Japanese Cedar Powder Research Articles

Effect of Particle Size on Thermal Flow of Japanese Cedar Powder Combined with Sucrose and Citric Acid

Effect of Particle Size on Thermal Flow of Japanese Cedar Powder Combined with Sucrose and Citric Acid

Characteristic Analysis of Japanese Cedar Powder from Vibration Mill with Ring Media Pulverization Using Solid State NMR

Characteristic Analysis of Japanese Cedar Powder from Vibration Mill with Ring Media Pulverization Using Solid State NMR

Investigation of enzymatic digestibility mechanism in Japanese cedar powder agglomerations from vibration milling with ring media pulverization

Investigation of enzymatic digestibility mechanism in Japanese cedar powder agglomerations from vibration milling with ring media pulverization

Study on reduction of lignin in Japanese cedar powder by ozone treatment

Study on reduction of lignin in Japanese cedar powder by ozone treatment

Oxidation of Woody Biomass Dissolved in Ionic Liquids By a Platina-Loaded Titanium Dioxide Electrode

Woody biomass is uneatable and plentiful material which is expected to be a new energy resource instead of fossil fuel. Combustion power generation systems which use gasified biomass or intact biomass are generally operated, but their energy conversion efficiency is low because of heat loss. Recently extraction of electricity as electrochemical oxidation is drawing an attention, which has one simple merit that its energy conversion efficiency is high. However, woody biomass has complex structure and that is not soluble in conventional solvents at room temperature. If there are solvents which dissolve woody biomass, we can expect its effective oxidation and electrochemical oxidation. We focused on the new solvents, ionic liquids. Recently it is reported that some ionic liquids can dissolve cellulose or lignin on comparatively mild conditions [1]. We have also reported some ionic liquids that can dissolve and extract cellulose or lignin at room temperature. Especially tetra-n-butylphosphonium hydroxide (TBPH) containing water can dissolve woody biomass itself [2]. It is known that a platina-loaded titanium dioxide (Pt-TiO2) electrode can catalyse the oxidation of glucose in alkali aqueous solutions [3]. Therefore the effective energy conversion of cellulose is expected by using the Pt-TiO2 electrode in ionic liquids. In this study, we have been investigated the direct electrochemical oxidation of compounds included in the biomass and biomass itself in ionic liquids using the Pt-TiO2 electrode. First, we focused on the cellulose which is one of the main components in the woody biomass. Four ionic liquids, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium methylphosphonate ([C2mim][(MeO)(H)(PO2)]), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C4mim][C3COO]), 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium hydroxide containing 60 wt% water ([C4mpyrr]OH), and TBPH containing 40 wt% water were chosen to be used as solvents for cellulose. [C2mim][(MeO)(H)(PO2)] and [C4mim][C3COO] were used in the non- hydrated state while the other ionic liquids were used in hydrated state. All of these can dissolve the cellulose at room temperature. 1 wt% cellulose was added to each ionic liquid and the solubility was visually confirmed. The Pt-TiO2 electrode was prepared based on the previous report [3]. Electrochemical measurements were conducted in each solution. Oxidation current was measured by cyclic voltammetry (WE: Pt-TiO2 electrode, CE: Pt wire, RE: Ag/AgCl/NaCl (3M)). The oxidation current was observed only in the presence of the cellulose dissolved in TBPH. It indicates that cellulose was oxidised by the Pt-TiO2 electrode in TBPH. TBPH was selected as a solvent for the following experiments. High performance ionic liquid chromatography (HPILC), which was developed by our laboratory, is one of the liquid chromatography using ionic liquid as a developing solvent. The influence of cyclic voltammmetry measurement on the molecular weight of the cellulose was analyzed using HPILC. As results, the sharp peak of the cellulose having high molecular weight reduced and the broad peak of the cellulose having low molecular appeared (Fig. 1). This suggests that high molecular weight cellulose was decomposed by the cyclic voltammetry measurement. Xylan and lignin were also main components of the woody biomass. The similar investigations were conducted to that of cellulose, next. The oxidation current was observed only in the xylan dissolved in TBPH but not in the lignin dissolved in TBPH. The results indicate that xylan can be electrochemically oxidized in TBPH but lignin cannot be electrochemically oxidized. Finally, we tried to electrochemically oxidize the Japanese cedar powder as a model of real biomass. The oxidation current was detected using the TBPH solution of the Japanese cedar powder. The cellulose and the xylan contained in the Japanese cedar powder could be oxidized. Figure 1

Extraction of Polysaccharides from Japanese Cedar Using Phosphonate-Derived Polar Ionic Liquids Having Functional Groups

Abstract Extraction of polysaccharides from Japanese cedar using ionic liquids has been demonstrated. To this aim, eleven types of phosphonate ionic liquids have been synthesized, their properties investigated, and applied to biomass processing. All ionic liquids prepared display strong hydrogen-bonding characteristics of Kamlet–Taft parameters (β > 1.1) which enabled the effective extraction of polysaccharides from Japanese cedar. In particular, 15 wt % of polysaccharides was extracted from Japanese cedar powder using 1-(3-methoxypropyl)-3-methylimidazolium ethyl ethylphosphonate. Since the ionic liquid is easily prepared using conventional reagents and might be applicable to large-scale reactions, it is expected that practical polysaccharide extraction using the ionic liquid might be possible from a wide variety of biomass resources.

