Jargon Words Research Articles

MÜXTƏLİFSİSTEMLİ DİLLƏRDƏ JARQON LEKSİKASININ İŞLƏNMƏ MƏQAMLARI VƏ SEMANTİK XÜSUSİYYƏTLƏRİ

Development of the Syllables in Different Systematic Language and Their Lexical-Semantic Features Summary Jargon is a group of words that exist in almost every language. Its aim is to preserve secrecy within a certain social group.Jargonisms are usually old words with entirely new meanings, which canbe understood only by the people inside the social group (not outside it).Jargonism are social (not regional) in character, for example: the jargon of thieves and vagabonds (cant), the jargon of jazzmen, the jargon of the army (military slang), etc. Many of them have entered the Standard Vocabulare.g. kid, fun, queer, bluff, fib, humbug (formerly slang words and jargonisms are now considered common literary). Key words: jargon words, semantic, lexical, structural, argo words

JargonFM: A Framework With Multiple Interpretation Modes for Jargon Understanding in Online Communities

Jargon words are commonly used in the communication of online communities. These words are characterized by special and implicit meanings that can only be comprehended by a small group of users, which brings challenges to community regulation and user engagement. For this problem, we present JargonFM, a framework with multiple interpretation modes for jargon understanding in online communities. JargonFM is designed based on the scientific explanation framework and supports three interpretation modes: jargon category prediction based on a jargon classifier, similar word identification based on a jargon synonyms selector, and representative text selection based on an example sentence selector. A jargon interpreter was also implemented to demonstrate the usage and usefulness of the interpretation framework. Automatic and human evaluations suggest that JargonFM can explain jargon words more accurately and more efficiently than the existing interpretation methods, leading to its wide acceptance among the evaluation participants.

Par dažām vakcīnas pret Covid-19 apzīmēšanai lietotajām metaforām

The article deals with metaphors that have positive emotional connotations and those that are connotationally negative, as were used during the COVID-19 pandemic to label the vaccine against this disease and helped officials, journalists, social media users and commentators of articles on internet portals to create a positive or a negative attitude of the society towards the vaccine. The study contrasts metaphors that characterize the vaccine as something desirable, expected (saved lives, a ray of hope, etc.) or a means (tool) to achieve something desired (magic wand, magic ticket) vs. dysphemistic metaphors that describe the vaccine as a low-quality, unnecessary, dangerous thing, including gastronomic ones (instant soup, kefir, porridge, foul drink, etc.) and names of deadly things (poison, death, cancer dose, euthanasia load; poisoner, killer, etc.). The article does not discuss vaccine designations, in which the author of the article does not see any figurative, metaphorical meaning (for example, a chip, a trigger for a lurking disease) or where the meaning is not readily understood (for example, the biblical mark of the beast), although such designations with negative connotations have been used to form a negative attitude towards the vaccine. Connotationally positive metaphors describing the vaccine as something desirable that were used in an official communication to generate positive opinions have been found to have hallmarks of the solemn emotional expressive style, but metaphors that define the vaccine as a means for achieving something desirable and used in informal communication have been used with ironic emotional expression, thereby contributing to a negative treatment of the vaccine. Dysphemistic metaphors show only a negative attitude towards the vaccine, a delicately hidden or incisive jab, a typical attribute of the ironic or satirical emotionally expressive style. Such metaphors also contain informal vocabulary (colloquialisms, slang and jargon words, vulgarisms) and dialectal words with a negative connotation. This is also a feature of both the ironic and the satirical emotionally expressive styles. The Lithuanian and German examples for the groups of metaphors discussed in the article show that such metaphors are not exclusive to the Latvian language alone.

