Japan Advanced Institute Of Science And Technology Research Articles

Designing algorithms for commodities transportation on a planar graph modelling a map

Algorithms hold great potential for solving real-world challenges. Dr Tetsuo Asano, Kanazawa University, Japan, is a computer scientist with more than 40 years experience in the field of computational geometry. He is also a former president of the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST). Asano is interested in using computational geometry to describe solutions in terms of geometry. His present research looks to propose a new framework for solving a transportation problem. Each node may have supplies of some commodities and/or demands of some other commodities. He is exploring whether there is a specific set of trips that can be made by vehicles available at all nodes to meet all demands in an efficient way. Traditionally, an important consideration is finding the most economical way to visit nodes. Asano's work is novel as it uses many vehicles instead of just one. Additionally, each vehicle only travels between neighbours. Mathematical induction is key to Asano's work, enabling him to confirm that a given algorithm works correctly. To date, the researchers have been able to obtain some reasonably fast algorithms if a network contains one cycle but the team is keen to solve the problem in general terms. Next, Asano and the team plan to extend the idea behind the project to an efficient algorithm for finding a schedule for sending vehicles in two or more steps to meet all demands.

Convergence of Liquid Metal Biotechnologies for Our Health

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTConvergence of Liquid Metal Biotechnologies for Our HealthEijiro Miyako*Eijiro MiyakoGraduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), 1-1 Asahidai, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan*E-mail: [email protected]More by Eijiro MiyakoView Biographyhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1157-6174Cite this: Acc. Mater. Res. 2021, 2, 10, 858–862Publication Date (Web):September 9, 2021Publication History Received10 June 2021Published online9 September 2021Published inissue 22 October 2021https://doi.org/10.1021/accountsmr.1c00126Copyright © 2021 Accounts of Materials Research. Co-published by ShanghaiTech University and American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views644Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Cancer therapy,Biocompatibility,Nanoparticles,Biomaterials,Biotechnology Get e-Alerts

Preface

We are honored to introduce the Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Informatics, Engineering, Science, and Technology (INCITEST 2021). With its main theme on “A Future Road Map, Encouraging Optimism and Technology to Face Post Covid-19 Era”, this event is hoped to serve as a platform of gathering for anyone interested in exploring optimism, potential solutions, and answering issues and challenges in the era Covid-19 Pandemic”. Unlike the 1st and 2nd INCITEST, the 3rd and 4th INCITEST was carried out in the virtual conference due to the impact of COVID-19. Universitas Komputer Indonesia (UNIKOM) held this online conference on 10 March 2021 to gather experts and scholars worldwide to continue disseminating the latest advanced research in the field of Informatics, Engineering, Science, and Technology and developing the academic exchange among researchers.Following the success of INCITEST 2018, 2019, and 2020, the enthusiastic responses to the call-for-papers in the fourth INCITEST were increasing. More than 150 papers were submitted to the organizing committee from both local and foreign participants. A peer-review process has been conducted to check paper originality and quality, resulting in 120 accepted papers being presented. The papers have been presented via Zoom in 10 minutes for each paper.It is an honor for us to have four renowned experts as our keynote speakers : Prof. Minoru Terano and Prof. Hiroyuki Iida from Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Dr. Siva Kumar Sivaneshan from Taylor’s University, and Dr. Salmon Priadji Martana from UNIKOM. The keynote speech is presented in the plenary session in online format (via Zoom) and lively broadcasted on UNIKOM Youtube official channel. Each keynote presented their address in 45 minutes duration, including the discussion session. After completing the plenary session, the schedule continued with a parallel session held in an online format. The participants were divided into several classes, which a moderator chaired. Each presenter should present their paper within 5 minutes via Zoom. Five minutes after the presentation will be given to each of them for the discussion session.List of Committees of Incitest 2021 are available in pdf.

Preface

It is great honor and pleasure to bring you this collection of articles from the second International Symposium on Materials and Electrical Engineering (ISMEE). The symposium was hosted by the Department of Electrical Engineering Education, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia and co-organized by Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Japan, and IEEE UPI Student Branch. It can be used as a scientific forum for accommodating discussion among researchers in the field of materials and electrical engineering, and engineering education. This symposium was held in the Grand Tjokro Hotel Bandung - Indonesia, July 17th, 2019.We would like to express our gratitude to all keynote and invited speakers from overseas who travelled to our country to deliver and exchange their ideas. Our appreciation also goes to all the committee members who have worked hard to make this event possible.List of The Editors, LIST OF COMMITTEE, CONFERENCE PHOTOGRAPH are available in this pdf.

