Japanese Code Research Articles

The tendency of the recent reforms of the Japanese Code of Civil Procedure

The tendency of the recent reforms of the Japanese Code of Civil Procedure

ボランティア活動「かぐ転防」運動の拡大へ向けての方法論的・実践的研究

The present Japanese code for resist-seismic-load requires that ordinary buildings have to behave elastically during level-1 earthquakes, and as collapse-free structures against level-2. On the other hand, there have been some reports on the events of heavy-furniture-downfalls in buildings even level-1 earthquakes. Such the furniture downfalls could cause the serious accidents resulting in injury or death. The movement called the “KAGUTENBOU-TAI” based on students' volunteer work has been launched about half and two years ago for the purpose of preventing heavy-furniture-downfalls during level-2 earthquakes. In this paper, we reported on the philosophy, history and estimation of this movement, and also discussed its challenges and foresight for the future.

Design of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Members According to the Australian Standard AS 5100 Model and Calibration

Procedures given in the Australian bridge design standard AS 5100 (Standards Australia, 2004) for the design of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns, beams and beam- columns are presented and described briefly in this paper. A wide range of experimental data from two currently available test databases (2194 test results altogether) is used to evaluate the applicability of AS 5100 in calculating the strength of CFST members. Some other existing design codes, such as the Japanese code AIJ (1997), American code AISC (2005), British bridge code BS 5400 (2005), Chinese code DBJ13-51-2003 (2003) and Eurocode 4 (2004), are also compared with the test results in this paper. From the comparisons, useful information is provided for future possible revision of AS 5100 and for the suggestion that this model be used for building construction.

How the Japanese Civil Code Lawyers See the Patient-medical Staff Relationship?—A Gap of Medical and Legal Reality

How the Japanese Civil Code Lawyers See the Patient-medical Staff Relationship?—A Gap of Medical and Legal Reality

A Short Note for Dr. Watabe’s Review in 1974

In the preceding article, I reviewed two seismic design codes of the Building Standard Law of Japan, revised in 1981 and 2000, with the transition of Japanese seismic design codes. Having read the 1974 review by Dr. Makoto Watabe, I was most impressed by his comprehensive understanding of seismic structural systems for buildings – an understanding that is fresh even today, more than 3 decades later. He moves from the basic principles for seismic building design to earthquake-resistant properties of building. The general seismic design principles of buildings he has reviewed are very sound and introduced both in current seismic design codes I have reviewed and the seismic design of super high-rise buildings over 60 m high.

The Indicators of Japanese Ciphers 2468, 7890, and JN-25A1

ABSTRACT This article analyses the process by which the indicator encryption system of the Japanese Army Water Transport Code, sometimes called 2468 after its discriminant, was breached in February, March, and April 1943. The method can be modified to deal with other Japanese Army mainline codes of the era, such as that with discriminant 7890. The opportunity is taken to discuss how the indicator encryption system of the first of the Japanese Navy ciphers collectively called JN-25 was breached by Brigadier John Tiltman in August and September 1939.

Did Sigint Seal The Fates of 19,000 POWs?

The discovery of intercepts in the Japanese “Orange Translations” regarding the sinking of merchant ships (marus) bearing allied POWs led to the conclusion that the Joint Intelligence Center Pacific Ocean Area (JICPOA) gave latitudes and longitudes of these vessels to the Commander, Submarine Force, Pacific (ComSubPac) knowing that POWs would be killed. An examination of the “Orange Translations” reveals that most of the intercepts are from the Japanese Water Transport Code (2468) system, not the “Maru Code” (JN-11). The author concludes that while JICPOA provided ComSubPac with convoy coordinates, they were unaware of the presence of POWs on the marus.

PEARL HARBOR: RADIO OFFICER LESLIE GROGAN OF THE SS LURLINE AND HIS MISIDENTIFIED SIGNALS

Radio Officer Leslie Grogan of the SS Lurline reported that he heard “unusual” radio signals that he thought were from the Japanese Pearl Harbor Strike Force in four expanding versions. Despite the dismissals of mainstream cryptologic writers, others continue to regurgitate these highly speculative and contradictory accountings to bolster their allegations of advance knowledge of the Japanese plans to attack Pearl Harbor. However, a more critical analysis of Grogan's many conflicting stories clearly shows that the reported signals, at best, were only plain language messages in the Japanese telegraphic code between Yokohama and the huge Japanese commercial fleet that had bunched up in home waters just prior to the initiation of hostilities.

THE BREAKING OF THE JAPANESE ARMY'S CODES

This memoir relates the writer's experience as a Signal Corps cryptanalyst in World War II. The major foci are the efforts of the Signal Intelligence Service in Australia and at Arlington Hall to solve the Japanese Army's codes. The initial entries into the codes and some of the later efforts to keep these entries going as the Japanese Army made changes are described. It supplements the article by David Mead, “The Breaking of the Japanese Army Administration Code” in the July 1994 issue of Cryptologia, 18(3): 193–203.