A Sociolinguistics Analysis of Jargons Used by Farmers of South Wollo in their Agricultural Activities

The purpose of this study was to find out jargons used by South Wollo farmers in their farming practices. The data were collected from seven districts of South Wollo Zone: Tenta, Mekidela, Kalu, Dessie Zuria, Kutaber, Ambasel and Tewledere. To collect the data, the researcher used open ended questionnaire and focus-group discussion. The data were collected from farmers of South Wollo, and from those people who had background on farming. Similarly, purposive sampling was used to select the study areas, and to select the participants of the study. Likewise, to interpret and analyze the data, qualitative research approach was employed. The researcher found out that farmers in South Wollo have jargon words which they use in their farming practices. These jargon words have been categorized thematically. The farmers do not use the jargon words to switch code from the outsiders, but they useit to make their communication easier. Some of the jargon terms are also used by out-groups, but they are used in differnt contexts and senses. Regarding the types of meanings, denotative, reflected, non-literal (connotative) and social meanings were identified. Finally, it is recommended that further research should be carried out in the rest of districts of Wollo, and other areas of the Amhara regions.

Spanish medical jargon: A new metric for improving patient-centered communication with Spanish-speaking patients

ObjectiveReducing medical jargon improves patient-centered communication, which is a core objective of medical Spanish courses. We aimed to develop a reliable methodology for identifying and classifying Spanish medical jargon. MethodsFourth-year medical students in a medical Spanish course recorded themselves explaining diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care during ten clinical scenarios. We developed a stepwise process for identifying and classifying Spanish medical jargon in the recording transcripts. Two reviewers scored jargon, unexplained jargon, and non-Spanish (neologisms/English) word counts. We evaluated jargon metric correlations with other course performance data. ResultsWe identified 439 Spanish jargon words and 134 non-Spanish words across 480 transcripts. Mean Spanish jargon per minute was 6.57, and 30% was classified as unexplained. Overall inter-rater reliability was excellent (interclass correlation=0.88). Students with post-course Spanish proficiency of “very good” or higher had less unexplained jargon in follow-up care transcripts (P < 0.05); other course outcomes did not correlate with jargon findings. ConclusionA Spanish medical jargon metric can be reliably used to evaluate student communication skills in a medical Spanish course. Next steps include engaging patient perspectives and exploring strategies to automate jargon analysis. Practice implicationsSpanish medical jargon adds a previously unexplored dimension to the assessment of Spanish-language patient-centered communication.

COMMUNICATION IN THE SOCIAL GROUP “SCHOOLCHILD”: THE OPPOSITION LITERARY LANGUAGE – NON-LITERARY FORMS (BASED ON THE NOVEL BY ANDRII KOKOTYUKHA “ZOO, OR CHILDREN UNDER 16”)

Using the linguistic indicator “correspondence of the lexical means of the artistic text to the literary language – non-literary forms”, the paper discloses the means of expressing the verbal-semantic level in the structure of the writer’s language and personality. The forms of colloquial language, colloquial speech (surzhyk), slang vocabulary and vulgarisms have been distinguished as examples of communication (mediated by the speech personality of the artistic work’s author) in the social group “schoolchild”. The descriptive method was used for the analysis. Correspondence to the colloquial literary language was evidenced by nouns (‘elektrychka’ – electric train), ‘zahranka’ – a trip abroad), verbs (‘vidchepytysia’ – get away, ‘dokopatysia’ – find out), adjectives (‘babskyi’ – womanly, ‘idiotskyi’ – idiotic), idioms (‘daty po shyi’ – to hit the neck, ‘mozolyty banky’ – to be an eyesore). Correspondence to non-literary forms. These are cases of the use of colloquial speech (surzhyk) – violation of lexical norms (‘vidminyatysia’ – get cancelled, ‘v pershu cherhu’ – first of all), grammatical norms (‘davai vyidemo’ – let’s go out, ‘davai hovory’ – talk now), of the orthographic norm (‘viyskomat’). Jargon words and inflections in the direct speech of schoolchild characters – nouns (‘babky’ – money, zanachka – saved money), verbs (‘valyty’ – leave, ‘zakumaryty’ – bore), adjectives (‘hnylyi’ – rotten, ‘dovbanyi’ – damned), adverbs (‘kliovo’ – cool, ‘chiki-piki’ – well), stable expressions (‘rozkataty hubu’ – want too much, ‘sto pudiv’ – definitely). Swear words and phrases in the dialogues of the characters, there are also nouns (‘mudak’ – idiot), verbs (‘zherty’ – eat too much), adjectives (‘debilnyi’ – moron), fixed expressions (‘khrin yoho znaye’ – nobody knows). School nicknames also served as a marker of communication in the social group “schoolchild”. The results of the research can be used as materials for practical classes in sociolinguistics, language culture, social onomastics, and text linguistics.

