Wartime Japan Research Articles

Dissent from Within: Hasegawa Nyozekan, Liberal Critic of Fascism

H ATANAKA SHIGEO +$4, the editor of Chuio Koron 41X& forced to resign in 1943, reminisced recently about wartime Japanese intellectual dissent. Referring to the activities of his fellow liberals, he noted, 'Just to look at the titles now is embarrassing, they sound so right-wing . . . [but] our readers during the war were far more progressive than we were. They understood even without our saying it. If we just suggested something, they grasped our liberal intentions.'l The kamikaze pilots bear sufficient testimony to Japanese courage and selfsacrifice in wartime, yet there were no kamikaze dissenters. Liberal intellectual dissent in wartime Japan, to the extent that it existed, had virtually no effect on government or military policy, and little on the general public. Certainly the war ended no sooner, or less disastrously, as a result of the efforts of the small group of liberal intellectual dissenters.2 The oppositional writings of these men, often disguised in the rhetoric of ultra-nationalism, and presented so subtly as to be indecipherable to all but a group of sympathizers, were ineffective as instruments of dissent. Yet dissent must have been personally meaningful to Hatanaka Shigeo and others who engaged in it. Those who wrote even veiled messages of dissent may at least have been preserving their own consciences. Facing the consequences of open public dissent-loss of livelihood, arrest, imprisonment, torture, mobilization to the front, and murder3-the safest course for dissenters clearly

「落書き」資料の想像力

The aim of this paper is to elucidate a pragmatic use of imagination, focusing on that of the political police to detect latent complaint in wartime Japan. Public scribblings, collected and recorded by the police, provide a good instantiation. During the war (1931-45), they took care of them as anti-establishment political thought, and collected them in the Tokko Geppo, a monthly secret report about the social movements. At the same time, they treated them as the representation of latent complaint in the society, having nothing to do with the Left. Therefore, these documents had two aspects: 1) thought control and its crackdown, 2) research about the society the police were sworn to protect. To attain both goals, the police developed their imagination based on the memory of city riot in the Taisho era. From fragmentary graffiti, they imagined the disturbances which might grow up into riot behind the calm society under their powerful control. These compilations are the vestige of police's method to comprehend their contemporary society.

Internal Security in Wartime Japan (1937-45) and the Creation of Internal Insecurity

The wartime period in Japan has been called the "Dark Valley." It is an apt description. The wartime was one of the most tragic periods in Japanese history and it remains shrouded in mystery because of the difficulty in conducting research on it. A lot of documents and correspondence which might have revealed much about conditions at the time were destroyed during the course of war. Scholars have nevertheless demonstrated that fears of a growing Communist threat were pervasive among Japan’s wartime elite of social, political and financial notables and that these fears did inspire some key figures to launch a movement to terminate the war in order to avert a possible revolution. This paper contributes to studies of the wartime "Red Scare" by examining how the internal security system itself contributed to such anxieties. It is apparent that the system was plagued by serious problems and was unable to withstand the pressures for greater vigilance caused by the war. The wartime expansion of personnel and organizations, which resulted in greater competition among organizations and the induction of less competent officers, made the internal security system even more unwieldy than it had been to start with. Efforts, moreover, against subversives did not contribute to a greater sense of internal security but proved to be seriously counterproductive. Internal security organizations such as the civil police, who were so determined to eliminate any antiwar and antigovernment movements, intentionally or unintentionally invented conspiracies and ultimately helped to promote an argument to end the war. In the end, those who advocated peace and an end to military rule, pointing to the supposedly large number of Communists who were successfully turning the people against the government, could argue that the war was hurtling the nation toward revolution.

Increased risk of Helicobacter pylori associated with birth in wartime and post-war Japan.

Helicobacter pylori infection is now widely recognized as a cause of stomach cancer. We assessed trends in H. pylori infection in Japan, a population with high rates of gastric malignancy. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we tested sera collected between 1980 and 1993 from Tokyo University Hospital patients for anti-H. pylori IgG. Patients ranged in age from 0 to 94 years. Helicobacter pylori prevalence was then assessed for age and/or birth cohort effects. Of 1207 sera, 470 (38.9%) were positive for H. pylori IgG. By univariate analysis, both older age and birth in an earlier decade were associated with an increased risk of infection. Age-specific prevalence of H. pylori by birth cohort suggested increases in infection during the decades from 1900 to 1959, and age-specific decreases since 1960. In multivariate analysis, H. pylori infection increased with age and was most prevalent among those born in the 1940s and 1950s. Relative to other birth cohorts, people born in the 1940s and 1950s have a higher prevalence of H. pylori. This increased prevalence of infection among those born in wartime Japan likely attests to the impact of compromised living conditions on acquisition of H. pylori, and may portend continued high rates of gastric cancer in forthcoming years.

