Japanese Government-General Of Korea Research Articles

Death and Survival of Patients with Hansen's Disease in Colonial Korea.

The purpose of this research is to describe how Hansen's disease patients experienced the modern system of control of Hansen's disease introduced by Japan, and the inimical attitude of society against them in colonial Korea. The study also seeks to reveal the development of the system to eliminate Hansen's disease patients from their home and community to larger society and leprosarium in this era. Sorokdo Charity hospital (SCH), a hospital for Hansen's disease patients, was built in 1916, and vagrant Hansen's disease patients began to be isolated in this hospital beginning in 1917 by the Japanese Government-General of Korea (JGGK). Once the police detained and sent vagrant Hansen's disease patients to SCH, stigma and discrimination against them strengthened in Korean society. Because of strong stigma and discrimination in Korean society, Hansen's disease patients suffered from daily threats of death. First, their family members were not only afraid of the contagiousness of Hansen's disease but also the stigma and discrimination against themselves by community members. If a family had a Hansen's disease patient, the rest of community members would discriminate against the entire family. Furthermore, because Hansen's disease patients were excluded from any economic livelihood such as getting a job, the existence of the patients was a big burden for their families. Therefore, many patients left their homes and began their vagrancy. The patients who could not leave their homes committed suicide or were killed by their family members. The victims of such deaths were usually women, who were at the lower position in the family hierarchy. In the strong Confucian society in Korea, more female patients were killed by themselves than male patients. Moreover, all of patients victims in the murder were women. This shows that the stigma and discrimination against Hansen's disease patients within their families were stronger against women than men. Strong stigma and discrimination made the patients rely on superstition such as cannibalism. Patients believed that there were not any effective medicine. There were a few reports of patients who were cured, and many were treated with chaulmoogra oil in the modern Hansen's disease hospitals. Eating human flesh was known as a folk remedy for Hansen's disease. As such, patients began to kill healthy people, usually children, to eat their flesh. Increased stigma led to increased victims. Hansen's disease patients who left their homes faced many threats during their vagrancy. For survival, they established their own organizations in the late 1920's. The patients who were rejected to be hospitalized in the Western Hansen's disease hospital at Busan, Daegu, and Yeosu organized self-help organizations. The purpose of these organizations was first to secure the medicine supply of chaulmoogra oil. However, as stigma and discrimination strengthened, these organizations formed by Hansen's disease patients demanded the Japanese Government-General of Korea to send and segregate them on Sorok island. They did not know the situation of the inside of this island because news media described it as a haven for patients, and very few patients were discharged from this island to tell the truth. On this island, several hundreds of patients were killed by compulsory heavy labor, starvation, and violence. They were not treated as patients, but as something to be eliminated. Under strong suppression on this island, the patients resisted first by escaping this island. However, in 1937, some patients tried to kill a Korean staff but failed. Attempted murderers were all put in the jail, also located on this island. In 1941, a patient murdered another patient who had harassed other patients, and in 1942, Chunsang Lee, a patient, killed the director of Sorok island. These instances show that there was a system to eliminate Hansen's disease patients in colonial Korea.