Military terms in the modern war films: translation issues

The study explores the military lexicon used in the modern war movies, such as “1917”, “Fury”, “Dunkirk”, “Hacksaw Ridge”, “Unbroken”, “Journey’s End” and “Midway”. The article examines military terms of modern-day war films as well as specialized methods of the interpretation of military lexicon into the translated language. The study discusses military terms and phrases as a key element of the movies’ and suggests its own classification of analysed material. According to their official definitions, their conceptual and semantic meaning, military lexical units are sorted out into the following lexical semantic groups: “Nominations of military way of living” (24%), “Nominations of military professional terms” (31%), “Nominations of military positions, groupings and ranks” (26%), “Military commands” (15%) and “Nominations of enemy’s army soldiers” (4%). The translation of the military lexicon used in the films, which is implemented by Ukrainian interpreting companies, requires thorough approach in the aspects of translating highly specialized vocabulary of an audiovisual product and adapting it in accordance with the context. The article reveals that 51% of the material analysed in the research is translated with the use of complete equivalents – lexical units that coexist in both languages and carry the same semantic meaning. The other part of the lexicon explored is interpreted with the help of translation transformations such as modulation (25%), adaptation (8%), generalization (3%), omission (1%), joining (2%), and transliteration (3%). Additionally, the research determines another group of cases of the language units’ specific interpretation, when jargon words and collocations are applied in the target language (7%). The study’s discussion will contribute to improvements of the further studies of lexicology and terminology of the military branch, thus defining semantic classification of the military language units, dealing with the methods of translation transformations, and selecting the most appropriate translational variations of a particular lexical unit with no accurate equivalents. The material analysed in the article can be used for translating military lexicon in the war films and military projects as well as for studying linguacultural and sociolinguistics studies.

Graph-based query reformulation system for descriptive queries of jargon words using definitions

In information retrieval, the lexical mismatch is a common problem where texts in documents and user queries have different forms even though they have the same meaning. The problem occurs more frequently when people search for jargon words because they tend to use descriptive queries and the jargon words interchangeably such as “hypertension” and “high blood pressure”. Query reformulation (QR) is one of the techniques that overcome the lexical gaps by transforming users’ descriptive queries into appropriate jargon queries. This study proposes a novel graph-based QR system that uses a dictionary, where the model does not require manually annotated data. Given a descriptive query, our system predicts the corresponding jargon word over a graph consisting of headwords and words in their definition. We use a graph neural network to represent the relational properties between words and the curriculum learning to train the networks stably and gradually adjust to hard samples. Moreover, we propose a graph search model that finds the target node in real-time using the relevance scores of neighborhood nodes. By adding this fast graph search model to the front of the proposed system, we reduce the reformulating time significantly. Experimental results on two datasets show that the proposed method can effectively reformulate descriptive queries to corresponding jargon words as well as improve retrieval performance under several search frameworks.

Jargon in Communication Pattern of Traders and Buyers at Traditional Market Karya Kasih Medan Johor.

