Jasmine Flower Research Articles

JASMINE FLOWERS IN JAVANESE MYSTICISM

This study discusses Javanese society's awareness of jasmine flowers (jasminum sambac) which are small in shape but have full of cultural meanings and philosophies, thus becoming a symbol of life. The focus of this study is the physical form of jasmine flowers and awareness of a healthy natural environment that can build a healthy mental (soul). The purpose of this study is to explore the unique small flower of jasmine, which has long been a symbol of awareness of environmental health which is not only physical but also mental (soul). This study uses a theoretical framework of health, the natural environment and Javanese mysticism, to see the relationship between humans and their environment. This study uses a qualitative research paradigm procedure. Qualitative research procedures provide opportunities for researchers to provide interpretations of the results of their research. The results showed that, ideologically, Javanese people were indeed aware of the importance of the natural environment. The natural environment is the most important factor in human life. Through daily activities can be seen and interpreted that Javanese humans cannot escape from their natural environment. Jasmine small white flowers and it turns out to save many benefits in physical and mental health. Through the cultural roots that exist in cultural ritual activities can be seen, an effort to preserve small white flowers that have many benefits. With positive benefits can give birth to a philosophy that captures the meaning of the flower in life.

COMPARISON OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND SENSORY EVALUATION ON EDIBLE FLOWERS TEA INFUSION

France Rose Buds, Jasmine Flower, and Osmanthus Flower are three edible flowers commonly available in Malaysia market. Composition of these 3 edible flowers are not widely studied. Hence, the caffeine, total phenolic content (TPC), volatile compounds, and overall acceptability of tea infusion from France Rose Buds, Jasmine Flower, and Osmanthus Flower were compared. Tea infusion from the edible flowers was prepared by boiling it with distilled water. None solvent extraction was carried out to determine the bioactive compounds. Tea infusion of Osmanthus Flower contains the highest caffeine (4.96 ± 1.94 µg/ml), total phenolic content (4.33 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g) and overall acceptability (6.16 ± 2.05) compared to France Rose Buds and Jasmine Flower. The Jasmine Flower was found to have the highest number of volatile compounds (13) compared to France Rose Buds and Osmanthus Flower. This study indicates that the edible flowers have the potential for application as food ingredient.

Utilization of jasmine flower extract as antimicrobial in tempeh sausage

Bacterial contamination is a major problem for sausage products. Jasmine extracts that has antimicrobial compounds can extend the shelf life of tempeh sausage naturally. The purpose of this study was to tested the effectiveness of using jasmine extract as an antimicrobial agent in tempeh sausage during cold storage 4°C. This study began with preparing jasmine extracts by maceration method using waters, methanol, ethyl acetate and hexane as solvents. Bacteria used in the test were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. Diffusion disc assay was used with completely randomized design 2 factors and 4 replications. The results showed that the jasmine extracts with a concentration of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% had an effect to inhibit of the growth of the bacteria. Jasmine extract with ethyl acetate solvent was the most effective to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Concentration of jasmine extracts that can inhibit the growth of bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was 0.1% and 0.25%. Tempe sausage with the addition of jasmine extracts was tested microbiologically with total plate count, The test results showed that the addition of low concentrations extracts of jasmine on tempeh sausage could decrease the total microbial at cold storage for 5 days.

GC-MS ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS OF JASMINE FLOWER

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) the best technique to identified the compounds of essential oils by comparison of mass spectra data obtained from the sample with that taken from pure commercially available standards injected under the same conditions. To characterize the chemical constituents of Hibiscus Flower using GC-MS, the shade dried flower powder was extracted with methanol by using Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD). The GC-MS analysis provided different peaks determining the presence of ten compounds. These compounds havebiological activity namely 2-Phenylthiolane (57.31%), Cyclohexene, 3-ethenyl- (25.91%), Acetaldehyde (12.70%), N-Methylallylamine (9.99%), ropanamide (6.79%) and Phthalic acid, bis (7-methyloctyl) ester (5.21%). From the results, it can be concluded that Jasmine flower extract shows the presence of 10 phytocompounds. The presence of various bioactive compounds justifies the use of the jasmine flower for various ailments by traditional practitioners.