전시동원체제기 조선총독부의 사법보호정책 - 朝鮮司法保護協會의 조직과 활동을 중심으로 -

조선을 강점한 일제는 법령을 통해 식민지정책에 반하는 조선인을 犯罪人으로 규정짓고 구금하였다. 하지만 이들의 인신을 한시적으로 구속하고 처벌하는 것만으로는 한계가 있었다. 식민지기 내내 범죄인들의 계속되는 증가로 인하여 사법과 행형체계의 인력과 시설은 항상 부족했기 때문이었다. 이에 범죄인 관리와 범죄 방지를 위한 보다 근본적인 방책이 요구되었고, 조선총독부는 사후관리책으로서 ‘범죄인에 대한 보호’를 실시하였다. 범죄인에 대한 보호는 1910∼1920년대에는 면수보호라고 불렸으며, 자선적·시혜적·사회사업적 성격을 내포하고 있었다. 이 시기에는 각지에 산재해 있던 면수보호단체들이 중심이 되어 보호업무를 담당하였으며, 조선총독부로부터 일정정도의 재정적 지원을 받았던 반민반관의 사업이었다. 이후 1930년대에는 면수보호의 형사정책적·관변적 성격이 강조되면서, 그 명칭은 사법보호로 대체되기 시작하였다. 이 시기에는 기존의 사법보호단체들의 연락과 통제를 도모하기 위한 움직임이 일기 시작하였으며, 이에 따라 1934년 4월에 과도기적 기관으로 朝鮮司法保護事業硏究會가 조직되었다. 그리고 곧 일제가 전시동원체제로 전환함에 따라, 총후 치안의 유지와 인적 자원의 확보라는 측면에서 사법보호의 역할은 중시되기 시작하였다. 그 결과 사법보호는 “국가적 정책”의 일환으로써 인식되었으며, 제도적으로 시행되기에 이르렀다. 이 과정에서 연구회는 1941년 9월에 朝鮮司法保護協會로 발전적으로 해체하였다. 이에 본고에서는 朝鮮司法保護協會의 설립배경과 조직과정, 그리고 그 실질적인 활동내용을 분석함으로써, 전시동원체제기 사법보호의 목적과 그 식민지적 성격을 검토해 보고자 하였다. 또한 본고는 기존의 연구가 형사정책적인 관점에서는 사법보호의 대상을 사상범에만 한정하고, 사회사업적 관점에서는 사법보호의 성격을 범죄인에 대한 구제사업의 일환으로만 인식하고 있었던 것에서 탈피하고자 하였다. 이러한 인식 하에 사법보호가 일반범, 사상범, 소년범 등 모든 범죄인들을 대상으로 상정하고 있었으며, 형사정책에 입각한 식민지 통제정책의 일환이었다는 사실을 협회를 통해서 밝히고자 하였다. 본고의 이러한 노력은 조선사법보호협회를 통해서 식민지조선에서 실시된 사법보호의 실상을 파악하고, 일제의 범죄인 관리를 보다 구체적으로 확인하는 데 기여할 것으로 여겨진다.

1930년대 조선총독부의 조선농지령 입안과 일본정부의 심의 · 의결과정

1930년대 조선총독부의 조선농지령 입안과 일본정부의 심의 · 의결과정

근대 자산으로서 길에서 보는 경관의 유형적 특성과 경관 보전 방안에 관한 연구† - 영도구를 사례로 -

This study examined the value of the old roads and roadscapes as modern assets. Topographic maps of the two years (1916 and 1919, which were produced by the Japanese Government-General of Korea) and the digital topographic map produced in 2017, were analyzed. The total amount of roads that have survived for the past 100 years are located in 108 places and total 26.32km. After examining the remnants of the roads in YeongDo, the type of scenery experienced along the roads were classified into nine kinds. The place where a sequential scenery experience takes place due to the survival of the past, the experience is based on the transition of historical scenery, not the scenery of the present time. A new model that can preserve, manage and plan this scenery is required. Therefore, we propose a new landscape model that elevates the concept of gaze from a spatial concept to a spatiotemporal concept. Based on this model, we propose a conservation criterion of the landscape viewed on the road as a viewpoint. As a modern asset for the next 100 years of YeongDo, it is necessary to understand and preserve the meaning of the landscape and roadside scenery as a transit landscape network. The remnant of roads from 100 years ago suggests that the scenery on the road was has been maintained, and it is the historical landscape of the YeongDo area. Through the landscape conservation plan proposed in this study, it is expected that the historical roads and their landscape will be positioned as a modern asset and an aspect of local heritage, and the future conservation and management of the roads and roadscapes will continue.

