Japanese Definition Research Articles

The Dose-Dependent Relationship Between CRP and MS With the Japanese Definition

The Dose-Dependent Relationship Between CRP and MS With the Japanese Definition

Sequential Transthoracic Ultrasound Assessment of Coronary Flow Reserve in a Patient with Tako-tsubo Syndrome

We report a case of a 70-year-old woman with Tako-tsubo syndrome admitted to the hospital with typical chest pain and electrocardiogram changes in anterior precordial leads suggesting acute coronary syndrome. Coronary angiography demonstrated normal coronary artery and left ventriculography the typical apical ballooning of Tako-tsubo syndrome. Transthoracic echocardiographically derived coronary flow velocity reserve by adenosine was lower than normal (1.54) in the acute phase and improved after 1 month (2.68). At this time, electrocardiogram normalization also occurred. Our report supports the hypothesis that coronary microvascular dysfunction might be a determinant of Tako-tsubo syndrome.

Reality and perspectives in teleradiology: a personal view based on personal experiences

This paper is a subjective view based on 8years of personal experience in teleradiology.We think the results are of interest totelemedicine in general.Telemedicine is a broad field, which can bedefined in different ways. A Japanese defini-tion of 1996 described it as ‘‘… the use of anyelectrical signal to transmit medical informa-tion…’’ [1]. This is a very technical and sim-plistic view. The University of Athens inGreece published a more detailed definition:‘‘… the transfer of electronic medical data(i.e. high resolution images, sounds, livevideo, and patient records) from one locationto another.’’ [2]. A broader definition, whichtakes the entire health care system into ac-count, says: ‘‘… the use of telecommunica-tions technology to deliver health careservices and health professions education tosites that are distant to the host site or educa-tor…’’ [3].The driving factors in telemedicine wereinvestigated in a study by Frost and Sullivan[4]. The following reasons were identified fordeveloping and using telemedicine: first, thereis pressure to reduce costs. Centralization,specialization and outsourcing need this tech-nology. Furthermore, there is a need forgreater efficiency in the health care system.Advances in technology help in implementingtelemedicine systems today. The dissemina-tion of international standardization is animportant aspect in implementing systemsthat are interoperable. Examples of suchstandards are DICOM, MEDICOM andHL7. The shift from institution-based care tocitizen- and homecare-centered provision isanother important driver. Increased health-care demands can only be satisfied withtelemedicine. Aging populations need tele-monitoring to cut costs and isolated patientsneed and demand full healthcare services.Physicians are motivated to implementtelemedical applications since they recognizean income potential [4].Telemedicine can help patients, physiciansand other medical staff as well as medicalinstitutions, insurance carriers, politiciansand the medical devices market according tothis study [4].

Japanese social values in representations of Australia

'Australian husband' is a phrase that sometimes appears in Japanese writings about Australia. It connotes a very domestic husband, one who participates in all kinds of housework. However, how many Australians would associate the phrase with this Japanese definition? This can be seen as an example of the fact that the meaning of a representation can differ between societies, because of differences in social values. In a male-dominated society like Japan gender roles in families are more clearly delineated than in Australia. As a result, any participation in housework by a husband at all is regarded as something special and such a husband is seen to be 'very domestic'. In this essay I would like to discuss the ways in which dominant cultural values in Japan influence interpretations of specific events or issues relating to Australia, a discussion based on an analysis of selected examples of representations of Australia in Asahi Shimbun from the 1970s through the 1990s. Key Japanese values are compared with Australian values, and relations between Japanese representations and Japanese perceptions of Australia are considered.

Dukes' A tumor

Dukes' classification for colorectal cancer is easy to remember and accurate in estimating survival. The Japanese definition of early gastric cancer have some problems, since it includes node-positive cases showing a worse prognosis. The aim of this study was to clarify whether or not Dukes' A tumor can be used as new criteria for early gastric cancer. Using 217 patients who underwent radical gastrectomy and lymph node dissection for primary gastric adenocarcinoma, long-term results and cumulative survival rates after operation were examined. Patients consisted of three groups: Group 1, 20 patients with node-negative tumor invading down to the muscularis propria, Group 2, 175 patients with node-negative tumor limited to the mucosa or submucosa, and Group 3, 22 patients with node-positive tumor limited to the mucosa or submucosa. The 10-year survival rates for Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3 patients were 94.7%, 96.9%, and 85.1%, respectively. The survival rate of Group 3 patients was significantly lower than that of Group 1 and Group 2 patients (p<0.05). The prognosis of patients with Dukes' A tumor (Group 1 plus Group 2) was excellent, showing 10-year survival rate of 96.6%. Mucosal or submucosal cancer brought a poor prognosis when there was lymph node metastasis. Early gastric cancer would better be defined as a Dukes' A tumor which includes node-negative tumor not beyond the muscularis propria.

Reevaluation of Classification of “Early Gastric Cancer”

There are some discussions for the definition and classification of the early carcinoma of the stomach. However, experiencing more cases and facilitating discussions, we are promoting our diagnostic ability and improving the prognosis of the gastric cancer. The Japanese definition and classification of “The early carcinoma of stomach” is still fully acceptable four our mutual and international understandings of gastric carcinoma.

Reliability of Endoscopic Observation in Diagnosis of Early Carcinoma of the Stomach

Reliability of endoscopic observation was discussed on 191 cases of early gastric carcinoma. The fact that the Japanese definition and classification of such tumor were of great help in differentiating early carcinoma from advanced one in approximately 90 per cent of the cases was emphasized.