was no significant difference of MEPS (P = .826) or SANE scores (P = .189) between the patients who received an internal brace and those who did not. Thirteen of the 15 athletes (86.7%) returned to sport. The UCL injuries in the female athletes in this study were the result of acute trauma. Primary UCL repair, both with and without internal bracing, was an effective surgical treatment for returning these athletes to sport.

The Percentage of the Contribution of some Biomechanical Variables to the Final Throwing Step and the Achievement of the Javelin Throw to the Applicants

The rapid development that occurred in athletics activities, especially the javelin throwing event in the world, was the result of using the latest technology and all research tools to study the parts of the movement and discover its errors and try to overcome them by finding the correct motor path through correct kinematic guidance to ensure the requirements for success in performing the technical stages of the effectiveness, and from Here the importance of the research appears through its study of biomechanical variables using modern analysis devices for the stages of performance and completion of the javelin throw to obtain figures and statistics that show where the strengths and weaknesses of performance (achievement) lie, and through these statistics it becomes in the hands of the trainers a clear picture of work to correct and improve the digital achievement. The researcher should address the truth of the correlation relationships between the most important biomechanical variables that characterize the individual of the research sample and find the true correlation coefficient for these variables with the achievement achieved. The best performance of the archer to achieve achievement a For the best. The aim of the research:1- Identify the nature of the correlation between the biomechanical launch variables and javelin achievement.2- Identifying the contribution percentage to the biomechanical launch variables in the performance of the last throwing step and the completion of the javelin throw.The researcher relied on the descriptive approach in the method of relational relationships. The researcher chose a community by the deliberate method from the javelin players, the applicant category of Iraqi clubs, whose number is (9) players. As for the research sample, their number reached (6) players and (3) players were excluded because they were unable to Completing the six throws, and the researcher used the means of kinetic analysis for the purpose of extracting the biomechanical variables for the last throwing step. The results were processed by appropriate statistical means. The researcher drew the following conclusions:- The contribution rate to the angle variables did not indicate the effectiveness of these variables in achievement.The researcher recommends the following:- The use of periodic kinematic analysis and interpretation of the results of the analysis in line with the development of ideal performance

The Effect of Using Programmed Instruction on Students' Learning of Javelin Effectiveness on Third-Year Students at Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

Abstract:Teaching methods that actively engage the student and entrust him with learning tasks are among the important and successful methods of delivering the educational material to the student, and on this basis the researcher set out to test programmed education that allows the student to be effective and able to make decisions and advance learning according to his capabilities, and through the researcher's modest experience in Teaching the field and field subject I noticed the weakness of the skill performance of the third stage students in the javelin event because of the difficulty of learning that is characterized by this event, and to solve this problem the researcher used linear programmed education through designing an educational CD that displays the educational material and exercises that the student follows to learn performance The skills to see them and progress in their studies and apply exercises according to the speed of his learning and his possibilities to reach learning, under the supervision of the subject teacher. Where the researcher believes that the use of programmed learning may increase students' ability to achieve better learning through reading, follow-up, and performing exercises in the educational CD. The aim of the research is to identify the effect of using the programmed teaching method on learning the skill performance of the effectiveness of javelin throwing among students of the third stage / Department of Physical Education / College of Basic Education / University of Diyala. As for the research hypotheses, they were represented by the existence of statistically significant significant differences between each of the following: 1. The proficiency test before and after and for the control and experimental groups, in favor of the post test. 2. The post-skill test for the control and experimental groups, for the benefit of the experimental group. The researcher used the experimental method by designing the control and experimental groups for its suitability and the nature of the problem, as she selected the research community by the intentional method, which is the third stage in the Department of Physical Education, College of Basic Education. The research sample was represented by (15) students representing the experimental group and (15) students representing the control group. The control group studied using the traditional method, while the experimental group studied using programmed education. As for the most important findings of the research, they were thus represented 1- Programmed education has an effect on learning skill performance better than the used method. 2- The interaction of students in the experimental group in viewing and following up on the prepared tablet according to the programmed teaching. As for the most important recommendations, they were: - 1- Preparing educational tablets according to the programmed education for each of the square and field activities. 2- Using programmed education in games and other skills other than the field and the field

Characteristics of throwing arm movement for an elongated implement: a comparison of the javelin and baseball throwing.