Birth control and the population problem in prewar and wartime Japan

Birth control and the population problem in prewar and wartime Japan

A policy calculated to benefit China: the United States and the China arms embargo, 1919-1929

Preface Introduction Japan's Wartime Gains in China Japan's Apogee in China The Ban on Loans to China The China Arms Embargo Challenges to the China Arms Embargo The Success of the China Arms Embargo Britain Defends the Embargo Unsuccessful Attempts to Strengthen the Embargo The Soviet Threat and the Cancellation of the China Arms Embargo Conclusion Bibliography Index

Thai-Japan Monetary Relations at the Start of the Pacific War

In the wake of their rapid advance into Southeast Asia after 8 December 1941, the Japanese began to implement a new monetary policy in the region to replace the long-established Western financial order that was being swept away. The purpose of this article is to discuss aspects of this monetary policy, in particular how it was carried out in regards to Thailand during the first year of the war, the period during which Thai–Japan wartime relations became established. In the wake of their rapid advance into Southeast Asia after 8 December 1941, the Japanese began to implement a new monetary policy in the region to replace the long-established Western financial order that was being swept away. The purpose of this article is to discuss aspects of this monetary policy, in particular how it was carried out in regards to Thailand during the first year of the war, the period during which Thai-Japan wartime relations became established. With the outbreak of war the most urgent need of the Japanese in their relations with Thailand was to convert that country into a suitable rear area for their campaign in Malaya and for the one upcoming against Burma. To this end the Japanese and Thai governments signedon 8 December an agreement permitting Japanese forces to pass through Thai territory to attack Malaya; but equally important the agreement also stipulated that Thailand would afford the Japanese forces all necessary convenience for their passage through Thailand. This stipulation was the key that opened the way for the Japanese to pursue their plans towards Thailand. By passage, of course, the Japanese did not simply mean the travel of their army through Thai territory to attack Malaya and later Burma (although superficially this is what was implied).

An Intellectual History of Wartime Japan, 1931–1945. By Shunsuke Tsurumi. London: KPI Limited, 1986. viii, 136 pp. $39.95. (Distributed in the United States by Methuen, Inc.)A Cultural History of Postwar Japan, 1945–1980. By Shunsuke Tsurumi. London: KPI Limited, 1987. xii, 174 pp. (Distributed in the United States by Methuen, Inc.)

An Intellectual History of Wartime Japan, 1931–1945. By Shunsuke Tsurumi. London: KPI Limited, 1986. viii, 136 pp. $39.95. (Distributed in the United States by Methuen, Inc.) - A Cultural History of Postwar Japan, 1945–1980. By Shunsuke Tsurumi. London: KPI Limited, 1987. xii, 174 pp. (Distributed in the United States by Methuen, Inc.) - Volume 47 Issue 3

An Intellectual History of Wartime Japan, 1931–1945. By Shunsuke Tsurumi. London: KPI Limited, 1986. viii, 136 pp. $39.95. (Distributed in the United States by Methuen, Inc.) - A Cultural History of Postwar Japan, 1945–1980. By Shunsuke Tsurumi. London: KPI Limited, 1987. xii, 174 pp. (Distributed in the United States by Methuen, Inc.)

An Intellectual History of Wartime Japan, 1931–1945. By Shunsuke Tsurumi. London: KPI Limited, 1986. viii, 136 pp. $39.95. (Distributed in the United States by Methuen, Inc.) - A Cultural History of Postwar Japan, 1945–1980. By Shunsuke Tsurumi. London: KPI Limited, 1987. xii, 174 pp. (Distributed in the United States by Methuen, Inc.) - Volume 47 Issue 3

<sc>shunsuke tsurumi</sc>. <italic>An Intellectual History of Wartime Japan, 1931–1945</italic>. (Japanese Studies.) New York: KPI. 1986. Pp. viii, 136. $39.95

Journal Article shunsuke tsurumi. An Intellectual History of Wartime Japan, 1931–1945. (Japanese Studies.) New York: KPI. 1986. Pp. viii, 136. $39.95 Get access Tsurumi Shunsuke. An Intellectual History of Wartime Japan, 1931–1945. (Japanese Studies.) New York: KPI. 1986. Pp. viii, 136. $39.95. Ben-Ami Shillony Ben-Ami Shillony Hebrew University of Jerusalem Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 93, Issue 1, February 1988, Pages 210–211, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/93.1.210-a Published: 01 February 1988

An intellectual history of wartime Japan 1931–1945. By Shunsuke Tsurumi. (Japanese Studies Series.) pp. viii, 136. London etc., KPI, 1986. (First published in Japanese in 1982 by Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo.) £20.00.