Evaluation of progressive inelastic deformation induced by a moving axial temperature front for a welded structure

An evaluation of progressive inelastic deformation under moving thermal fronts for a Y-shaped welded cylindrical structure has been carried out by a structural test and inelastic analysis. The progressive inelastic deformation was evaluated according to the Japanese liquid metal reactor design code which accommodates evaluation procedures of thermal ratcheting dominated by secondary hoop membrane stresses with negligible primary stresses and was compared with the test results. In addition the influence of the residual stresses at the welded joint, derived according to the UK R6 procedure, on global thermal ratcheting deformation was evaluated. The maximum residual deformation after seven cycles of the thermal load was measured to be 3.1 mm while the inelastic analysis using a combined isotropic and kinematic model hardening was 2.6 mm. The evaluation results by the Japanese code showed that the strain limit due to a thermal ratcheting load was reached after 12.5 cycles while that of the structural test was 9.4 cycles. The contribution of the weld residual stresses at the Y-shaped welded joint, derived according to the UK R6 procedure, to the strain accumulation was estimated to be less than 0.1% both in the circumferential and axial directions, which shows that the effect of the weld residual stress on the ratcheting strain is wiped out quickly due to the applied loading cycle.

철근콘크리트 부재의 최소전단보강근비의 평가

The current Korean Concrete Design Code(KCI Code) requires the minimum and maximum content of shear s in order to prevent brittle and noneconomic design. However, the required content of the steel reinforcement In KCI Code is quite different to those of the other design codes such as fib-code, Canadian Code, and Japanese Code. Furthermore, since the evaluation equations of the minimum and maximum shear reinforcement for the current KCI Code were based on the experimental results, the equations can not be used for the RC members beyond the experimental application limits. The concrete tensile strength, shear stress, crack inclination, strain perpendicular to the crack, and shear span ratio are strongly related to the lower and upper limits of shear reinforcement. In this research, an evaluation equation for the minimum content of shear reinforcement is theoretical proposed from the Wavier's three principals of the mechanics of materials.

In Memoriam: John F. Callahan

John Francis Callahan, Professor Emeritus of Philosophy and Classics at Georgetown University, died 14 July 2003 after open-heart surgery performed 6 June and was buried with full military honors 17 September at Arlington National Cemetery. His funeral Mass at the Old Post Chapel was concelebrated by his old friend and former colleague, Father Edward W. Bodnar, S.J., who had also concelebrated a memorial Mass in the Jesuit Chapel at Georgetown 5 August.John served on the Board of Editors and the Board of Directors of the Journal of the History of Ideas from 1970 until his death and was Vice-President from 1985. Throughout thirty-three years, during which he never missed a meeting until the last, he devoted unstinted time and energy to the affairs of the Journal, rigorously scrutinizing every problem, from matters of editorial policy through changes in leadership, location, and membership on the Editorial Board to proposals for expenditures and questions of format and style. he was a meticulous reader of manuscripts and applied the most stringent standards to his consideration of both content and modes of expression. No mistake in Greek typography escaped his vigilance. he brought to the annual meetings a distinctive elegance and an unusual sense of collegiality that derived both from his devotion to the Journal itself and from his long friendship with some of the older members of the Board, such as Paul Kristeller and Richard McKeon.John was a life member of the American Philological Association (since 1940) and served with distinction from 1976 to 1986 as its delegate to the International Federation of Classical Studies (FIEC), attending its meetings in Budapest and Helsinki. A scholar of exceptionally wide-ranging interests, he was best known for his studies of the concept of time in ancient philosophy and his critical edition of Gregory of Nyssa, De oratione dominica et De beatitudinibus, which he completed at Dumbarton Oaks after he retired from Georgetown.Born in Chicago 13 May 1912, he began the study of Greek and Latin at St. Ignatius Prep, where he was also introduced to opera, a lifelong passion, by one of his Jesuit teachers. he received the A.B. in 1933 and the A.M. in 1934 from Loyola University, Chicago, which on Founder's Day, 1965, honored him with an award for distinguished contributions to classical scholarship. he received the Ph.D. in 1940 from the University of Chicago, where he studied with Richard McKeon and Werner Jaeger, the two principal, very different influences on his approach to philosophy and philology. Henry Prescott and Carl Darling Buck were two other members of that fabulous generation of classical scholars at Chicago who made a lasting impression on him. His interest in Plautus, Greek and Roman linguistics, and comparative grammar continued throughout his life, contributing to what a former colleague at Dumbarton Oaks has described as an uncanny ability to penetrate beneath the surface of the classical languages, to peer into their deep structure.John was a Teaching Fellow at the University of Chicago, 1936-37, Instructor at Loyola University, 1937-40, Visiting Instructor, Harvard University, 1940-41, Assistant Professor, Loyola University, 1941-43, Associate Professor and Professor of Classics and Philosophy, Georgetown University, from 1946 until he retired in 1978, and Project Director at Dumbarton Oaks, Harvard University, 1977-86. he served in the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946, working in Naval Communications. he rarely spoke of his part in breaking the Japanese code, but often referred to such comrades in arms as Sam Atkins and Richmond Lattimore, who like him returned to teaching as soon as World War II was over.John's teaching was enriched by his research, which was supported by a notable succession of fellowships, from the Rockefeller Foundation in 1947, the Ford Foundation for the Advancement of Education, 1953-54, the Fulbright Commission, 1953-55, the Guggenheim Foundation, 1958-59, and the National Endowment for the Humanities, 1967. …