In javelin, although many previous studies have examined throwing movements that can increase initial velocity, the characteristics of throwing arm movement an elongated implement have not been clarified. The purpose of the present study was to examine the characteristics of the throwing movement of an elongated implement by comparing throwing movement between a javelin and baseball. Twelve male javelin throwers were asked to perform a javelin throw (JT) and a baseball long toss (LT) twice. The three-dimensional coordinates of reflective markers attached to the athlete's body, javelin, and baseball were measured using an optical motion capture system. %Trajectory was used as an index to evaluate the degree to which the hand was moved linearly during the throw. A smaller value of this indicator meant that the hand was move closer to a straight line. The joint angles in the throwing arm were obtained by calculating the Euler angles between body segments. These data were used to compare JT and LT. %Trajectory showed that JT was significantly smaller than LT. Significant differences in the joint angles of the throwing arm were noted between JT and LT. JT showed a kinematic pattern in which the hand was moved more linearly than in baseball long toss.

How the acceleration phase influences energy flow and the resulting joint moments of the throwing shoulder in the deceleration phase of the javelin throw.

The throwing motion in the javelin throw applies high loads to the musculoskeletal system of the shoulder, both in the acceleration and deceleration phases. While the loads occurring during the acceleration phase and their relationship to kinematics and energy flow have been relatively well investigated, there is a lack of studies focusing the deceleration phase. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate how the throwing arm is brought to rest, which resultant joint torques are placed on the shoulder and how they are influenced by the kinematics of the acceleration phase. The throwing movement of 10 javelin throwers were recorded using a 12-infrared camera system recording at 300 Hz and 16 markers placed on the body. Joint kinematics, kinetics and energy flow were calculated between the touchdown of the rear leg and the timepoint of maximum internal rotation after release +0.1 s. Elastic net regularization regression was used to predict the joint loads in the deceleration phase using the kinematics and energy flow of the acceleration phase. The results show that a significant amount of energy is transferred back to the proximal segments, while a smaller amount of energy is absorbed. Furthermore, relationships between the kinematics and the energy flow in the acceleration phase and the loads placed on the shoulder joint in the deceleration phase, based on the elastic net regularized regression, could be established. The results indicate that the loads of the deceleration phase placed on the shoulder can be influenced by the kinematics of the acceleration phase. For example, an additional upper body forward tilt can help to increase the braking distance of the arm and thus contribute to a reduced joint load. Furthermore, the energy flow of the acceleration phase can be linked to joint stress. However, as previously demonstrated the generation of mechanical energy at the shoulder seems to have a negative effect on shoulder loading while the transfer can help optimize the stress. The results therefore show initial potential for optimizing movement, to reduce strain and improve injury prevention in the deceleration phase.

Analysis Toward The Traditional Sports Culture Of Ethnic Minorities Contained In The Miao Albums Of Qing Dynasty

The traditional sports culture of China's ethnic minorities is a colorful aspect of China's history and heritage. One particularly interesting example is the practice of "Miao Albums" among the Miao people during the Qing Dynasty." Miao Albums" refers to a unique traditional sport commonly practiced by the Miao people in the mountainous regions of southwest China. The Qing Dynasty "Miao Albums" is an important source for the study of the history and culture of the Miao and other ethnic minorities, and it contains a wealth of sports and cultural elements. These elements not only reflect the sports activities and lifestyles of the ethnic minorities at that time, but also provide valuable historical information for today's sports research. Through the analysis of the Miao Albums in the Qing Dynasty, the traditional sports culture. As a precious historical document, the qing Dynasty Miao Albums reveals the rich sports culture and life style in the Miao region. It is found that the sports activities displayed in the Qing Dynasty are diverse and unique, including archer utensils, javelin throw, wrestling, dancing, mountaineering and other forms. These activities not only reflect the sports skills and competitive spirit of the Miao people, but also reflect their aesthetic concepts and cultural traditions. At the same time, the sports costumes and props in the Miao Albums of the Qing Dynasty also show the unique national style. The combination of colorful and exquisite costumes and sports activities not only increases the appreciation, but also conveys the charm and value of the Miao culture. To sum up, the traditional sports culture of ethnic minorities carried by the Miao Albums in the Qing Dynasty shows the rich and colorful sports life, unique aesthetic concepts and cultural traditions of the Miao people.

