Japanese Economic Miracle Research Articles

Housewives and the Growth of the Japanese Electrical Appliance Industry, 1950–1990

This article challenges the prevailing narrative surrounding the Japanese manufacturing industry in the post-World War II era, which predominantly centers on large corporations and male engineers. It sheds light on the vital role played by Japanese housewives in shaping product innovation. It argues that the exclusion of consumers, particularly women, from existing industrial models carries a gendered dimension. By presenting Japanese housewives as active stakeholders who defy stereotypes and enhance their lives by expressing their opinions, we aim to offer a fresh perspective on innovation and product development. The article specifically focuses on the electric appliance industry and draws upon a diverse range of sources, including women’s magazines and corporate archives, to uncover the hidden aspects of gender within the Japanese economic miracle. It shows that housewives have played an active role in product innovation and that women’s magazines have made this possible by acting as intermediaries between women and companies.

The Lost Decade: Research on the Japanese Asset Price Bubble

Due to the burst of Japanese asset price bubble in 1989s, Japan’s economy has started a clearly great depression, specifically manifest as downturn in GDP, decline in economic activity, decrease in the general price level, and manufacturing sector in recession. The burst of bubble directly shows as expansion on credit and money supply, overheating in assets market and economic activity. This paper aims on elaborating and analyzing Japanese unique economic development history after Second World War. This paper also focuses on how the Japanese economic miracle happened and how does Japanese economic miracle came into asset price bubble. Based on those economic policies implemented by Japanese government, including zero interest rate policy (ZIRP), negative interest rate, quantitative easing (QE), qualitative quantitative easing (QQE), and the three arrows of Shinzo Abe, this paper analyzes those policies in economic direction. This paper also researches on some other potentials and secondary influences on Japanese economy, such as Japanese corporate system since 1600s, the involvement of the USA, the plaza accord, several Japanese bank’s bad loans.

EVOLUTION DEVELOPMENT OF JAPAN-UZBEKISTAN RELATIONS: FROM TRADITIONAL COOPERATION TO STRENGTHENING STRATEGIC PARTNERSHIP

The article is devoted to one of the developed countries of the world - Japan and the development of bilateral relations between our countries. January 2022 marked the 30th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between Uzbekistan and Japan. The phenomenon of the Japanese economic miracle has been the subject of study by economists, lawyers, and sociologists for several decades. The author of the article expressed his point of view on Japan, the mentality and culture of this amazing people. The article briefly discusses the main stages in the formation of Japanese statehood, the role of legal and moral and ethical norms, the values of Japanese society, the problems of modern Japan, as well as the prospects for strengthening bilateral cooperation.

The Japanese economic miracle and the role of government in the process of its achievement

The Japanese economic miracle is known as the record period of Japanese economic growth between the end of World War II and the end of the Cold War (1945–1991). One of the reasons for Japan's rapid recovery from post-war trauma was the government's successful economic reform. The government institution that dealt mainly with industrial policy in Japan was the Ministry of Industry. One of the most important economic reforms was the introduction-adaptation of the "Inclined Production Mode". This success has been largely ensured to the interventionist policy of the Government of Japan and, in part, to the assistance provided by the United States in the form of the ,,Marshall Plan“. Keywords: role of government, protectionism, reconstruction, US aid ("Marshall plan"), Japanese economic miracle.

ФИНАНСОВЫЕ БУРИ НА ТИХОМ ОКЕАНЕ: СОПЕРНИЧЕСТВО США И ЯПОНИИ В БАНКОВСКОЙ СФЕРЕ (1970–2020 ГОДЫ)

The article deals with half a century of historical development (from the early 1970s to the present) of one of the key aspects of US-Japan political and economic relations – competition between the banking systems of these countries. Particular focus on this pair of financial forces is due to their leading positions in the global banking industry for many decades. The research is based on the 50-year series of statistical data, as well as national legislation, periodicals and memoirs. It is shown that the leadership of the USA in the banking sector, still retained by the early 1970s, looked increasingly less solid in the face of the rapid advance of Japanese financial groups (which, in turn, was connected with the “Japanese economic miracle” in the sphere of manufacturing). In the 1970s and 1980s, Japan not only surpassed the United States in banking performance, but also became the new dominant in the sector. Nevertheless, during the general slowdown of the Japanese economy over the next two decades, the banking leadership passed to the United States again. In both countries, these dramatic reversals were accompanied by profound reforms of national banking systems, with a clear similarity in the chronology and direction of transformations. Soon after the global recession of 2008–2009, the banking industries of the USA and Japan (closely tied, similar in regulation methods, and comparable in sizes) have entered relatively smooth trajectories. Now, however, both countries are lagging behind the new banking superpower of China.

