Jaunpur District Research Articles

Isolation and characterization of alginate producing Azotobacter sp, isolated from rhizospheric soil of Oryza sativa (L.) and Triticum aestivum (L.)

Alginate as biopolymer consisting of β-D Mannuronic acid and α-L Guluronic acid monomer residues linked by (1-4) glycosidic bond. Brown seaweeds mostly Laminaria sp, Ascophyllum nodosum, Eclonia maxima, Sargassum sp. and Macrocystis pyrifera were earlier used for commercial alginate production. Major drawback of using sea weeds for alginate production were high production cost, impurity issue and safety concerns includes the reasons behind discovery of novel bacterial sources to make an efficient alginate production system. Later two bacterial genera Pseudomonas and Azotobacter were reported for alginate production. However, due to pathogenicity, and quality issue associated with some Pseudomonas strains, Azotobacter sp. was found to be most reliable and prioritized bacterial sources for alginate production with appreciable qualities which will be ready to be used for industrial applications. Therefore, current research aims to isolate and characterize a new strain of Azotobacter sp. with alginate-producing ability. Two different soil samples were collected from two places Deokali and Parsurampur, Jaunpur district in the spring (06 August 2022) and winter (06 February, 2023) seasons from Oryza sativa and Triticum aestivum rhizospheric region respectively. Azotobacter sp. was isolated by using Nitrogen Free Burk’s medium and alginate production was confirmed by gel formation assay method in the presence of CuSO4 and CaCl2 solutions. The carbohydrate qualitative test was done by using Molisch’s Test. Two novel strains Azotobacter chroococcum PU-RSD01 and Azotobacter chroococcum PU-RSD02 were isolated on the basis of high alginate producing ability. Morphological, biochemical and molecular techniques further characterized the isolates.

Effect of Different Levels of Integrated Nutrient Management in Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)

A field experiment was conducted during the Rabi session of 2020-21 in Jaunpur district which lies Indo-Gangetic plains of Central Uttar Pradesh to study the effect of integrated nutrient management in mustard (Brassica juncea L.). The trial was laid down in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications and twelve treatments viz, T1 100% RDF, T2 100% RDF + Azotobacter, T3 100% RDF + Azotobacter + PSB, T4 75% RDF + 25% N from FYM, T5 75% RDF + 25% N from FYM + Azotobacter, T6 75% RDF + 25% N from FYM + Azotobacter + PSB, T7 50% RDF + 50% N from FYM, T8 50% RDF + 50% N from FYM + Azotobacter, T9 50% RDF + 50% N from FYM + Azotobacter + PSB, T10 25% RDF + 75% N from FYM, T11 25% RDF + 75% N from FYM + Azotobacter, T12 25% RDF + 75% N from FYM + Azotobacter + PSB. Result of this study revealed that there was significant effect on growth and yield parameters. Plant height, number of branches, number of siliques, length of silique, number of seed per siliqua, test weight, seed and stover yield in T6 which was statistically at par with T9, T8, T7, T3. Maximum yield (1807 kg/ha) was recorded in T6. It may be concluded that RDF with organic Manure (FYM) and Biofertilizer (Azotobacter + PSB) is possible to produce more yield in mustard crops cultivated without much soil productivity under Indo-Gangetic plains of central Uttar Pradesh.

Studies on Morphological Effect of Some Pesticides on Fresh Water Fish, Labeo rohita in Sai River of Jaunpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India

Pesticides are one of the potentially harmful toxic chemicals introduced into the aquatic environment. Fish serve as important bio-indicators for aquatic life. Widely used pesticides formulation two investigate possible chemical biological and toxicological effects of pesticides that may enter into our eco-system. Effects of pesticides (herbicides insecticides, rodenticides and fungicides) to loss protein content of the liver gill and intestinal tissue of the fresh water fish, Labeorohita.The Recent study is aimed two assess the toxicological impacts of treated and untreated effluents on aquatic fresh water fish, Labeo rohita. The Most common edible fish having diverse characters includes difference in morphology, food and feeding etc. Symptoms were nearly identical on various host spp (Labeo rohita. with respect to behaviour of the infected fish. The toxicity of pesticides to an organism is usualy expressed in terms of the LD50 (lethal dose 50 percent) and LC50 (50 percent lethal concentration) observed the behavioural studies of exposed to Labeorohita. Therefore, the protection and prevention of aquatic ecosystem will be possible only with the appropriate and rationalized application of pesticides.