The percentage of contribution of the most important physical and mental abilities to the completion of the javelin throw among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

The percentage of contribution of the most important physical and mental abilities to the completion of the javelin throw among female students of the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences

The Relationship Between Torque, Angle, and Javelin Release Velocity for Beginners

This study aimed to determine the torque values of the body at the moment of the final throwing position, as well as the velocity and angle of release, and to identify the relationship between these three variables. The sample consisted of third-year students from the Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences at the College of Basic Education, University of Mustansiriyah. The mean and standard deviation of the sample's age were (22.6) years (±0.68), weight (70.7) kg (±1.80), and height (173.2) cm (±0.95). The most important procedures for determining the measurements and the specific test of the research included measuring the height and weight of the sample and conducting the tests under study. The most important results showed a correlation coefficient between torque and javelin release velocity for students studying track and field in the javelin throw event. The most important conclusions are that there is a relationship between torque, release angle, and release velocity of the javelin, and the significance level is (0.005).

Theoretical Aspects regarding Athletics and the Event of the Javelin Throw

Standing out among the other three throwing events, the javelin throw is known to be one of the most spectacular events in the discipline of athletics. It usually takes place in the last two days of major world competitions due to its impressive show and thrilling changes that occur during the six attempts. This paper aims to present the theoretical aspects of this event through the research and study of the published literature and scientific work of specialists in this field. As the sports domain is one of a large content this paper is a contribution to a dynamic and expanding literature. Athletics and gymnastics are the sports disciplines that lie at the basis of all sports. The throwing technique of this event is constantly improving due to the specialized equipment and the continuous development of the technologies. In conclusion, the academic literature is expanding and the theoretical aspects are adapted to the discoveries. 

FINE MOTOR SKILLS AND BMI ARE GOOD PREDICTORS OF ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE IN COLLEGE STUDENTS

Athletic performance is affected by numerous factors such as genetic makeup, environmental factors, and psychological factors. The goal of the present study was to examine the effects of fine motor skills and BMI on athletic performance of college students. The sample for this study consisted of 31 students (mean age 19 years, SD- 1.1 year; 7 females, 24 males) recruited from the Faculty of Kinesiology at the University of Sarajevo. The students were given Purdue Pegboard test of motor skills and Test of Athletic performance consisting of 8 tests: sprint running, high/low start, relay running, hurdle racing, high jump, long jump, shot put, and javelin throw. We assessed the impact of their BMI and fine motor skills on the Athletic performance. The results revealed a statistically significant effect of fine motor skills and BMI on Athletic performance. More specifically, these two factors explained around 30% of the variance in Athletic performance. These findings could be beneficial for designing more effective training programs that not only focus on general physical fitness but also consider the role of fine motor skills and body composition in improving overall athletic performance.

Physical fitness and motor competence performance characteristics of Chinese elite youth athletes from four track and field throwing disciplines-a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: For systematic athletic training and targeted talent development, it is essential to know the physical fitness and motor competencies of top athletes in detail. However, it can be difficult to identify differences in performance requirements and thus to provide adequate support, especially for sports that at first glance appear to have similar demands-such as track and field throwing disciplines. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the physical fitness and motor competence of top athletes from different throwing disciplines and to check whether the athletes' performance parameters match the specific requirements of the respective sport. Methods: The study involved 289 male youth athletes (aged 14-18years) across four distinct throwing disciplines: shot put (n = 101), hammer throw (n = 16), discus throw (n = 63), and javelin throw (n = 109). The performance evaluation comprised three anthropometric measurements and twelve motor performance prerequisites applicable to the throwing disciplines. Discriminant analysis and neural networks (Multilayer Perceptron) were implemented to determine the possibility of distinguishing among athletes from the four sports. Results: The study's findings indicate that in male throwing athletes, disparities in general physical fitness and motor proficiency assessments discern the majority of talented young athletes based on their specific sport (discriminant analysis: 68.2%; multilayer perceptron analysis: 72.2%). This remains applicable irrespective of the classification method employed. Discus throwers possessed a height advantage, while shot putters and hammer throwers exhibited superior arm strength. Javelin throwers displayed better explosive strength and sprinting speed. Except for the hammer throwers, all events demonstrated a high level of explosive power in the medicine ball forward or backward throw test, which was especially crucial for shot put and discus athletes. Conclusion: The significance of physical fitness and motor competence tests in identifying and transferring talented athletes in track and field throwing disciplines has been affirmed. Using linear and non-linear classification methods, most athletes could be assigned to their correct sport. However, this also shows that slightly different training and talent identification is required for each of these sports. Furthermore, non-linear analysis methods can provide useful support for the development processes in junior competitive sports.

