Japanese Milk Research Articles

Evaluating Japanese Milk and Export Promotion Strategies in Hong Kong: An Analysis based on Consumer Survey

Evaluating Japanese Milk and Export Promotion Strategies in Hong Kong: An Analysis based on Consumer Survey

Semi-quantitative study to evaluate the performance of a HACCP-based food safety management system in Japanese milk processing plants

This study aimed to gain an insight in the performance of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)-based food safety management systems (FSMS) implemented in Japanese milk processing plants. Since 1995, Japan has a comprehensive approval system for food manufacturing establishments by evaluating the development and implementation of GHP and HACCP by the food manufacturing companies/operators. An FSMS-diagnostic instrument was applied to assess the level of the core control and assurance activities in the FSMS and to judge the risk level of the context wherein the companies operate. The data were collected in 13 dairy companies (mostly located around Tokyo area) and involved in-depth interviews performed (by the National Institute of Public Health) with responsible quality assurance persons of respective companies.The results revealed that the microbial food safety output was higher for companies with national HACCP approval. They have more advanced FSMS in combination with a less risky context. All Japanese companies scored high on technology-dependent activities (i.e. preventive measures and intervention processes), but less in managerial activities as monitoring and typical quality assurance activities as validation and verification of the FSMS. Japan has a detailed vertical legislation, leading to a “hazard-based” and ”legislation-based” FSMS compared to a “science- or risk-based” FSMS common in Europe.

Lightning strikes twice: Lessons learned from two food poisoning incidents in Japan

This case study examines the unique occurrence of two food contamination crises at Snow Brand Milk Products Co., Ltd., the top company in the Japanese milk product industry. The separate incidents of food poisoning occurred in 1955 and 2000; the latter incident, involving more than 10,000 victims, was the worst case of food poisoning in Japanese history. The company handled the two separate food poisoning incidents in surprisingly different ways. How could a company that “got it right” the first time totally mishandle the second incident? This case examines crisis management and corporate reputation as well as unique cultural factors. The study uses secondary research to illustrate a number of key structural and communications problems that brought about the crisis and examines the aftermath and recovery for Snow Brand Milk Products.

Human milk fatty acid composition from nine countries varies most in DHA

Many published studies of breast milk FA composition are limited to populations from one or two countries. We aimed to examine the degree to which FA compositions vary across a number of diverse populations. Because diet and maternal adipose stores influence breast milk FA composition, differences in FA composition between groups most likely reflect habitual dietary differences. Approximately 50 breast milk samples (full breast expression) were collected from women in Australia, Canada, Chile, China, Japan, Mexico, Philippines, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The proportion of saturated FA was relatively constant among countries, with the exception of the Philippines, where levels of lauric and myristic acids were elevated (means greater than two times the mean of most other countries). Monounsaturated FA also varied little, with the exception of low levels of oleic acid in the Philippines and high levels of erucic acid in China. Although arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6) levels were similar among all countries (means ranging from 0.36 wt % to 0.49 wt %), mean DHA (C22:6n-3) levels ranged from 0.17 to 0.99 wt %, with the highest levels in Japanese milk and the lowest levels in Canadian and U.S. samples. The results of this study demonstrate that the proportion of saturated and monounsaturated FA are relatively constant across a large number of countries, whereas the level of some of the PUFA, especially DHA, are highly variable.

Dairy food consumption, supply, and policy in Japan

We investigate Japanese dairy markets. We first provide an overview of consumer demand and how it evolved after World War II. Using historical data and econometric estimates of Japanese dairy demand, we identify economic, cultural and demographic forces that have been shaping consumption patterns. Then we summarize the characteristics of Japanese milk production and dairy processing and policies affecting them. We then describe the import regime and trade flows in dairy products. The paper concludes with policy recommendations of how to reform the Japanese dairy sector.

Contribution of milk to daily intakes of iodine and bromine in northwestern Ukraine

The concentration of stable iodine and bromine in Ukrainian milk has been determined in relation to the effect of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. The geometric mean of iodine and bromine concentration was 31.0mg/kg and 2.57 mg/kg, respectively. Compared with Japanese milk, it was statistically lower. Bromine concentrations in Ukrainian and Japanese milk were not significantly different. Contribution of milk to daily intake of iodine and bromine in Ukrainian adults has been estimated to 88% and 94%.