Effect of post-harvest treatment and storage temperature on fragrance of Jasmine (J. grandiflorum)

The postharvest experiment was conducted to maximize the shelf life of Jasminum grandiflorum without losing its fragrance using with different chemical solution in department of Crop Physiology, Tamilnadu Agricultural University during 2017 - 2018. The demand for this species for oil extraction is more compared to other species. Among the Jasmine flower production major quantity of Jasmine flowers are utilized for isolating and manufacturing Jasmine oils. The experimental design followed for this study is FCRD. The chemical solutions viz., silver nano particle (20 ppm), Boric acid (4%), sucrose (4%), NAA (100 ppm), BA (500 ppm), α-AIB (20µM) are used as anti-senescence. After chemical treatment the flower buds packed in polypropylene bags (200 gauges) and stored in ambient and cold storage condition. The observation was made periodically up to flower senescence. Among the different chemical treatment silver nano-particle (20 ppm) having the significant effect on fragrance and shelf life over control.

Analysis of bioactive compounds for Jasmine flower via Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)

The current work analyses the chemical constituents of Jasmine flower using Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The dried Jasmine flower powder was extracted by methanol via the Microwave-assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD) process. The GC-MS analysis revealed different peaks that showed the presence of ten compounds. In the current study, we have focused on the main compounds that can be used for biological activity, i.e. 2-Phenylthiolane (57.31%), Cyclohexene, 3-ethenyl- (25.91%), Acetaldehyde (12.70%), N-Methylallylamine (9.99%), Propanamide (6.79%) and Phthalic acid, bis (7-methyloctyl) ester (5.21%). The bio-compounds with methanol extract of Jasmine flower were analyzed by using GC-MS. Functional group analysis was carried out on the volatile oil obtained through MAHD by using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphologies of untreated dried powdered Jasmine flower (i.e. raw powdered jasmine flower without soaking into methanol solution prior to extraction) and pre-treated powdered Jasmine flower (soaked into methanol solution for 1 hr) were investigated through SEM analysis.

Identification of jasmine flower (Jasminum sp.) based on the shape of the flower using sobel edge and k-nearest neighbour

People often wrong in knowing the type of jasmine by just looking at the white color of the jasmine, while not all white flowers including jasmine and not all jasmine flowers have white. There is a jasmine that is yellow and there is a jasmine that is white and purple.The aim of this research is to identify Jasmine flower (Jasminum sp.) based on the shape of the flower image-based using Sobel edge detection and k-Nearest Neighbor. Edge detection is used to detect the type of flower from the flower shape. Edge detection aims to improve the appearance of the border of a digital image. While k-Nearest Neighbor method is used to classify the classification of test objects into classes that have neighbouring properties closest to the object of training. The data used in this study are three types of jasmine namely jasmine white (Jasminum sambac), jasmine gambir (Jasminum pubescens), and jasmine japan (Pseuderanthemum reticulatum). Testing of jasmine flower image resized 50 × 50 pixels, 100 × 100 pixels, 150 × 150 pixels yields an accuracy of 84%. Tests on distance values of the k-NN method with spacing 5, 10 and 15 resulted in different accuracy rates for 5 and 10 closest distances yielding the same accuracy rate of 84%, for the 15 shortest distance resulted in a small accuracy of 65.2%.

Prolonging the shelf life of jasmine (Jasminum grandiflorum) buds by chemical treatments under cold storage condition

Aim of this study is to enhance the shelf life of jasmine flower buds by application of different anti-senescence chemicals to meet out the marketing demand with improved post-harvest quality. The experimental design followed for this study is completely randomized block design with seven treatments, each replicated thrice. The harvested jasmine flowers were treated with different anti-senescence chemicals viz., Silver nanoparticle (SNP) (20ppm), Boric acid (4%), Sucrose (4%), NAA (100 ppm), BA (500 ppm), α-AIB (20µM) and packed in 200 gauge polypropylene bag without ventilation then stored in cold storage condition. Among the different anti-senescence chemical treatments silver nanoparticle (20 ppm) shows positive significant difference in freshness index, flower opening index, color retention index and maintained the shelf life up to 11 days over the control for 7 days.

Dissipation Dynamics and Risk Assessment of Thiacloprid 240 SC in Jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) Buds

Thiacloprid effectively managed budworm, Hendecasis duplifascialis Hampson and blossom midge, Contarinia maculipennis Felt infesting jasmine buds. At the recommended dose of 0.6 mL L−1 on the jasmine flower buds, the residues persisted up to 5 d, being below detectable level on the 7th d at the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.01 mg kg−1. The half-life was 1.04 d. Based on the maximum residual limit (MRL) on lettuce, herbs, and baby leaf brassica (2.0 mg kg−1), the safe waiting period for plucking the flowers for usage in concrete preparation or for production of jasmine tea was 0.40 d (∼ 10 h).