Higher Environmental Education in Japan: Social Mission and National Peculiarities

The fact of the Japanese economic miracle is rarely associated with the environmental crisis. Getting out of this crisis might be considered as another Japanese miracle – the ecological one, which turned the country into an area of a harmony between man and nature. This unique phenomenon is usually associated with traditions of Shinto, but this is only one part of the national realities. Another part is connected with the beneficial effects of the eco-cultural revolution of recent decades. Development of environmental education was the most important component. This article presents the results of a study of higher environmental education in Japan, which has acquired a nationwide scale and has become an important link in the state environmental policy. This is precisely the mission of environmental education – to be the most important tool for ensuring the ecological culture of environmental professionals and the entire population of the country in a whole. The empirical basis of the study is provided by thematic publications in Japanese, English and Russian, materials from targeted surveys and interviews of Japanese universities’ teachers within the framework of the project of the Russian Geographical Society, as well as a diverse authors’ experience of communication with employees and students of Japanese universities over the past 10 years. The aim of the study is to identify the features of the development of higher environmental education in Japan and the specifics of its current stage. The most important of these features are the development of universal environmental education in the country; systematic “greening” of higher education; a synthesis of national cultural traditions and scientifically based innovations; creation of an attractive image of environmental specialties; using environmental education as a platform for the paradigm of an education for sustainable development. The revealed features convince that Japanese society is aware of the high price of environmental costs, while considering environmental education as a decisive factor in its optimization. In this regard, the original Japanese practice of higher environmental education is of undoubted interest for other countries of the world including Russia.

The Origin of the Post-War Japanese Economic Miracle : Reform Policies vs. Reverse Course in the U.S. Occupation of Japan

The Origin of the Post-War Japanese Economic Miracle : Reform Policies vs. Reverse Course in the U.S. Occupation of Japan

ЭТАПЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ И СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ИННОВАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ЯПОНИИ

The phenomenon of the "Japanese economic miracle", which in just two post-war decades turned an ineffective economy exhausted by war into an example for creating innovative models of other states, has attracted the interest of domestic and foreign researchers for a long time. At the same time, there is a consensus in the scientific community that this "miracle" is based on a clear goal setting and consistent - with an emphasis on the introduction of advanced technologies - economic policy of the national authorities. This article is devoted to the study of the formation process of the national innovation system of Japan, the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of its current state.

Theoretical basis of primary school teacher training in Japanese and Ukrainian universities

The article presents a comparative analysis, found similarities and differences in the development of student learning and teacher training at universities in Japan and Ukraine. The origins of Japanese economic miracle are particularly suited to the training and education of the younger generation, combining western trends with the traditional humanistic educational principles. The Japanese education system, like Ukrainian, has undergone transformation towards humanistic many difficulties due to historical conditions and characteristics of the national mentality. Comparative analysis of the education system in Japan and Ukraine showed similar approaches in the educational process in schools: the structure of schools (primary, basic, senior), the operation of private schools, although there is a difference in the period of training; the use of credit-modular technology that promotes democratization of education; organizational forms of the educational process for the preparation of teachers (lectures, seminars, practical and so on).Among the prospects for the creative use of Japanese progressive ideas and the experience of modernizing primary school teacher’s training under the conditions of reforming the domestic educational system we have singled out some recommendations that we propose to implement into the process of training teachers for universities in Ukraine: formation of future teachers’ research and development; improvement of the system of acquiring qualifications and the right to teach at primary school; the experience of the Japanese educational system with regard to the entry of beginner teachers in the profession facilitates the transition of a university student to the status of a primary school teacher; partnership approach to the development of the system "school-university"; technological approach to providing the effectiveness of the educational process, primary school teachers’ theoretical and practical training at universities; introduction of new subjects into the curricula of universities’ pedagogical departments.