Aquatic Angiosperms of Jaunpur

The present paper deals with an investigation of aquatic angiosperms of Jaunpur District. Geography, climate and ecological classification of the species along with diagnostic features and phenology are described. In all, 127 species representing 91 genera and 44 families have been recorded.

Optimization of Sterilization Parameters for Isolation of Endophytes from Allium sativum and Exploring its Antibacterial Activity

Endophytic bacteria reside within the plant cell and are beneficial to it in a number of ways like growth, protection to environmental conditions and sustainability in favor of the hosts. Throughout the ages, Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has legendary therapeutic importance. The important step in endophyte isolation is the removal of plant tissue surface microflora, called as surface sterilization. Endophytes from medicinal plants may mimic the compound produced by the host plant and also plays an important role in production of bioactive compound, so it is necessary to isolate endophytes, not the epiphytic microbes. The present investigation was undertaken with an aim to optimize the sterilization parameters viz: time and concentration of ethanol and sodium hypochlorite for isolation of endophytic bacteria as well as exploring their antibacterial activity from Allium sativum. The results revealed that concentration and exposure time of sterilizing agent caused prominent surface sterilization but have negative effect on isolation of endophytes. Experimental results revealed that 70% ethanol (6 min), 2% sodium hypochlorite (1 min) followed by 70% ethanol (30 sec) is effective for surface sterilization of leaf and 70% ethanol (6 min), 3% sodium hypochlorite (1 min) followed by ethanol (30 sec) for bulb of Allium sativum. A total of 86 bacterial endophytes were recovered and screened for antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus cereus ATCC 11778, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi and Proteus. Out of 86 bacterial endophytes, only (9%) endophytes were found to be inhibiting one or all test human pathogen. The findings of the present study suggest that use of optimized sterilization conditions are effective for removing surface bacterial strains without affecting endophytes as well as the Allium sativum plant of the Jaunpur district represents an excellent reservoir of endophytic bacteria and novel source of bioactive compounds. On the other hand different concentration and time of their exposure to different parts of plant is required for proper surface sterilization of that part and isolation of endophytes.

Influence the Adoption of Improved Production Technology among Mustard Growers in the Jaunpur District, Uttar Pradesh, India

This study explores how mustard growers in the Jaunpur district adopt new technologies, with a particular emphasis on how much improved production technology is adopted thanks to Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) Jaunpur. India's most common occupation, agriculture, has difficulties like decreased crop yields and the requirement for sustainable methods. KVKs, which were founded in 1973, are essential for distributing agricultural innovations and offering vocational training. Purposively undertaken in Jaunpur, the study investigates the socioeconomic aspects that impact the adoption behavior of mustard growers. The assessment of adoption level indicates that 41.66% of participants belong to the medium adoption category, underscoring the necessity of customized interventions. The results provide insight into the dynamics of technology adoption among mustard farmers and highlight the function of KVKs in advancing environmentally friendly farming methods.

Level of human resource development and disparities in Jaunpur district, Uttar Pradesh

Level of human resource development and disparities in Jaunpur district, Uttar Pradesh

Impact of Front Line Demonstrations in Improving Rice Productivity and Profitability in Jaunpur District of Uttar Pradesh, India