Role of Rural Women in Post-harvest Handling and Export of Jasmine Flowers

Among the loose flowers the jasmine is very important and remunerative crop. Multiuse of these flowers like used as loose flowers as well as for extraction of essential oil makes it more remunerative. The Indian J. grandiflorum compared favorably with that of Spanish jasmine, both in yield and quality of oil. The flower is in high demand in places such as Mumbai, besides the coastal region. Local traders collect jasmine flowers from the farmers directly. Jasmine begins to flower in the second year onwards or sometimes even earlier, but economic yields are obtained only from the third year. Prices are decided at the auction centre. Poor women in other cities across India can adopt jasmine cultivation as an activity to earn income and eradicate poverty. Moreover, this activity takes place early morning and the women are free to undertake other work during the day. Though the jasmine is a high capital intensive crop but its cultivation is quite profitable. The investment in jasmine is economically feasible and financially sound. Jasmine is labour-intensive crop, it provide more man days labour per year.

Optimization of Microencapsulation Composition of Menthol, Vanillin, and Benzyl Acetate inside Polyvinyl Alcohol with Coacervation Method for Application in Perfumery

One of many applications of essential oils is as fragrance in perfumery. Menthol, benzyl acetate, and vanillin, each represents olfactive characteristic of peppermint leaves, jasmine flowers, and vanilla beans, are commonly used in perfumery. These components are highly volatile, hence the fragrance components will quickly evaporate resulting in short-lasting scent and low shelf life. In this research, said components have been successfully encapsulated simultaneously inside Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) using simple coacervation method to increase its shelf life. Optimization has been done using Central Composite Diagram with 4 independent variables, i.e. composition of menthol, benzyl acetate, vanillin, and tergitol 15-S-9 (as emulsifier). Encapsulation efficiency, loading capacity, and microcapsule size have been measured. In optimized composition of menthol (13.98 %w/w), benzyl acetate (14.75 %w/w), vanillin (17.84 %w/w), and tergitol 15-S-9 (13.4 %w/w) encapsulation efficiency of 97,34% and loading capacity of 46,46% have been achieved. Mean diameter of microcapsule is 20,24 μm and within range of 2,011-36,24 μm. Final product was achieved in the form of cross linked polyvinyl alcohol with hydrogel consistency and orange to yellow in color.

Toward automatic quality detection of Jasmenum flower

Abstract In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed for the classification of flowers, such as petal deformation intra and inter class variability, and illumination and detection of their quality. Several approaches could be incorporated to extract the flower features; however the proposed algorithm highly deals with the quality detection in various aspects specific to the Jasmine flower. The proposed algorithm focuses on the color, shape and texture features, combined to identify the flower quality. In the first phase of implementation, the color features were extracted using the average color difference and color and edge directivity descriptor method. In the second phase of the implementation, the shape and texture features were extracted using Zernike moments and local binary patterns. The third phase involved the classification by using a support vector machine and random forest tree classifiers. The performance of the algorithm was verified by comparing it with the trained and existing data.

Volatiles Emitted at Different Flowering Stages of Jasminum sambac and Expression of Genes Related to α-Farnesene Biosynthesis.

Fresh jasmine flowers have been used to make jasmine teas in China, but there has been no complete information about volatile organic compound emissions in relation to flower developmental stages and no science-based knowledge about which floral stage should be used for the infusion. This study monitored volatile organic compounds emitted from living flowers of Jasminum sambac (L.) Ait. ‘Bifoliatum’ at five developmental stages and also from excised flowers. Among the compounds identified, α-farnesene, linalool, and benzyl acetate were most abundant. Since α-farnesene is synthesized through the Mevalonate pathway, four genes encoding 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGR), farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase, and terpene synthase were isolated. Their expression patterns in living flowers at the five stages and in excised flowers coincided with the emission patterns of α-farnesene. Application of lovastatin, a HMGR inhibitor, significantly reduced the expression of the genes and greatly decreased the emission of α-farnesene. The sweet scent was diminished from lovastatin-treated flowers as well. These results indicate that α-farnesene is an important compound emitted from jasmine flowers, and its emission patterns suggest that flowers at the opening stage or flower buds 8 h after excision should be used for the infusion of tea leaves.