First-Principles Study on Li-Ion Desolvation Process in Electrode-Electrolyte Interface

Introduction Si-based anode materials have received a great deal of attention due to their higher capacity for lithium-ion rechargeable batteries. Many research efforts have been made to solve the issue of high modulus of volume change of the materials in their conversion reactions with Li, because it causes low endurance of the Si-based materials for charge-discharge cycle. Toward the commercialization of the materials, detailed investigations and profound understanding of electrochemical reactions in the interface between Si-based anode and electrolyte are also indispensable for realization of higher charging rate of the materials, which is generally important especially in case of application of high-capacity electrode materials like Si-based anode materials. In this study, we focused on a Li-ion desolvation process, one of the factors affecting the charging rate through interface resistances. The key in establishing a technology for suppressing the interface resistances is a molecular-level understanding of how activation free energies of Li-ion deposition processes correlate with anode-electrolyte interface structures and solvation structures of Li ions. Therefore, we investigated the details of the Li-ion desolvation process in an electrode-electrolyte interface by adopting large-scale first-principles (FP) molecular dynamics (MD) with a bias control scheme. Methodology The FPMD calculation was carried out with an electrode-electrolyte interface model consisting of a hydrogen-terminated Si(111) slab, propylene carbonate (PC) molecules on it and one Li atom under the periodic boundary conditions (see Fig.). The FP calculation code OpenMX[1] was applied to our calculation and analysis. The DFT calculation was implemented with O(N) (linear-scaling) method based on the Krylov-subspace method [2]. The O(N)-DFT calculation was performed using a generalized gradient approximation (GGA-PBE) and norm-conserving type pseudopotentials. For imposing the bias corresponding to the charging condition on the anode-electrolyte interface, the effective screening medium (ESM) method [3,4] was used. The MD calculation was carried out in an NVT ensemble at 400 K. The free-energy analysis was carried out based on the blue-moon ensemble method. The free-energy profile of the Li-ion adsorption process was obtained by integrating the mean force onto the Li ion in the z-direction. The mean forces on the Li ion were calculated at different 10 z-coordinates. At each point, the MD calculation was carried out with constraining the z-coordinate of the Li ion for about 10 ps to obtain the time average. Results and Discussion From our blue-moon ensemble calculations for two different imposed biases (no imposed bias and 0.2 V), we obtained the free-energy profiles as a function of the reaction coordinate of the Li deposition (the z-coordinate of the Li atom). According to our analysis on the coordination number of the Li ion as a function of the z-coordinate of Li, the number of the PC molecules solvating the Li ion approaching the anode surface decreases after the Li ion goes through the energy barrier, indicating that the energy barriers found in the free-energy profiles are the ones for the Li-ion desolvation process. The activation energy for the case of no imposed bias was found to be 0.5 eV, which decreases by 0.2 eV compared with the imposed bias corresponding to the charging condition. Our calculated activation energies are within the range of the experimentally observed values. Details of the mechanism of the Li-ion desolvation and the transition-state structure of the Li-PC complex will be discussed in our presentation. Acknowledgements This study was supported by the Strategic Programs for Innovative Research (SPIRE), MEXT, and the Computational Materials Science Initiative (CMSI), Japan. The computation in this work was performed using the K computer at the Advanced Institute for Computational Science, RIKEN, and the XC30 machine at the Research Center for Advanced Computing Infrastructure, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST).

Erratum: “Electronic Structures of Single Component Molecular Metals Based on Ab initio Calculation” [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 77, 024702 (2008)

1Research Institute for Computational Sciences (RICS), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8568, Japan 2Research Center for Integrated Science (RCIS), Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan 3Creative Research Initiative “Sousei” (CRIS), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan 4Department of Chemistry, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8550, Japan

Knowledge sharing practices among doctoral students in JAIST to enhance research skills

This study reports an exploratory investigation of knowledge sharing (KS) practices of doctoral students in Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) to enhance research skills. It examines KS concepts, reasons for sharing knowledge, types of knowledge that the doctoral students share with each other, level of agreements on how KS supports the research process and what factors should be considered while sharing knowledge among others. It also explores the barriers of KS among JAIST doctoral students, the suggestions how those KS barriers can be overcome and some recommendations by which research activities can be promoted through sharing knowledge. This study includes both qualitative and quantitative approaches. We conducted face-to-face interviews of 29 doctoral students of three graduate schools of JAIST. The findings confirm that the doctoral students held highly positive perceptions about sharing knowledge with each other, and most of them believe that KS can enhance and promote research skills. Therefore, the findings would be beneficial for all students of three graduate schools of JAIST for further enhancement and encouragement of KS among them.