An intellectual history of wartime Japan 1931–1945. By Shunsuke Tsurumi. (Japanese Studies Series.) pp. viii, 136. London etc., KPI, 1986. (First published in Japanese in 1982 by Iwanami Shoten, Tokyo.) £20.00.

Universities and Students in Wartime Japan

Japan possessed a sophisticated network of institutions of higher education before World War II. There was repression on the campuses of colleges and universities, but it was less severe than that in the totalitarian countries of the time. The war placed great demands on higher education and forced it to change. New universities, colleges, and research institutes were established; more students were enrolled; and more women entered colleges. The war also spurred a great shift toward science and technology, which was to be instrumental in Japan's economic recovery in the postwar era.Mobilization for military duty or for work made the students feel that they were responsible for the fate of their country. However, their youthful outburst of patriotism came to an end with Japan's defeat. Feelings of betrayal and disillusionment nurtured the extreme patriotism and militancy of the postwar student movement.

Socialized Medicine in Japan: Essays, Papers and Addresses

Author Taro Takemi is one of the most remarkable physicians of this or any other century. Consider these factors: 1. Fundamentally educated as a physician, he functioned as a research scientist in prewar and wartime Japan. 2. Selected by Emperor Hirohito, he visited Hiroshima within 24 hours after the atomic bomb blast on Aug 6, 1945, to investigate the circumstances. Because of his advice to the Emperor, Japan's involvement in the Second World War was ended. 3. After the war, when research in Japan was abolished by the unconditional surrender and subsequent occupation, he became a practicing physician/internist. 4. He served as personal physician to six postwar prime ministers of Japan. 5. He served as President of the Japan Medical Association for 25 consecutive years, retiring in 1982. 6. Now 78 years old, Dr Takemi will be a visiting professor at the Harvard School of Public Health beginning in May

Politics and Culture in Wartime Japan

The Pacific War was the most traumatic experience for Japan in modern times. This book examines the politics and culture of Japan during this period: the establishment of the wartime regime, its character and limitations; the actions and reactions of the emperor, the bureaucrats, and the politicians; the deposing of the Prime Minister in the middle of the war; political developments under his successors; the role of the press; the behaviour of intellectuals; and prevailing attitudes towards the West. Ben-Ami Shillony argues that the wartime regime of Japan, repressive as it was, was very different from contemporary totalitarian states. The political values of the Japanese were part of a wider cultural milieu, in which traditional concepts had already been affected by contact with Western civilization.

Politics and Culture in Wartime Japan

Politics and Culture in Wartime Japan

From Bataan to Tokyo: Diary of a Filipino Student in Wartime Japan 1943–1944. By Leocadio De Asis. Edited with an introduction by Grant K. Goodman. The University of Kansas: Center for East Asian Studies, 1979. Pp. xx, 231. Preface, Illustrations, Introduction, Foreword, Appendix. Index. Paperback.

From Bataan to Tokyo: Diary of a Filipino Student in Wartime Japan 1943–1944. By Leocadio De Asis. Edited with an introduction by Grant K. Goodman. The University of Kansas: Center for East Asian Studies, 1979. Pp. xx, 231. Preface, Illustrations, Introduction, Foreword, Appendix. Index. Paperback. - Volume 13 Issue 1

Politics and Culture in Wartime Japan.

Politics and Culture in Wartime Japan.

Politics and Culture in Wartime Japan.

Politics and Culture in Wartime Japan.

Edward J. Drea. <italic>The 1942 Japanese General Election: Political Mobilization in Wartime Japan</italic>. (International Studies, East Asian Series Research Publication, number 11.) Lawrence: Center for East Asian Studies, University of Kansas; distributed by Paragon Book Gallery, New York. 1979. Pp. 223. $8.00

Edward J. Drea. <italic>The 1942 Japanese General Election: Political Mobilization in Wartime Japan</italic>. (International Studies, East Asian Series Research Publication, number 11.) Lawrence: Center for East Asian Studies, University of Kansas; distributed by Paragon Book Gallery, New York. 1979. Pp. 223. $8.00

The 1942 Japanese General Election: Political Mobilization in Wartime Japan

The 1942 Japanese General Election: Political Mobilization in Wartime Japan