Effects of Jasminum multiflorum leaf extract on rodent models of epilepsy, motor coordination and anxiety

Jasmine flowers and leaves are used extensively in folk medicine in different parts of the world to treat a variety of diseases. However, there are very few published reports on the neuropsychiatric effects of Jasmine extracts. Hence, the objectives of the present study were to examine the effects of an alcohol extract of Jasminum multiflorum leaves on topically-applied bicuculline (a model of acute simple partial epilepsy) and maximal electroshock (MES, a model of generalized tonic-clonic seizure) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The objectives also included an examination of the anxiolytic properties of the extract using an elevated plus maze and the effect of the extract on motor coordination using a rotarod treadmill. Phytochemical analysis of the extract showed the presence of three flavonoids and four additional compounds belonging to the steroid, terpenoid, phenol or sugar classes of compounds. The Jasmine alcohol extract, diluted with water and given orally or intraperitoneally, reduced the number of bicuculline-induced epileptiform discharges in a dose-dependent manner. The extract did not cause a significant increase in the current needed to induce hind limb extension in MES experiments. The extract significantly affected motor coordination when injected at 500mg/kg but not at 200mg/kg. At the latter dose, the extract increased open-arm entries and duration in the elevated plus maze to a level comparable to that of diazepam at 2mg/kg. We conclude that Jasmine leaf extract has a beneficial effect against an animal model of acute partial complex epilepsy, and significant anxiolytic effect at a dose that does not affect motor co-ordination.

Differential Contribution of Jasmine Floral Volatiles to the Aroma of Scented Green Tea

Tea volatiles’ generation and retention over manufacturing processes are crucial for tea quality. In this study, floral volatile adsorption and retention in green tea scented with Jasminum sambac flowers were examined over the scenting process. Out of 34 enhanced volatiles in the scented tea, β-ionone, β-linalool, indole, and methyl anthranilate were the most potent odorants with 5.1–45.2-fold higher odor activity values than the corresponding controls in the nonscented tea. Scenting efficiencies for the floral volatiles retained in the scented tea (the percentage of volatile abundance over its corresponding amount in jasmine flowers) ranged from 0.22% for α-farnesene to 75.5% for β-myrcene. Moreover, due to additional rounds of heat treatment for scented green tea manufacturing, some volatiles such as carotenoid-derived geraniol and β-ionone and lipid-derived (Z)-jasmone were heat-enhanced and others such as nonanal were heat-desorbed in the scented green tea. Our study revealed that dynamic volatile absorption and desorption collectively determined tea volatile retention and tea aroma. Our findings may have a great potential for practical improvement of tea aroma.

Fragrance Profiling of Jasminum Sambac Ait. Flowers Using Electronic Nose

The extract of Jasmine called concrete is an important floricultural export commodity of India. The major quality attribute of both jasmine and concrete is fragrance. The fragrance profile of jasmine flower has been studied using a custom built handheld e-Nose (HEN). Three species of jasmine, J. Sambac , J. Grandiflorum , and J. Auriculatum were applied to e-Nose one by one. The principal component analysis of the responses showed that distinct clusters were formed for different species. Another study was made on the mostly cultivated J. Sambac species to find out a relationship between concrete quality with various flowering stages as well as with seasonal variation. Experiments were carried out over 200 samples collected from various gardens of South India. Multivariate sensor data were computed in a single dimensional intensity value termed as fragrance index (FI). Flowering stages were classified by Industry experts in terms of bud opening indicator (BOI). HEN was trained to formulate a scale of BOI in the range of 0–2 based on the FI. Best quality of concrete is found to be obtained from jasmine flower with BOI level of 1.5. Jasmine concrete, produced at laboratory from flowers harvested at different time-of-the-day, i.e., with different BOI levels were analysed using GC-MS to check the volatile emission patterns. Results showed that concrete produced with BOI level 1.5 emitted maximum aroma generating volatiles. These observations showed that e-Nose can be a potential gadget for fragrance profiling as well as selection of best quality flowers for concrete extraction.

Tomato chlorotic spot virus Identified in Marsdenia floribunda in Florida

Marsdenia floribunda (Brongn.), also known as Madagascar jasmine, waxflower, and Hawaiian wedding flower, is a flowering plant in the milkweed family, Apocynaceae, and is native to Madagascar. Marsdenia floribunda plants with typical tospovirus symptoms were found in a Miami-Dade County nursery. Representative leaf tissue tested positive in serological testing with commercially available reagents, indicating the presence of one or more tospoviruses. RT-PCR analysis was used to confirm Tomato chlorotic spot virus (TCSV). This is the first report of TCSV infection of M. floribunda in Florida or any other location. The recent identification of TCSV in annual vinca, Hoya wayetii, and Schlumbergera truncata, together with the current report, demonstrates that the TCSV host range has expanded into ornamental crops.