The Degree of Vertical and Horizontal Competition Among Dairy Cooperatives,Precessors and Retailers in Japanese Milk Markets

In this paper, we present a conceptual bilateral oligopoly model for measuring the degree of power balance or the comparative degree of market power between sellers and buyers in Japan's fluid milk market. The model also simultaneously measures the degrees of horizontal competition among sellers, as well as horizontal competition among buyers. We estimate the model based on available data and several simplifying assumptions, in order to illustrate how the model could be tested. The results presented here are tentative due mainly to data constraints, but they constitute the first econometric evidence supporting the general perception that retailers, though they face nearly perfect horizontal competition among each other, have extremely dominant vertical market power over fluid milk processors. Also, the results constitute the first econometric evidence that processors may have some vertical market power over dairy coo peratives.

An Application of Single-Product "Dual-Structure" Spatial Imperfect Competition Equilibrium Model to the Japanese Milk Market

An Application of Single-Product "Dual-Structure" Spatial Imperfect Competition Equilibrium Model to the Japanese Milk Market

A Conjectural Variations Model of Reduced Japanese Milk Price Supports

AbstractConjectural variations are estimated to determine the degree of imperfection in the Japanese milk market. Estimated conjectural variations indicate that the Japanese milk market is imperfectly competitive but is becoming more competitive. Our comparative static analysis indicates that when the milk support price is reduced, the fluid milk price will decline less under the current imperfectly competitive structure than it would under a competitive structure.

乳業における膜利用

During the last fifteen years, membrane technology in the world dairy industry has been developed so much that 100, 000m2 area of UF membrane is used nowadays.The main reason of this development is due to the worldwide whey problem. Also, UF cheese production by the MMV method has been successfully industrialized.In this paper the membrane technology was birds-eye-viewed in a chart and its structure was diagrammed. According to this diagram UF and RO were reviewed. And a Japanese milk products company's whey problem and involvement in membrane technology were briefly intro-duced.

Copper Deficiency in a Japanese Infant on Milk Formula

Summary Copper deficiency in human is uncommon. We described a 7-month-old Japanese infant who developed copper deficiency while being fed milk formula alone, and exhibited neutropenia, sideroblastic anemia and bone changes resembling scurvy and osteoporosis. We treated her with oral copper solution. Within 7 days of treatment, neutrophils and reticulocyte counts remarkably increased. Anemia was corrected by 2 weeks after initiation of copper therapy. Bone radiography showed remarkable improvement, and the maturation arrest and cytoplasmic vacuoles in the early myeloid and erythroid series on the bone marrow examination had disappeared after copper therapy. The plasma and erythrocyte copper concentrations, and serum ceruloplasmin levels returned rapidly to normal range. The patient has been doing well after discontinuing copper supplements. Although there has been no report of copper deficiency in Japanese infants nourished with milk formula alone, marginal copper deficiency, which escapes clinical recognition and is spontaneously cured when solid foods are added, may not be so uncommon in Japan. The recommended daily intake of copper cannot be achieved, if a Japanese infant, especially a premature baby, is nourished with milk formula alone. Therefore, Japanese milk formula must be !supplemented with copper.

フルオロメーターによる乳製品のビタミンB<sub>2</sub>定量について

Fluorometric determination of riboflavin in milk products by electronic photofluorometer was studied. The conditions for photolysis.of riboflavin in milk products were examined(Table 1_??_7), and both from quantities of riboflavin added to deproteinized solution of milk products and from readings measured after photolysis, regression line was obtained by the application of methods of least squares (Table 8). Obtained regression coefficients in different kinds of milk products were shown in Table 9. Mean regression coefficient and estimated error with 5% of significant level obtained from measured samples of 188 were found to be 171.800 and 3.59. So the relation between reading in photofluorometer _??_ and content of riboflavin Y was shown by the next equation. _??_=Y/171.800=0.582072Y From the results of experiments, our method of determination of riboflavin in milk products by electronic photofluorometer is presented in this paper, and it was found to be well available for its determination. Contents of riboflavin in some Japanese milk products were also determined (Table 10).