This research aimed to discuss about the form and the function of jargon used by traders and buyers at traditional market Karya Kasih Medan Johor in communication. The data of this research were taken from utterance of traders and buyers in Traditional Market. This research used qualitative method and the sociolinguistics approach to analyzed the data. To get the result of this research requires several steps, the steps are observation the location,identifying the jargon, clssifiyng the form of jargon and function of jargon, and the last dominat form of jargon. The result of this research were found(3) Acronym, ( 2 ) Abbreviation, (16) Word, (2) Code, and (4) foreign language and the function of jargon classified 4 functions a) as a suggestion of getting acquainted or bonding (b) means of producing certain information (c) for buying and selling or transaction (d) a means to show membership of social identity. The researcher used observation sheet and interview sheet as the instrument to get the valid data. Based on the result, word form was the most frequent that occurred in their communication. The buying and selling for transaction were the most frequent that occurred among group members. The research concluded that traders and buyers used most jargon words in traditional market area.

Muni-Muni: Mood Analyzer and Screening Tests for the National Center of Mental Health using Sentiment Analysis

Purpose – In the technological era we are living in today, advancement and innovation became mainstream that almost everything we do is now easier and more efficient. Psychological welfare is a vital part of one’s life yet most often than not, it is disregarded, especially in the Philippines. Method – For this reason, this project aims to develop a web and mobile application, under the guidance of the National Center for Mental Health, that will promote mental health to the users. The system took advantage of Sentiment Analysis where the application analyzed the text input of the users and process the information using Lexicon Based Approach that produced polarity results such as Positive, Neutral, and Negative. Results – Overall, the entire system is based on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) used by behavioral specialists. To test the effectiveness of the software, the proponents surveyed 40 students and 10 behavioral field professionals. Using the PERFS model, the result showed a weighted mean of 4.61 score which was equivalent to the Excellent tier. Conclusion – The developers' client, National Center for Mental Health, was looking for tools, aids, and platforms to raise the mental health awareness of Filipinos and this Capstone Project is the solution. Recommendation – The Sentiment Analysis utilized in the system is only at the entry-level. It can only understand the direct context of the English language. A plethora of words and phrases were not properly recognized either being by Negation of Words, Sarcasm, Proverbs, Jargon Words, and Emojis among others. Research Implications – If future developers will decide to continue this project and follow the recommendations of the proponents, they can help and guide more users in improving their mental health, especially in today’s time.

ЛЮБОВЬ, СМЕРТЬ И РЕЧЬ: О ДВУХ СТИХОТВОРЕНИЯХ О. МАНДЕЛЬШТАМА И И. БРОДСКОГО

The article provides a comparative analysis of O. Mandelstam’s poem “Skillful mistress of guilty glances” and “It is not that the Muse is gathering water in the mouth…” by J. Brodsky. It proves the fact of Brodsky’s borrowing the imagery of O. Mandelstam’s poem with its over re-denotation and deliberate stylistic degradation. The analysis focuses on such concepts as “love”, “death” and “speech”, each of which, while retaining the original connotations of Mandelstam’s poem, acquires a new, reduced meaning through the use of certain lexical means (for example, colloquial and jargon words) Thus, the concept of “love” in Brodsky’s poem turns out to be an ironically reduced memory, in which the lyrical subject focuses attention not on the object of his love, but on himself, unlike in Mandelstam’s poem of address. The concept of “death” is also deflected sarcastically by Brodsky, since his subject of speech speaks already from oblivion, representing “nothing inside”. The notion of “speech”, although it has a rather negative semantics in both poems, turns out to be mute in Brodsky, characteristic of just such a lyrical subject who has already crossed the threshold of death, at which the lyrical subject of Mandelstam’s poem stops.

Psycholinguistic features not literary words

In the National Language Science today, the development of social language dialects is of particular interest. This article studies linguistic, psycholinguistic features of zhargon, argo and slag. Scientific ideas and views of some author's research in this area are analyzed. To date, the study of the characteristics of the language and speech, which is a means of communication, is important, the question of the scientific study of the national language is also relevant. The article we are talking about the need to study jargon words as a special layer of non-strained language. It addresses the psycholinguistic features of words-jargon, Argo and slang from a scientific point of view. Such words change and develop with the emergence of new words and concepts associated with the development of society. This article discusses the jargon used in Uzbek in everyday communication. It contains young generation slang words, which are the main layers of society.