高温発酵性酵母<i>Schizosaccharomyces japonicus</i> SS4-5 株を用いた杉微粉砕物からの同時糖化発酵による バイオエタノールの生成

本研究は杉微粉末からの同時糖化発酵によるバイオエタノール製造に関するものである。振動型粉砕機ダンデムリングミルにより粉砕した杉微粉末は，酵素糖化において効率的に糖に変換できる。杉微粉末と高温発酵性酵母Schizosaccharomyces japonicus SS4-5 を用いた40℃での同時糖化発酵ではエタノールの生成が阻害された。そこで，高温条件下で効率的にエタノール生成が行えるように改良するためにSS4-5株の細胞をUV処理に供与した。変異処理の結果，高温条件下で安定してエタノール生成が可能な変異株SS4-5SP株を取得した。SS4-5SP株を用いた40℃での同時糖化発酵ではエタノール生成とエタノール収率は51.11 g/Lと81.81％であった。SS4-5SP株を用いた同時糖化発酵により高効率のエタノール生成が実現できる。

杉微粉砕物の酵素糖化に及ぼすリン脂質ポリマーの影響

杉微粉砕物の酵素糖化に及ぼすリン脂質ポリマーの影響

Effect of agitation speed on enzymatic saccharification of dry-pulverized lignocellulosic biomass

A vibration mill using cog-ring media, called a “tandem-ring mill”, was developed to achieve high-impact pulverization of lignocellulosic biomass for producing bio-ethanol. Instead of the ball medium in a conventional vibration mill, it has a cog-ring medium. Japanese cedar powder pulverized by the tandem-ring mill in a dry condition was pulverized to 20 μm particle diameter and 13% crystallinity index. Saccharification efficiency in enzymatic saccharification of Japanese cedar powder of greater than 70% was reached based on holocellulose. The Japanese cedar powder pulverized using the tandem-ring mill is suitable for bioethanol production. For this study, the Japanese cedar powder was prepared using a two-batch-type tandem ring mill in 60 min pulverization. Then, the agitation speed effect on Japanese cedar powder pulverization for enzymatic saccharification was investigated. Results show that the enzymatic saccharification efficiency of pulverized Japanese cedar powder increased continuously with decreasing agitation speed until 30 rpm. The best yields of 77% at 1 L and 75% at 3 L were obtained at 30 rpm agitation. The pulverized Japanese cedar powder produced by the tandem-ring mill was useful for enzymatic saccharification. Moreover, low agitation speed for saccharification of Japanese cedar powder pulverized by the tandem-ring mill might provide high saccharification efficiency.

Effect of Agitation Condition on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pulverized Japanese Cedar Powder

Effect of Agitation Condition on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pulverized Japanese Cedar Powder

B123 スギ微粉末を用いた酵素糖化反応に及ぼす撹拌速度の影響の検討(OS3 バイオマス・新燃料・環境技術(3))

B123 スギ微粉末を用いた酵素糖化反応に及ぼす撹拌速度の影響の検討(OS3 バイオマス・新燃料・環境技術(3))

木質系バイオマス微粉砕のための歯車型粉砕媒体利用粉砕機の研究開発(熱工学,内燃機関,動力など)

In this study, a vibration mill using cog-disk mediums, which replaces the ball medium with a cog-disk medium in conventional vibration mill, was developed to achieve high-impact pulverizing in order to attain effective pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for producing the bio-ethanol as renewable energy. Pulverization of Japanese cedar and enzymatic hydrolysis of pulverization powder were carried out to evaluate the vibration mill using cog-disk mediums. As the results, the vibration mill using cog-disk mediums pulverized submillimeter particles of Japanese cedar powder into micron particles. Also the crystallinity of pulverization powder was simultaneously decreased during pulverization. Then saccaharification efficiency of holocellulose was reached over 70% in enzymatic hydrolysis of pulverization powder at pulverizing time of 60 min. This pulverization shortened the amount pulverizing time fifth to make high saccharification capability powder comparing with the conventional vibration ball mill. Therefore this vibration mill using cog-disk medium had better pulverization efficiency for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.

エネルギー集中型高速・高純度ミルの基本性能

The milling and mechanical alloying (MA) performances of a new high energy ball mill with functions of the powder layer formation onto inner wall of revolving vessel and the intensive impact of medium ball on the layer were studied. The high intensive mill is capable to decrease of powder size under 5 μm at 1.8 ks of treatment time for glass, bottom ash and tourmaline, and at 7.2 ks for Japanese cedar powder. In Ni-Al system, crystallite size of Ni (111) was dramatically decreased under 18 nm within 14.4 ks of milling, and further milling led to the formation of Ni3Al at 180 ks of treatment time. In this study, we develop the performance of this high intensive mill for milling, mechanical alloying and mechanochemical synthesis, which permit us to obtain higher rate of collection and lower impurity concentration of treated powders.

Pore characteristics of charcoal materials prepared from wood impregnated with phenol-formaldehyde resin

Pore characteristics of charcoal materials prepared by carbonizing and activating a Japanese cedar powder impregnated with a low molecular weight phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin were compared with those of non-impregnated wood. When the PF resin-impregnated wood was carbonized, the carbonized sample showed a clear molecular sieving effect, and, at the micrometer scale, the structure that originated from wood cell walls was maintained because PF resin covered or penetrated into the wood texture in the precursor. This charcoal material differing from the charcoal material of non-impregnated wood is expected to be applicable as a molecular sieving carbon.