1920년대 조선총독부의 농업정책

1920년대 조선총독부의 농업정책

‘아시아-태평양전쟁기’(1941∼1945) 조선총독부의 이자소득세 정책과 고소득층의 대응

‘아시아-태평양전쟁기’(1941∼1945) 조선총독부의 이자소득세 정책과 고소득층의 대응

근대 신화의 역설 : 고산자 김정호와 대동여지도의 경우

Daedongyeojido is Korea’s treasured cultural heritage from the 19th century, representing the map making technology and the level of geographical studies of the times. Kim, Jung-ho, the mastermind behind the map, was an outstanding map maker. However, the legend that he surveyed the entire country by foot, that he climbed Mountain Baekdoo three times and that he lost his life because Heungsundaewongoon (father of King Kojong and the most powerful political figure at the time) did not like Kim Jung-ho, is all just a groundless myth. This paper investigates how this myth is created, expanded and continuously reproduced even to this day. This myth surrounding Kim was first initiated by Choi, Nam-sun, and was further developed into a plausible story by Shin, Young-chul and Choi, Jin-soon in an article in the monthly magazine. Choi N.S. portrayed Kim as a figure comparable to and even better than Japan’s Ino Tadataka. Shin and Choi J.S. added further features to the story. In this process, inaccurate information, exaggerations and out-right lies were added to the story, creating a ‘heroic tale’of Kim as a legendry figure. Daedongyeojido was denied of its actual value as a cultural heritage, and instead, used as a mere tool in the making of the myth of Kim as a ‘hero’. In his myth, Josoen is portrayed as a land of savage and unknown, and Kim is depicted as an explorer wondering around his country. This narrative results in the nationalistic myth paradoxically serving as self-denial. The story is ultimately introduced in the textbooks made by the Japanese Government-General of Korea. Becoming a textbook material, Kim’s story came to be known and accepted as common sense and even in the years that followed, Kim remained a national science hero, depicted as an eager, determined figure that epitomized the strong-willed Koreans. Kim’s myth is a clear example of how a made-up history with a specific purpose in mind can easily be transformed into an ideological tool to be used by those in power.

Revealed from the History Textbook of Japanese Government General of Korea (First Joseon Educational Ordinance)－Focused on Ancient Times Part－

Revealed from the History Textbook of Japanese Government General of Korea (First Joseon Educational Ordinance)－Focused on Ancient Times Part－

A Study on the Almanacs Published by the Japanese Government-General of Korea during Showa Reign - Focusing on the Strategy of Colonial Rules and the Daily Living Control System -

A Study on the Almanacs Published by the Japanese Government-General of Korea during Showa Reign - Focusing on the Strategy of Colonial Rules and the Daily Living Control System -

An Analysis of Articles on the Korean Peninsula Revealed from the History Textbook of Japanese Government General of Korea (First Joseon Educational Ordinance) －Focused on Ancient Times Part－

An Analysis of Articles on the Korean Peninsula Revealed from the History Textbook of Japanese Government General of Korea (First Joseon Educational Ordinance) －Focused on Ancient Times Part－

The Japanese Government-General of Korea: A Hermeneutic Understanding of the Effects of Historic Preservation from a Western Perspective

This paper investigates the characteristics of preservation of Korean modern architecture through Western historic preservation theories and philosophies. This research focuses on the Japanese Government-General of Korea (1926–1995) which was built in 1926 and used as the chief administrative building in Seoul (Keijo in Japanese) during the Japanese colonial period (1910-1945). After Korea was liberated from Japanese rule in 1945, this building was used until 1995 for the South Korean National Assembly, the United States Army Military Government in Korea, and the National Museum of South Korea. Although it served a variety of roles, this building was the most controversial case of historic preservation in Korean modern architecture. To analyze the peculiarities and characteristics of Korean modern architecture and its preservation, this research applied Western historic preservation theories, not exclusively from classical historic preservation theories developed by Viollet-le-Duc and John Ruskin, but also from modern historic preservation theories by Theodore H. M. Prudon, Daniel Blunstone, and Frances A. Yates. This cross-cultural and comparative study of historic preservation helps identify Korean modern architecture’s characteristics. It can also be a useful reference in finding the origins of Korean modern architectural identity.

조선총독부의 도시지역 공설시장제도 도입과 운영실태

조선총독부의 도시지역 공설시장제도 도입과 운영실태

The Background of the Publication of Shimsangsohakguksa-bochungkyojae Published by the Japanese Government-General of Korea and Its Historical Awareness

The Background of the Publication of Shimsangsohakguksa-bochungkyojae Published by the Japanese Government-General of Korea and Its Historical Awareness