A study was carried out during Kharif, 2019 to assess the impact of Frontline Demonstrations (FLDs) on productivity and profitability of rice crop in Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The FLDs were conducted by the ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, under the IARI-Outreach Programme to know the yield gap, technology gap, extension gap, economic return, extent of farmer’s satisfaction, and constraints faced by the farmers, especially paddy growers. The critical inputs were identified in existing production technology through personal interaction, group meetings, and discussions with farmers and scientists. Improved variety, soil testing, seed treatment, integrated nutrient management, weed management, and pest and disease management are among the improved technologies. The result showed that switching from traditional farming methods to more advanced production technologies can result in yields of 30.00 percent and net returns of 27.00 percent. The extension gap of 1.20 t/ha, technological gap (0.55 t/ha), and technology index (9.57%) were registered for the Pusa Sugandha-5 variety. An additional returns of ₹16884.33/ha was obtained with an additional investment of ₹8395.67/ha, coupled with scientific monitoring of demonstrations and the use of rice varieties during investigations, which also influenced the economic returns per unit area. The constraint that was found to be the most difficult to overcome was the lack of improved, high-yielding rice varieties. In order to increase their yield and increase the production and productivity of rice in Uttar Pradesh, farmers in the area are advised to adopt new rice varieties as well as a recommended improved package of practices and technologies.

A Study on Impact of Information and Communication Technology on Farmer's Knowledge and Adoption on Potato Production Technologies in Jaunpur District of Uttar Pradesh, India

The study was conducted in Jalalpur block of Jaunpur district (U.P.) selected purposively. A sample size of 120 farmers was selected through proportionate random sampling technique from five villages on the basis of land holding. The interview schedule was developed keeping in view the objective and variable sunder study and respondents were contacted personally for data collection. The mean, standard deviation, percentage, correlation were used for calculation and Drawing the inferences. The study depicted that a highest number of respondents (49.16%) was found middle age i.e. 40 to 60 year. The majority of the respondents (87.50%) were found as literate, (51.67%) of the respondents belonged to other backward class and dominance of family type was joint family system(67.50%), majority of the respondents had puccka houses (50.83%), (34.16%) of farmers were found having the size of land holding 2 to 4 ha. i.e. middle farmers. Most of the family (69.16%) reported agriculture (farming) as their main occupation and having annual income up to Rs. 2.0 lakh -3.0 lakh (40.00%). And social precipitation (45.83%) of the respondents had member of one organization. The extension contact was observed highest with Gram Pradhan under mass media information source, overall material possession of the respondents was found medium level material possession. Scientific orientation and economic motivation were found medium level with (42.50) and (48.33%) respectively. Most of the respondents had medium level of knowledge about ICTs tools (48.34%), adoption about potato production practices respondents had 40.0% fair knowledge Adoption extent of potato production practices in three categories viz .high ,medium and low. The variable like education and family annual income (lakh) were found positive and highly significant correlation with knowledge level of ICTs tools regarding potato production practices in agricultural development. The variables i.e. education and occupation were found positive and highly significant correlation with knowledge and utilization towards ICT stools. The major constraints faced by the farmers in getting knowledge about Information and Communication Technology were ‘Insufficient knowledge about ICT stools’ ‘Lack of commitment by officials for ICT stools’ ‘Lack of conviction’ ‘Perceived malpractices at different level ’and other constraints too.

‘Musahar’, in Uttar Pradesh: A Caste Searching for its Identity in Contemporary India

Caste-class nexus, a discourse which never gets old in a highly stratified country like India. Within every level of stratification, a dominant caste had formed its class and a mechanism for discrimination within caste and social groups. From the 1950s onwards in India, voting and identity politics played a crucial role in the strong caste-class phenomenon. This discourse had forced some caste groups to remain at the bottom of the hierarchy, and one such caste is Musahar. They are one of the most discriminated social groups, a marginalised dalit caste, (dalit among dalits), officially ex-untouchables, sufferers of extreme poverty, hunger and malnutrition and commonly known by the name ‘Musa-har’, which means rat-eaters, they are primarily found in Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Among the dalit fold, they are at the lowest rung of the caste hierarchy mostly agricultural labourers. This article is an ethnographic study conducted in four villages in Jaunpur district. This article will be focused on the sociopolitical and cultural aspects of the Musahar in their day-to-day lives. A section of this article is dedicated to the identity crisis among Musahar castes occurring as a result of their lower sociopolitical position in the caste hierarchy. After the pandemic, the socioeconomic status of Musahar is more deteriorated due to the unavailability of essential services in their locality, and a section of this article assessed the implementation of government policies before and after the pandemic.

AGRICULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS IN FLOODPLAIN ZONE OF MIDDLE GANGA PLAIN

This paper has been attempted to study the difference dimensions of agriculture like crop diversification, cropping intensity, crop combination, crop ranking, irrigation intensity and land use efficiency in floodplain zone of middle Ganga plain. Agriculture plays a very important role in the economic development of our country (India), where 65 percent of rural population is directly or indirectly depended on the agricultural for survival. The largest population of India has been livening in Ganga floodplain so it has necessary to study the different agricultural characteristics. The major objectives of the study are to analyze the spatial pattern of agriculture diversification, crop ranking, crop combination and to calculate the irrigation intensity, cropping intensity, land use efficiency of Jaunpur district. The present study has been exclusively based on secondary data which collected from different offices and websites. Crop diversification measure by Singh (1976) formula which was slightly modified the Bhatia (1965) formula, cropping intensity analyzed with the help of Singh (1974) method and crop combination determined by Kikukazu Doi (1959) method. In the Jaunpur district the irrigation intensity has been 140.10, crop diversification index has been 38.69, cropping intensity index has 100.07. In study area wheat is the dominant crop, paddy dominated as the second crop and maize is the third crop. There are three types crop combinations like wheat-rice, wheat-rice-maize and wheat-maize- rice.

Demographic Analysis of Jaunpur district

Demographic Analysis of Jaunpur district

Assessment of groundwater geochemistry for drinking and irrigation suitability in Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh using GIS-based statistical inference.

The quality of groundwater in the Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh is poorly studied despite the fact that it is the only supply of water for both drinking and irrigation and people use it without any pre-treatment. The evaluation of groundwater quality and suitability for drinking and irrigation is presented in this study. Groundwater samples were collected and analysed by standard neutralisation and atomic emission spectrophotometry for major anions (HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, F-, NO3-), cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+), and heavy metals (Cd, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Pb). The geographic information system (GIS) and statistical inferences were utilised for the spatial mapping of the groundwater's parameters. The potential water abstraction (i.e. taking water from sources such as rivers, streams, canals, and underground) for irrigation was assessed using the sodium absorption ratio (SAR), permeability index (PI), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and Na percentage. According to the findings, the majority of the samples had higher EC, TDS, and TH levels, indicating that they should be avoided for drinking and irrigation. The positive correlation coefficient between chemical variability shows that the water chemistry of the studied region is influenced by geochemical and biological causes. According to the USSL (United States Salinity Laboratory) diagram, most of the samples fall under the C2-S1 and C3-S1 moderate to high salt categories. Some groundwater samples were classified as C4-S3 class which is unfit for irrigation and drinking. This study suggests that the groundwater in the study area is unfit for drinking without treatment. However, the majority of the samples were suitable for irrigation.

Study on the use of algal biomass in removal of dyes from Aqueous systems

Present study provides direct information regarding the potential of algal biomass in removing dyes from wastewaters and multi-component systems. Algal community growing in natural water streams of nearby area of Jaunpur district will be grown in the laboratory in different culture media such as AAP, BG 11 and CHU 10 will be employed. Different algae will be expected to show varying affinity for the different media as these media have varying compositions. Textile effluent pollution levels might fluctuate over time. Furthermore, heavy metals, which are either used or produced as by-products of various dyeing and sizing processes, are now common and persistent in textile effluents. Textile effluents were collected from industrial sites based on ease of access and availability of the industry. Effluents were collected from discharge outlets of an ETP located outside of a textile dyeing factory in this location for this investigation and were labelled as JTE (Jaunpur Textile Effluent). It should be noted that the effluents utilised in this investigation were taken from the discharge ports of an ETP located directly outside a textile dyeing factory in Jaunpur District. The findings also show that the effluents have an impact on water quality, which has the potential to cause serious ecological as well as other healthcare catastrophes in the future. The isotherm simulation revealed that the Langmuir isotherm equation, rather than the Freundlich equation, might better represent adsorption on nanoalumina. Nanoalumina may be made in a straightforward and cost-effective manner.