English Language Development in JAIST Japan

Japan is a country in which the mother tongue is sacred. However, globalization has made English language increasingly important in Japanese higher education institutions. In support of globalization, the Japan Ministry of Education has introduced “Global 30” and Gendai Programs. Henceforth, there is development of English language in Japanese higher education institutions. As our preliminary research, we analyze the approach taken by Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST) to develop an English language program. We choose JAIST because they are the leader for internationalizing an educational program in advanced science and technology in Japan particularly for postgraduate studies. The findings show that JAIST leaders first emphasize contribution to the advancement of world science, in accordance with rapid internationalization since the 1990s. The contribution is the continuous development of English programs for science and technology. Second, they cultivate potential scientists by acceptance of foreigners as students, postgraduates and faculty members; collaboration with visiting researchers; agreements on academic exchanges with foreign universities and institutes; and holding international symposia. These steps further create an internationalized environment in JAIST. These two approaches lead to the continuous development of English language programs in JAIST. Hence, there is integration of Japan’s science and technology in internationalization.

Knowledge management and knowledge creation in academia: a study based on surveys in a Japanese research university

PurposeThis study aims to pose one major research question, i.e. why and how to use knowledge management methods in order to enhance knowledge creation in academia – at universities and research institutes?Design/methodology/approachThe paper defines KM in academia as any systematic activity related to support and enhancement of the creation of scientific knowledge and achievement of research goals, including both social process and relevant computer technology tools. Two surveys and case studies were carried out to achieve the research purpose at Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST). The first survey focused on knowledge management in academia and investigated the current KM situations, special and diverse requirements from researchers. The second survey concentrated on supporting the creative processes of academic research and investigated which aspects of knowledge creation processes should be supported in particular. Based on survey findings, the practical solutions are further presented aimed to improve the creative environment for scientific knowledge creation.FindingsThe findings from the first survey showed that the KM obstacles reflected on various aspects: technological support, the people involved in creation activities, laboratory cultural, and so on. The seven most critical questions and three most important questions were evaluated by responders with respect to academic knowledge creation process in the second survey.Research limitations/implicationsThe study advances the belief that knowledge management (KM) is applicable not only in industrial and market organizations, but also in academia.Practical implicationsWith respect to the survey results, it is suggested that a creative environment in academia should be enhanced from both “soft” and “hard” aspects under the guidelines of a systems thinking framework for KM in scientific labs. From the soft side, by using personalization strategies, a knowledge‐sharing culture has to be built in labs to facilitate scientific communication, debate and team work. From the hard side, by using technology strategies, a practical example is presented in JAIST concerning the implementation of the hard aspect of creative environment. It is hoped that the research can launch further debate and prompt practical steps to help research institutes or universities improve their management and increase the research efficiency.Originality/valueAn essential point is that the study is based on the feedback from knowledge creators in a typical knowledge creation organization, which makes the analyses and conclusions more comprehensive and persuasive from both the theoretical and practical points of view. The research not only explores some hidden or tacit problems existing in academic knowledge management and scientific knowledge creation, but also proposes solutions for scientific knowledge creation that were found to be valuable by university management.

Knowledge management in academia: survey, analysis and perspective

Research on knowledge management in academia has become a hot issue and a promising research area. Most research, however, has focused on general educational organisations, such as high schools and universities. This paper concentrates on understanding the problems of knowledge creators per se instead of the general student population, as disclosed by a survey of the scientific knowledge management and creation process at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST). By using comparison, classification, cross tabulation, and other analysis methods, some subtle issues and hidden problems have been discovered in this survey, such as the unevenness of technical support among different schools, ignorance of cooperation as one source of knowledge, different requirements of foreign and Japanese researchers, and so on. Along with these findings, we also present our corresponding analysis and suggestions for more effective knowledge management and better creativity support, and some perspectives and future research directions in this field.

Synthesis and Polyaddition Reaction of Optically Active Methylphenylpropargylsilane

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis and Polyaddition Reaction of Optically Active MethylphenylpropargylsilaneYusuke Kawakami, Kimitaka Nakao, Satoshi Shinke, and Ichiro ImaeView Author Information Graduate School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Asahidai 1-1, Tatsunokuchi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 1999, 32, 20, 6874–6876Publication Date (Web):September 8, 1999Publication History Received13 April 1999Revised22 July 1999Published online8 September 1999Published inissue 1 October 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9905730Copyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (92 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Polymerization,Polymers,Redox reactions,Silicon,Stereochemistry Get e-Alerts