Kinematic Contribution to Javelin Velocity at Different Run-Up Velocities in Male Athletes.

In javelin training, many athletes improve their throwing technique by throwing from a slower run-up velocity than in competitions. However, whether the acquisition of javelin velocity in throwing from a slower run-up velocity is the same as in full run-up throwing is unclear. The purpose of this study was to clarify the differences in the contribution of each movement to the javelin velocity caused by changes in the run-up velocity within an individual. Twelve collegiate male javelin throwers were included in this study. Athletes performed two types of throws: one-cross throwing (Cross) and full run-up throwing (Run). The coordinates of reflective markers attached to the thrower's body and the javelin were recorded using an optical motion capture system. The percentage contribution of each joint movement to the javelin velocity was calculated and compared between Cross and Run. Cross had a lower contribution of trunk forward lean to forward and upward javelin velocities compared to Run. On the other hand, Cross had a higher contribution of trunk counter-clockwise rotation to forward and upward javelin velocities than Run. These results suggest that as the velocity of run-up changes within an individual, the acquisition of javelin velocity also changes.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Lempar Lembing Melalui Pemanfaatan Media Audio Visual Pada Siswa Kelas XII SMA Negeri 3 Maluku Tenggara

This research is Classroom Action Research (PTK). This research was carried out in two cycles, each cycle consisting of planning, implementing actions, observing and reflecting. The research subject were class XII SMA Negeri 3 Southeast Maluku, totaling 24 students. The data sources are teachers, students and researchers. Data collection techniques using observation, tests, and documentation or archives. Based on the results of the analysis, a significant increase was obtain from pre-cycle to cycle I and from cycle I to cycle II. Of pre-cycle total of 24 students, only 14 students completed and 10 students did not or a percentage 75% and 25% students did not complete. Then the cycle I show an increase, 14 students or 75% were complete category and the remaining 10 students or 25% were in the complete category. In cycle II the increase in student learning outcome was 100% or 24 students complete category. conclusion that the use of visual audio media can be used to improve javelin throw learning outcome for class XII SMA Negeri 3 Southeast Maluku.

Isokinetic thigh muscles strength in semi-professional athletics: A one season prospective cohort study

IntroductionContinuous evaluations of athletes, including strength testing, can help control performance improvement or facilitate the restoration of normality after an injury. The aim of the present study was to prospectively determine the peak torque (PT), angle at which PT is achieved, and functional ratios of flexors and extensors thigh muscles during one season. Material and methodsThirty semi-professional male athletes competing in long jumping (n = 10), javelin throwing (n = 10), and sprinting (n = 10) participated. PT was evaluated in relation to limb length; the angle at which PT was achieved was obtained from the force-curve displayed in the isokinetic dynamometer; functional ratios were calculated by dividing concentric hamstring strength by eccentric quadriceps strength (flexor ratio) or vice-versa for the extensor ratio. Assessment was performed at 60º/s and 300º/s. ResultsSignificant variations were seen for both extensor and flexor PTs at different stages of the season, with moderate to large effect sizes observed (effect size (d) = 0.49–0.93). Functional ratios and the angle at which peak torque was achieved remained stable throughout the season. ConclusionsThigh muscle strength is unstable throughout a track and field season, coaches or medical staff should consider these findings when programming training sessions or rehabilitating an athlete.

Energy flow in men's javelin throw and its relationship to joint load and performance.