일제강점기 신축된 군청사의 건축적 특징과 공통도면의 영향

The architectural drawings of Goon(郡) office buildings in Japanese colonial period collected in the national archives of Korea, were recently made as digital images, and their annotation published. On these basic research materials for the buildings a few papers were published. The purpose of this study is to investigate the tendency of the buildings' new construction and their architectural characteristics such as structure, scale or elevation composition. It used literature research method, i.e. analysing the digital images, the annotation, official documents between the Japanese government-general of Korea and To(道), and related articles of newspapers or journals. It found that the buildings were begun to newly construct from early 1910s, very early compared to To and Pu(府) office buildings, but the new construction were not sufficient from the point of total Goon's number(218). The reason of the early new construction is estimated that because the Japanese Government-General of Korea rearranged Goon in 1914 and 1915, therefore new buildings were needed in newly designated locations for the buildings. The structure of the buildings were mostly made of wood or brick, the size of them has very big deviation but no tendency toward time or region. The elevation composition of them was applied that of public offices in Japanese colonial period, and affected from the prototype scheme in 1910s by Government-General of Korea until 1930s.

History of the national licensing examination for the health professions under the Japanese Government-General of Korea (1910-1945).

During the reign of Japanese Government-General of Korea (Joseon) from 1910 to 1945, the main health professionals who were educated about modern medicine were categorized into physicians, dentists, pharmacists, midwives, and nurses. They were clearly distinguished from traditional health professionals. The regulations on new health professionals were enacted, and the licensing system was enforced in earnest. There were two kinds of licensing systems: the license without examination through an educational institution and the license with the national examination. The Japanese Government-General of Korea (Joseon) combined education with a national examination system to produce a large number of health professionals rapidly; however, it was insufficient to fulfill the increasing demand for health services. Therefore, the government eased the examination several times and focused on quantitative expansion of the health professions. The proportion of professionals licensed through national examination had increased. This system had produced the maximum number of available professionals at low cost. Furthermore, this system was significant in three respects: first, the establishment of the framework of the national licensing examination still used today for health professionals; second, the protection of people from the poor practices of unqualified practitioners; and third, the standardization of the quality of health.

On Kil-Ryong Park: ″Housing is a Vessel Containing People′s Lives″

In the early 1920s, the first generation of Korean architects educated under the Japanese Government-General of Korea, emerged in the Korean colonial space. One of these architects, Kil-Ryong Park (1898-1943), being influenced by the theory of architectural evolutionism prevalent among contemporary Japanese architects residing in Korea as well as the environmental-determinism-influenced Japanese understanding of the development of Korean minka (vernacular housing), focused his attention on traditional Korean housing from the early 1920s. The paper analyzes how he came up with his own perspective on Korean housing reformation, which was strongly influenced by his experiential knowledge of Korean living customs and their regional characteristics, such as the effects of climate and natural environments. Following the Romantic sense of modernity, described by Octavio Paz as ″a tradition against itself″ (Paz, 1974)1, the paper illustrates an alternative way to understand Korean architectural modernity during the colonial period, an understanding that differs from the current stylistic discussions on the subject.

일제강점기 전라북도 덕진공설운동장에 관한 연구

This study which is a history of physical education was carrie dout based on preceding research data and concerns the public stadium of Jeonju Deokjin-gu as one of typical Honam structures during the Japanese ruling era. This public stadium was built by total 8,600 yen adde das following: 5,000 yen donated by Japanese, Miyajaki Kichijo, in the year 1929 and 3,000 yen by Park Ki-Su nwho is local politician and 600 won by public fund of Jeonju, and then constructing and using the building wsa approved by the Japanese Government-General of Korea at October 1929. The facility which is made u pof baseball stadium, athletic field and tennis court, about 6,032, 6,492, 1,024 pyeong, respectively, was admniistered by the one warden at that time. According to a newspaper report, it was shown that the first atehtlic sports game was played in October 1930. After that, the facility has been used as a meeting place of social organizations and sport place and one of the greatest games is cycle game with having spectator from 3,000 to millions in this stadium.