How to make study documents clear and relevant: the impact of patient involvement

Background Patient and public involvement can improve study outcomes, but little data have been collected on why this might be. We investigated the impact of the Feasibility and Support to Timely Recruitment for Research (FAST-R) service, made up of trained patients and carers who review research documents at the beginning of the research pipeline. Aims To investigate the impact of the FAST-R service, and to provide researchers with guidelines to improve study documents. Method A mixed-methods design assessing changes and suggestions in documents submitted to the FAST-R service from 2011 to 2020. Quantitative measures were readability, word count, jargon words before and after review, the effects over time and if changes were implemented. We also asked eight reviewers to blindly select a pre- or post-review participant information sheet as their preferred version. Reviewers’ comments were analysed qualitatively via thematic analysis. Results After review, documents were longer and contained less jargon, but did not improve readability. Jargon and the number of suggested changes increased over time. Participant information sheets had the most suggested changes. Reviewers wanted clarity, better presentation and felt that documents lacked key information such as remuneration, risks involved and data management. Six out of eight reviewers preferred the post-review participant information sheet. FAST-R reviewers provided jargon words and phrases with alternatives for researchers to use. Conclusions Longer documents are acceptable if they are clear, with jargon explained or substituted. The highlighted barriers to true informed consent are not decreasing, although this study has suggestions for improving research document accessibility.

Buchnąć z futrówy, odpypić z ponsy – about vocabulary from the category „cheating” in student jargon from the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries

The article presents the history of the student jargon. The author describes the vocabulary used in the period: second-half the 19th century – first half the 20th century; the lexis belongs to the thematic category „cheating”. In the text the reader gets to know theses: 1) the lexis discussed is the root cause of one of the most extensive lexical-semantic categories of the student jargon in the post-partition period (after the period of the Partitions of Poland); 2) in former student language a shared store of the vocabulary exists – this group is independent of the administrative dependence of schools; 3) we notice much former vocabulary in the contemporary jargon; 4) we will notice jargon words in the general Polish in the 19th century; 7) we can see the participation of criminal jargon from the 19th century.

The linguistic features and translation specifications of the novel generation “p” by Victor Pelevin

The authors focus on the linguistic features characterising a postmodern novel on the example of the literary work Generation “P” by Victor Pelevin. Firstly, the impossibility of new style invention and the idea of the necessity of different styles combination are highlighted: stylistically marked words such as jargon words, low-colloquial lexis, poetic and archaic words, idioms, and even scientific terms all together create a unique style of the novel. Secondly, the implementation levels of the language game are considered. Two levels of language game representation are analysed: the mix of styles and the loss of figurativeness by phraseological units. The intertextual context of the novel and a common method of postmodernism known as “rewriting” are regarded in the article. A phenomenon of language game and intertextuality are analyzed based on the translation of the novel by Andrew Bromfield.

Terms and conditions apply: Critical issues for readability and jargon in mental health depression apps

BackgroundMental health services are turning to technology to ease the resource burden, but privacy policies are hard to understand potentially compromising consent for people with mental health problems. The FDA recommends a reading grade of 8. ObjectiveTo investigate and improve the accessibility and acceptability of mental health depression app privacy policies. MethodsA mixed methods study using quantitative and qualitative data to improve the accessibility of app privacy policies. Service users completed assessments and focus groups to provide information on ways to improve privacy policy accessibility, including identifying and rewording jargon. This was supplemented by comparisons of mental health depression apps with social media, music and finance apps using readability analyses and examining whether GDPR affected accessibility. ResultsService users provided a detailed framework for increasing accessibility that emphasised having critical information for consent. Quantitatively, most app privacy policies were too long and complicated for ensuring informed consent (mental health apps mean reading grade = 13.1 (SD = 2.44)). Their reading grades were no different to those for other services. Only 3 mental health apps had a grade 8 or less and 99% contained service user identified jargon. Mental health app privacy policies produced for GDPR weren't more readable and were longer. ConclusionsApps specifically aimed at people with mental health difficulties are not accessible and even those that fulfilled the FDA's recommendation for reading grade contained jargon words. Developers and designers can increase accessibility by following a few rules and should, before launching, check whether the privacy policy can be understood.