Performance in javelin throwing is dependent on the release speed and therefore the energy transferred to the javelin. Little is known about the flow of mechanical energy in javelin throwing and whether there is a connection to joint loading and throwing performance. The purpose of the study was therefore to investigate (1) the energy flow within the kinetic chain of the throwing arm, (2) how it is related to performance and joint loads and (3) how joint forces and torques are used to transfer, generate and absorb mechanical energy. The kinematics of 10 experienced javelin throwers were recorded using a 12-camera infrared system. 16 markers were placed on the athlete's body, five on the javelin to track the movement of each segment. A segmental power analysis was carried out to calculate energy flow between upper body, upper arm, forearm and hand. Stepwise regression analysis was used to calculate the variable that best predicts release speed and joint loads. The results indicate that the higher the peak rate of energy transfer from the thorax to the humerus, the higher the release speed and the joint loads. While there were no differences between the peak rate of energy transfer in the different joints, the energy transferred differed depending on whether joint forces or torques were used. It can be further shown that higher joint torques and thus higher rotational kinetics at the shoulder are linked to higher release speeds. Thus, the movements of the upper body can be of great influence on the result in javelin throwing. Furthermore, the data show that athletes who are able to transfer more energy through the shoulder, rather than generate it, experience a smaller joint loading. An effective technique for improved energy transfer can thus help perform at the same level while lowering joint stress or have higher performance at the same joint loading.

Problem-solving prior to instruction in learning motor skills - Initial self-determined practice improves javelin throwing performance

BackgroundA question that many parents face when their child learns motor skills like riding a bicycle concerns the temporal order of explicit instruction (I) and self-determined practice (problem solving, PS). In physical education, a systematic evaluation of effects of the temporal order on learning outcomes is so far missing. AimsWe tested if the beneficial effects of the PS-I sequence over I-PS found in cognitive domains also applies to motor learning in physical education. Therefore, the influence of the temporal order of I and PS on performance improvements was investigated for the case of learning javelin throwing. Javelin throwing was chosen as learning task as it shares similarities with cognitive tasks. SampleNinety 7th graders learned javelin throwing. MethodsThe subjects either received explicit instruction on technical movement features of javelin throwing before self-determined practice (I-PS), or they started with self-determined practice and received the instruction afterwards (PS–I). We measured changes in throwing distance and changes in performance of technical features of the throws. ResultsStudents with PS-I, but not students with I-PS, showed increased javelin throwing distance and increased number of executions of technical features from pre- to post-test. ConclusionsThis study extends results found in cognitive domains to motor learning in physical education. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms of these effects, in particular the role of awareness of knowledge gaps through initial practice that could be elaborated on during subsequent instruction, and the suppression of implicit learning processes with explicit instruction.

The comparison between the influence of rehaencalina-rehaencalina-torso (RRT) and rehaencalina-bench press-torso (RBT) training on javelin throwing ability

Explosive power athletes are a significant requirement in javelin throwing. Increasing the explosive power of the arm requires proper training, including using rehaencalina exercises. This study aimed to determine the modification of rehaencalina exercises to improve the ability to throw javelins. This research uses the Experiment method, which uses a two-group pretest-posttest design. The sample in this study was 18 javelin throw athletes from Makassar State University. The research instrument used a javelin-throwing ability test. Data analysis was processed using descriptive test statistics, normality test, homogeneity test, and Anakova test. The results found a comparison of the effects of the two treatment groups on the variable javelin throwing ability, resulting in an average javelin throwing ability between exercises showing an increase in javelin throwing ability seen from the average increase in test results. The average javelin throwing ability for both groups showed that group 1 of the Rehaencalina-Rehaencalina-Torso (R-R-T) exercise resulted in a better improvement in javelin throwing ability than group 2 of the Rehanecalina-Bench Press-Torso (R-B-T) exercise. This study concludes that arm power explosiveness modification exercises with Rehaencalina exercises can improve javelin throwing ability. The results of this study can be a foothold to pay attention to the physical component in improving sports skills.

"My Javelin Throw" Android-based Javelin Throw Learning Application

This research is motivated by the need for a new learning model with different and engaging learning media, particularly in javelin throwing education. The aim of this research is to create an Android-based learning media for javelin throw. The method in this research is Research and Development (R&D). The subjects and location of this research are 11th-grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Bantarbolang, Pemalang Regency. In the small-scale research, the sample consists of 21 11th-grade students, while in the large-scale research, the sample consists of 272 11th-grade students. The data collection technique used is a questionnaire as the instrument. The quantitative data analysis technique in this research utilizes descriptive statistical analysis. The final validation results from media experts indicate that all aspects are rated as "Good" with a score of 78%. Meanwhile, the final validation from subject matter experts indicates that all aspects are rated as "Excellent" with a score of 82%. According to the data analysis results in the small-scale trial, the percentage obtained is 86.17%.