Desarrollo económico de Japón: de la génesis al llamado milagro económico

<em><span>El objetivo de este artículo es establecer el origen y la evolución del desarrollo económico de Japón en el siglo veinte, en particular en la época del llamado milagro económico japonés. Para tal fin se hace una descripción histórica de las reformas educativas, políticas y económicas establecidas desde la era Edo hasta la década de 1970, así como de las diferentes coyunturas económicas y políticas que recayeron sobre Japón durante en el período 1945-1970 XX. Se concluye que para entender el desarrollo económico de Japón es necesario analizar los cambios sociales, políticos y económicos acaecidos en el país durante el siglo XIX y, en particular, el papel del Estado y los grupos empresariales en la inserción de la economía japonesa en los mercados internacionales.</span></em>

Comparative Characteristics of Teaching Children and Youth in Ukraine and Japan

The article presents a comparative analysis, found similarities and differences in thedevelopment of student learning and teacher training at universities in Japan and Ukraine. Theorigins of Japanese economic miracle are particularly suited to the training and education of theyounger generation, combining western trends with the traditional humanistic educationalprinciples. The Japanese education system, like Ukrainian, has undergone transformation towardshumanistic many difficulties due to historical conditions and characteristics of the nationalmentality. Comparative analysis of the education system in Japan and Ukraine showed similarapproaches in the educational process in schools: the structure of schools (primary, basic, senior),the operation of private schools, although there is a difference in the period of training; the use ofcredit- modular technology that promotes democratization of education; organizational forms ofthe educational process for the preparation of teachers (lectures, seminars, practical and so on.);Graduate School offers training both competition and on contract basis in government educationalinstitutions; there are p

Polityka japońskiego rządu wobec sektora MŚP

The Japanese economic miracle has been admired throughout the world for a long time. It was based on the active role of the State which has emphasized above all the support for development of large companies since the 50 of the 20th Century. This policy is no longer effective, as for twenty years Japan has experienced a period of depression. Subsequent governments tried to revive the Japanese economy. Nowadays, Japan discerns the growing importance of the SME sector and sees it as its chance to improve its political and economic situation. The purpose of this article is to present the case of shaping the Japanese government's policy towards the SME sector.

Analysis of the Education Systems of Japan and Ukraine

The article presents a comparative analysis, similarities and differences in the development of student learning and teacher training at universities in Japan and Ukraine are found. The origins of Japanese economic miracle are particularly suited to the training and education of the younger generation, combining western trends with the traditional humanistic educational principles. The Japanese education system, like Ukrainian, has undergone transformation towards humanistic many difficulties due to historical conditions and characteristics of the national mentality. Comparative analysis of the education system in Japan and Ukraine showed similar approaches in the educational process in schools: the structure of schools (primary, basic, senior), the operation of private schools, although there is a difference in the period of training; the use of credit- modular technology that promotes democratization of education; organizational forms of the educational process for the preparation of teachers (lectures, seminars, practical and so on.); Graduate School offers training both competition and on contract basis in government educational institutions; there are private educational universities.

Constructing sexual risk: ‘Chikan’, collapsing male authority and the emergence of women-only train carriages in Japan

Women-only train carriages have been introduced in Japan as a response to widespread groping (chikan) by men. In August 2007, 155 young women completed a survey at a variety of locations in central Tokyo, mainly at the popular meeting places, Shinjuku and Shibuya. The survey involved face-to-face interviews conducted mainly by young female interviewers. The numbers involved are insufficient for rigorous statistical analysis and in this pilot study we were principally interested in further refining ideas and hypotheses for further investigation by considering results in the context of significant contemporary social trends. This article starts by considering a particular cultural context in which the issue of groping resulted in the introduction of women-only train carriages and this official antigroping measure which has been widely accepted. The article then examines women's responses to the availability of women-only train carriages, using surveys carried out in Tokyo. It concludes by considering the specific and anomalous targeting of primarily middle aged ‘salarymen’, a focus understood in the context of the collapse of the ideological power of the patriarchal corporate figure associated with the end of the Japanese economic miracle. Women's use and support for women-only train carriages is not solely dominated by anxiety over the risk of chikan. Our survey indicated that it was a symbolic rejection of a particular type of masculinity, rather than the physical separation from a risk of being groped.

Culture and economic explanation: economics in the US and Japan

There is a common view among many economists that one model is capable of explaining a specific type of behaviour in all cultural environments. It is only necessary to make appropriate adjustments to bring the model in line with prevailing cultural conditions. This book argues that such an approach can lead to error, in particular to incorrect explanation and understanding of the phenomenon in question, and therefore may result in inappropriate policy recommendations.Katzner’s fascinating book compares the two cultures of Japan and USA and provides insights into the economic workings and differences between the two nations. He shows that an understanding of the culture of a country is essential to the development of appropriate models of economic behaviour of economic agents in that country, and that the failure to understand cultural differences weakens the predictive (and prescriptive) power of economic models. The argument is made in a collection of essays supporting the following: (a) Thought processes are heavily dependent on cultural environments and (b) Because cultures vary widely from society to society, to explain economic behaviour in one society may require a model with a completely different structure from that in another. The book applies this argument to elucidate certain features of economic theorizing and to explain the so-called Japanese economic miracle.