A Study on the Origins of Cultural Films in Korea: A Focus on Films by the Japanese Government-General of Korea

‘문화영화(æ–‡åŒ–æ˜ ç•µ, cultural film)’는 ì¼ì œì‹œê¸°ì— 만들어진 용어로 한국에서는 해방 이후부터 1980ë „ëŒ€ê¹Œì§€ 대체로 극이 아닌 영화(nonfiction film)의 총칭으로 사용되었다. 그러나 기록영화(documentary film)라는 용어와 달리 문화영화는 êµ­ 가의 문화・ ê³µë³´ì •ì± ì˜ 일환으로 ì œìž‘ëœ ê´€ì œ ì„ ì „ì˜í™”ë¼ëŠ” 속성을 ì§€ë ”ê³ ê·¸ 동안 연구대상으로 주목 받지 못했다. 문화영화는 ì• ì´ˆì— 장르의 ëª ì¹­ì´ 아니었 다. 따라서 문화영화로 불린 작품들의 í˜•ì‹ì , ë‚´ìš©ì  공통성을 바탕으로 이 용 어를 ê°œë í™”í•˜ëŠ” 일은 불가능하다. 문화영화는 비(非)극영화=기록영화로 범박하 게 인식되어 왔지만 ì œìž‘ê³¼ ìœ í†µí˜„ìž¥ì—ì„œëŠ” 극영화나 ì• ë‹ˆë©”ì´ì ˜ì¡°ì°¨ 문화영화 에 포괄되기도 했다. 그러므로 문화영화의 본질을 ê·œëª í•˜ê¸° 위해서는 문화영화 라는 ê³ ìœ ëª ì‚¬ê°€ ì¼ë°˜ëª ì‚¬í™” 되어갔던 ê³¼ì •ì„ 다시 들여다볼 수 밖에 없다. 이 ë ¼ë¬¸ì—ì„œëŠ” 문화영화가 등장한 ì¼ì œì‹œê¸°ë¡œ 거슬러 올라가 이 용어가 ë§Œë“¤ì–´ì§€ê³ í†µìš©ëœ 맥락을 ì‚´í”¼ê³ ìž 한다. 비극영화의 ê°œë ì´ 처음 ë„ìž ëœ ‘활동사진필름검 열규칙’에서부터 만주사변과 ì¤‘ì¼ì „ìŸì„ 거치면서 ì˜í™”êµ­ì± ì´ 수립되어가는 ê³¼ì • 속에서 문화영화가 ìž¥ë ¤ë˜ê³ ì¼ë³¸ì˜í™”ë²•ê³¼ ì¡°ì„ ì˜í™”ë ¹ì„ 통해 국가가 육성해야 하는 ‘국민영화’로서 ëª ë¬¸í™”ë˜ì–´ ê°•ì œìƒì˜ 되기까지의 ê³¼ì •ì„ ê³ ì°°í•´ë³¸ë‹¤. ì£¼ì œì–´: 문화영화, 기록영화, 일본영화법, ì¡°ì„ ì˜í™”ë ¹, ì¡°ì„ ì´ë ë¶€í™œë™ì‚¬ì§„ë°˜

The Constitution and Management of Manchuria Frontiersman Training Camp of the Japanese Government-General of Korea in 1940’s

The Constitution and Management of Manchuria Frontiersman Training Camp of the Japanese Government-General of Korea in 1940’s

An Analysis on Overseas Researcher System of Japanese Government General of Korea : during Japanese Occupation

Most of overseas researchers of Joseonch’ongdokbu were composed of high-ranking public officials of Education Bureau(學務局) and Railway Bureau (鐵道局) and professors of National higher educational institutions(官立高等敎育機關). The typical countries which the Joseonch’ongdokbu overseas researchers had been sent were Germany, United States, United Kingdom, and France. These countries were replaced by other countries or added depending on the field of study.<BR> Research field of the Joseonch’ongdokbu overseas researchers was focused on humanities, law, and medicine. Overseas researchers dispatch stood out in the field of medicine. This was the result of Japanese imperialism using medicine to investigate Koreans as a means of strengthening the ideology of ruling over Korea. And the Joseonch’ongdokbu overseas researcher system carried out the education of National college(官立專門學校) professors. So, research fields were connected with the curriculum of National college.<BR> The overseas researcher system of Joseonch’ongdokbu played a key role in that professors of National higher educational institutions mainly composed of Keijo Imperial University monopolize the academic achievements of the West. At the same time, overseas researcher system contributed to strengthening the academic basis which is necessary for Japanese imperialism to rule over Korea.