Anatomic Veterinary Usage: Discussion Around Technical Nomenclature Vs. Jargon.

This article discusses some examples of problems derived from the mix of technical jargon and anatomical veterinary words and makes recommendations regarding their use according to specific situations.

Specialized terminology reduces the number of citations of scientific papers.

Words are the building blocks of communicating science. As our understanding of the world progresses, scientific disciplines naturally enrich their specialized vocabulary (jargon). However, in the era of interdisciplinarity, the use of jargon may hinder effective communication among scientists that do not share a common scientific background. The question of how jargon limits the transmission of scientific knowledge has long been debated but rarely addressed quantitatively. We explored the relationship between the use of jargon and citations, using 21 486 articles focusing on cave research, a multidisciplinary field particularly prone to terminological specialization, and where linguistic disagreement among peers is frequent. We demonstrate a significant negative relationship between the proportion of jargon words in the title and abstract and the number of citations a paper receives. Given that these elements are the hook to readers, we urge scientists to restrict jargon to sections of the paper where its use is unavoidable.

Say What? Quantifying and Classifying Jargon Use During Inpatient Rounds

Although plain language is recognized as essential for effective communication, research reveals that medical providers regularly use jargon terminology that may be misunderstood by patients. Little is known, however, about the types and frequency of jargon used in the pediatric inpatient setting. We aimed to quantify jargon use by medical team members during inpatient family-centered rounds (FCRs) and to identify the most common categories of jargon used. One of 3 trained medical students audited FCRs on a general pediatric service once weekly for 12 weeks, recording and categorizing jargon used with a published classification framework. Jargon usage was classified by category and quantified by using descriptive statistics. Rates were calculated by patient encounter and per minute. Feedback was provided to rounding teams after each observation. During 70 observed FCR patient encounters, there were a total of 443 jargon words or phrases spoken, of which 309 (70%) were not explicitly defined to the patient or family by the health care provider team. The mean number of undefined jargon words or phrases used per patient was 4.3 (±1.7), with a mean of 0.4 (±0.1) uses of undefined jargon per minute. The most common categories of undefined jargon used include technical terminology (eg, bronchiolitis), medical vernacular (eg, cultures), and abbreviations and acronyms (eg, NPO for "nothing by mouth") at 34%, 30%, and 17%, respectively. Undefined medical jargon was used frequently by health care providers during pediatric FCRs. We found it was feasible to measure provider jargon use and to use a jargon classification scheme to provide real-time, concrete feedback.

Identifying and classifying medical jargon through analysis of recorded standardized patient encounters

IntroductionLearning effective communication, particularly jargon avoidance, is important for medical training. Standardized methods exist to identify jargon but there is room to further refine those methods to define medical jargon and expand categorization. This project aims to classify jargon words as having a plain language alternative or not, to both standardize the definition of jargon and as a foundation for teaching jargon avoidance. MethodsWe analyzed 123 transcribed encounters between standardized patients and medical students to quantify and categorize medical jargon using a stepwise process based on published literature. This process eliminated common words (based on New Dale-Chall list) without distinct medical meaning. Uncommon words and words with distinct medical meanings found in Stedman’s Medical Dictionary were considered jargon. Jargon words were cross-referenced with the Plain Language Thesaurus to identify plain language alternatives. ResultsThis process identified 310 jargon words, 102 with plain language alternative from the 123 encounters. ConclusionWe objectively classified jargon into distinct categories with a novel focus on jargon words with and without plain language alternatives. Practice implicationsThis objective classification system serves as an important step in gaining a comprehensive understanding of jargon use which is essential to improving and teaching communication skills.