Understanding Asian Corporate Management: A Global Comparative Framework

ABSTRACT Asia is now set to rival the West in economic terms, and an understanding of Asian management is critical. General interest in this area has its origins in the Japanese economic miracle, regional influence of the overseas Chinese, and the contemporary emergence of China and India. Although “Asian management” is established as a subdiscipline of international management, there are few standardized frameworks. This article explores and recommends a descriptive, comparative approach to understanding Asian management that recognizes global and local imperatives. Two illustrative case studies of major Asian corporations are offered in illustration of the utility of the framework.

Out of the alleyway: Nakagami Kenji and the poetics of outcaste fiction

The writer Nakagami Kenji (1946-1992) rose to fame in the mid-1970s for his vivid stories about a clan scarred by violence and poverty on the underside of the Japanese economic miracle. Drawing upon the lives, experiences, and languages of the burakumin, the outcaste communities long discriminated against in Japanese society as a defiled underclass, Nakagami's works of fiction and non-fiction record with vitality and violence the realities - actual and imagined - of buraku culture.In this critical study of Nakagami's life and oeuvre, Eve Zimmerman delves into the writer's literary world, exploring the genres, forms, and themes with which Nakagami worked and experimented. These chapters trace the biographical thread running through his works while foregrounding such diverse facets of his writing as his interest in the modern possibilities of traditional myths and forms of storytelling, his deployment of shocking tropes and images, and his crafting of a unique poetic language.By bringing to the fore the literary urgency and social engagement that informed all aspects of Nakagami's creative and intellectual production, from his works of prose and poetry to his criticism, this book argues eloquently and effectively for us to appreciate Nakagami as a distinctive and relevant voice in modern Japanese literature.

Defense Ownership or Nationalist Security: Autonomy and Reputation in South Korean and Japanese Security Policies

Countries that rely on others for military capabilities or security guarantees face questions of ‘defense ownership’ in national strategy and domestic politics. This paper develops the concept of defense ownership and examines different campaigns for ownership in current South Korean and Japanese security policies. South Korea’s defense ownership campaign focuses on national autonomy while Japan’s focuses on international reputation. Traditional factors of security policy such as national capabilities, external threat perception, and ally reliability do not explain the differences between these campaigns. The ownership campaigns can, however, be understood within the context of South Korean and Japanese national identity debates about the appropriate role and position of the state in international affairs. In South Korea, the focal points of national identity debates are eventual unification with North Korea and overcoming a history of treatment as an international object rather than international actor. In Japan, national identity debates concentrate on regaining Japan’s status as a ‘normal’ country and filling the vacuum of national pride once filled by the Japanese economic miracle, especially in the present context of a rising China. The paper concludes with recommendations for avoiding nationalist-driven policies that could cause spirals in regional security relations.

The Japanese economic enigma

The subject of this article is the Japanese enigma: the long-lasting extraordinarily rapid economic growth, the so-called Japanese economic miracle, and then a very sharp set-back in the growth rate, the prolonged recession. The authors, using an endogenous growth model, have proven that an economic miracle did not happen in Japan either: the very rapid growth proceeded in conformity with the general regularities of economic development. The main cause of prolonged recession, according to the empirical results, is the currency shock, occurred on the basis of an international agreement in the mid-1980s, which decelerated the hitherto extremely dynamic development of Japanese exports, considerably retarding the main factor of rapid economic growth.

The Japanese Economic Enigma

The subject of this article is the Japanese enigma: the long-lasting extraordinarily rapid economic growth, the so-called Japanese economic miracle, and then a very sharp set-back in the growth rate, the prolonged recession. The authors, using an endogenous growth model, have proven that an economic miracle did not happen in Japan either: the very rapid growth proceeded in conformity with the general regularities of economic development. The main cause of prolonged recession, according to the empirical results, is the currency shock, occurred on the basis of an international agreement in the mid-1980s, which decelerated the hitherto extremely dynamic development of Japanese exports, considerably retarding the main factor of rapid economic growth.