Study of information processing behaviour of radish growers in eastern Uttar Pradesh, India

The study was carried out in eastern uttar pradesh comprises with eighteen districts out of this Jaunpur district was selected. The majority of respondents contact to Gram Pradhan as formal source of information while maximum number of respondents contact to their family members as informal source of information and mobile was major source of information as mass media exposure. out of sixteen variables i.e., caste, education, annual income, marital status, type of family, material possession, risk orientation, scientific orientation, knowledge, awareness and adoption was found highly significant and positively correlated with information processing behaviour. Size of family and land holding is only variable were found significant but positively correlated with information processing behaviour. The variables social participation and economic motivation was discovered not significant but positively correlated with information processing behaviour and only one variable age was highly significant but negatively correlated with information processing behaviour.

SERVICE CENTRES IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT : A CASE STUDY OF JAUNPUR DISTRICT, UTTAR PRADESH

This paper attempts to deal with the identifying the service centers and calculation of the spatial arrangement with complementary area of service centres in Jaunpur district Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh. The study area is situated in Eastern Uttar Pradesh of the Middle Ganga Plain. The study is exclusively based on secondary data collected at block level from different offices. The centrality score has been calculated on the basis of three type of indices like functional centrality index, working population index and tertiary population index. There are 31 function or services selected judicially from five sectors (administrative, agricultural and financial, educational, health and transport and communication) to measure the centrality of service centre. The thissen polygon and berry breaking point method has been used for measure the complementary area. Total 88 service centres have been identified as first, second, third, fourth and fifth order service centre. The number of I, II, III, IV, and V order centres accounts for 43, 24, 16, 4, and 1 respectively.

A Study of Various Constraints Regarding Credit Utilization in Jaunpur District of Uttar Pradesh

Background: Credit is the crucial input for the economic development of the farmers as it helps in increased production through use of modern inputs. The study was carried out to examine the various constraints faced by the different groups of farmers in the Jaunpur district in regards to credit utilization.
 Aims: To study the various constraints regarding credit utilization and credit acquisition by the borrowers
 Place and Duration of Study: Jaunpur district of Uttar Pradesh, between year 2020 and 2021.
 Methodology: A total of 120 respondents were selected randomly from the Karanzakala block of Jaunpur district, Uttar Pradesh and a pre-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from the farmers. Respondents were classified into two categories and 60 respondents from borrowers and 60 from non-borrowers were selected for study purpose
 Results: It is revealed by the Garrett scores that maximum number of borrowers with 71.61 mean score reported that hectic documentation as main problem faced in acquiring the credit.
 Conclusion: From the findings of the study, it has been stated that there was a high level of constraints associated with access to credit. Highly responded constraints for bank credit were hectic documentation (71.61 mean score), repayment period not being sufficient (68.25 mean score) and Insufficient loan amount (60.25 mean score) were the major constraints. Due to having these constraints, farmers faced a lot of troubles to get credit which hindered agricultural activities, increased cost of credit, led to selling of agricultural crops at low prices.

Socioeconomic Determinants of Dietary Diversity among Rural Households in Jaunpur District of Uttar Pradesh, India

Inadequate nutritional consumption is one of the decisive factors for weak immunity, a higher probability of various diseases and infections, weak mental and physical growth, and less working capability. The present study was conducted to assess the dietary diversity pattern and its correlates in a rural setting of Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. A cross-sectional household survey was conducted during August-November 2017, among 316 households. Women from these households were interviewed to know the variety of foods consumed in the past 24 hours. Descriptive statistics and ordinal logistic regression analysis have been used to meet the objective of the study. Results portray that, about 14 percent of the households were in the category of low dietary diversity, and 58 percent were under medium dietary diversity. A higher proportion of SCs and poor households were more prone to have low dietary diversity. Landless households or less than one bigha of agricultural land and household without livestock or less number of livestock were more prone to low dietary diversity. Results of ordered logistic regression analysis confirm that caste, working status of heads, family type, socioeconomic status of the household, agricultural land, and livestock showed a significant association with the dietary diversity pattern of households. There is a necessity for the informed rural population on the importance of a diverse diet to improve nutrient consumption and to achieve food and nutrition security. National or regional level surveys will be helpful to understand the food related challenges in India.

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