Physiological characterization of Jasmine flower (Jasminum sambac) senescence during storage

The aim of this work was to identify metabolic differences and hormonal profiles in jasmine flower (Jasminum sambac) and to investigate the possibility that experimental promotion of retardation of the senescence of jasmine flower may mediated by abscisic acid (ABA) and phenolic content. Determinations of ABA and phenols were made in flower senescing under different conditions using two different packaging materials such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) of 200 gauge micron thickness with no ventilation. Pre-treatment of 4 % boric acid for jasmine flowers was selected. Abscisic acid levels in petals also increased during senescence 91.27 pmol g-1, but much less in boric acid-treated jasmine flower 34.16 pmol g-1. However, the lowest content of total phenolics was measured in buds and partially opened flowers 50.90 ?g/g but highest in fully opened 61.80 ?g/g on the fourth day of storage, respectively. It was concluded that boric acid prevented the early rise in ethylene production and considerably improved jasmine flower shelf-life.

Withering of plucked Trachelospermum jasminoides (star jasmine) flowers – Time-dependent volatile compound profile obtained with SPME/GC–MS and proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS)

In this study, the automated application of proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometry (PTR-MS), SPME/GC–MS (solid phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) and multivariate data analysis (chemometry) to the time-dependent changes of Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) patterns of Trachelospermum jasminoides (T. jasminoides) (star jasmine) flowers are studied. The withering of plucked whole T. jasminoides flowers over a thirteen day range is investigated by monitoring the change of VOC release over time since plucking. Three phases with strong differences in the quantities of VOCs between measurements were seen, with a burst of VOCs at the beginning and at the end of withering. We tentatively identify the most abundant VOCs with PTR-MS, and verify identification with SPME/GC–MS. PTR-MS allows for distinguishing (without identification) 472 peaks from withering T. jasminoides which mostly cannot be found with SPME/GC–MS. A high fragmentation of the compounds is observed. The PTR-MS data are assessed with principal component analysis and the three phases are confirmed. At the beginning, seemingly regular flower VOCs are emitted, while in the third phase of withering, alcohol emission bursts towards the end point of withering. The latter can be only detected with PTR-MS. Hence, PTR-MS and SPME/GC–MS supply complementary information. The study demonstrates the potential of applying PTR-MS together with SPME/GC–MS to time-dependent physiological living flower experiments and of T. jasminoides in particular, and suggests the possible use of PTR-MS fingerprinting for origin determination and quality assessment, and studies such as plant-plant, plant-compound (hormone), plant-animal (pollinator, herbivore) or plant-pathogen interactions.

Encapsulation of bioactive compound from extracted jasmine flower using β-Cyclodextrin via electrospray

The ability of electrospray to encapsulate the bioactive compound extracted from Jasmine flower with β-Cyclodextrion (β-CD) without any thermal-assisted processing was demonstrated in this study. The extraction of Jasmine compound were conducted using sonicator at 70 000 Hz, for 10 minutes and followed by mixing of the filtered compound with β-CD. Then, the mixture was electrosprayed under a stable Taylor cone jet mode at the voltage of 4 - 5 kV, with flow rate of 0.2 ml/hour. The aluminum substrate that used for collecting the deposit was placed at 30 cm from the needle's tip to allow the occurrence of evaporation and droplet fission until the droplet transform to solid particles. Characteristics of solidified bioactive compound from Jasmine flower (non-encapsulated compound) and solidified bioactive compound with β-CD (encapsulated compound) were studied in this work. From SEM images, it can be observed that the particles size distribution of encapsulated compound deposits have better deposition array and did not aggregate with each other compared to the non-encapsulated compound. FE-SEM images of encapsulated compound deposits indicate more solid crystal looks while non-encapsulated compound was obtained in the porous form. The electrospray process in this work has successfully encapsulated the Jasmine compound with β-CD without any thermal-assisted process. The encapsulation occurrence was determined using FTIR analysis. Identical peaks that referred to the β-CD were found on the encapsulated compound demonstrated that most deposits were encapsulated with β-CD.