The Humidity Variation in Crawl Spaces of Japanese Houses

We found that many houses experience summer condensation in the crawl spaces. These houses are constructed in compliance with the Japanese Building Code requirements for crawl space ventilation and contain ground covers. The humidity in the crawl space affects durability of the house. We have monitored the temperature and humidity variations of 36 houses in Japan over two years and confirmed the annual variations of hygro-thermal conditions in the crawl spaces by the numerical analysis. Numerical calculations using a one-dimensional heat transfer model agreed well with the measured results. These results show that during the summer, houses in this region of Japan have extremely high humidity in crawl spaces. The daily average of crawl space vapor pressure is nearly equal to that of the outdoors. The effects of floor thermal resistance and ground moisture are also estimated in this paper.

Roosevelt's Secret War: FDR and World War II Espionage (review)

Well known to students of intelligence from his 1979 book Piercing the Reich (on Office of Strategic Services [OSS] networks within Germany), Persico has here widened his scope. Fascinated by Roosevelt's personality and [End Page 975] by espionage, he has brought them together, with vignettes of many situations in which the president had access to secret information. Roosevelt "took almost childish delight in subterfuge. . . [he] loved being told secrets and retailing gossip" (p. xii). He received reports from many sources, especially from Arlington Hall, which deciphered Japanese codes (MAGIC), but he preferred the more imaginative reports he received from William (Wild Bill) Donovan, head of the Office of War Information [OWI] and its successor, OSS. Over the years he defended Donovan from his many attackers, even after the Vessel fiasco (false reports from the Vatican), but never brought him into his inner circle of decision makers (p. 329). Persico considers FDR's support of OSS, which paved the way to the CIA, as one of the president's greatest accomplishments—"FDR built espionage into the structure of American government when he created OSS" (p. 450).

Analysis of Recent Post Irradiation Tests by Japanese and French Burnup Analysis Code Systems

Benchmark problem based on Japanese Post Irradiation Experiment (PIE) data was analyzed by Japanese burnup analysis code and French one under the cooperative research program between the Japanese University Association (JUA) in Japan and Commissariat a l’Enegie Atomique (CEA) in France. Significant discrepancies over 10% were found between the Japanese and French results for 238Pu, 243Am, 244Cm, 125Sb, l54Eu, 134Cs and l44Ce. It is supposed that the difference of C/E for 243Am and 244Cm between Japanese results and French ones is due to the (n,gamma) reaction of 242mAm. For 125Sb and 154Eu, the C/E values are improved by using new cross section and fission yield libraries.

Flaw evaluation of Japanese carbon steel piping by load curve approach

New simplified flaw evaluation method, ‘load curve approach’ was developed to evaluate the fracture load of circumferentially surface-cracked pipe. This approach has the same functions with the current two-criteria approach. Fracture stress and fracture criteria are easily estimated by two load curves based on elastic–plastic fracture mechanics and plastic collapse. Fracture analysis was conducted for Japanese carbon steel piping using this approach. The approach showed the dependency of flaw geometry and pipe diameter on pipe fracture. Z-factors were calculated from this approach and compared with Z-factors by ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code, Section XI (ASME-XI) and Japanese Code. It is shown that Z-factors by the load curve approach can improve the conservativeness in the estimation of pipe fracture load.

CODEBREAKING WITH IBM MACHINES IN WORLD WAR II

Standard IBM punchcard machines, supplemented by a number of ingenious add-on units developed by U. S. Army and Navy cryptanalysts, played a crucial role in the breaking of Japanese naval and military codes and German and Soviet diplomatic codes during World War II

NIIDA Noboru, IKEDA On(eds), T^^orei-sh^^ui-ho Fu T^^onichi-ry^^orei Taish^^o-ichiran(The T^^orei Sh^^uiho with Concordance between Chinese and Japanese Codes), Tokyo, 1997.

NIIDA Noboru, IKEDA On(eds), T^^orei-sh^^ui-ho Fu T^^onichi-ry^^orei Taish^^o-ichiran(The T^^orei Sh^^uiho with Concordance between Chinese and Japanese Codes), Tokyo, 1997.

CLOSING THE BOOK ON PEARL HARBOR

ABSTRACT Recent attempts to resuscitate well-worn conspiracy theories concerning the Pearl Harbor attack are based on selective reading of documentary evidence and ignore conclusive, recently declassified materials which show that JN-25 and other Japanese naval codes were not being read by U. S. Navy codebreakers prior to the Japanese attack.

New evidence on breaking the Japanese army codes

New evidence on breaking the Japanese army codes