Jamar Dynamometer Research Articles

The Effect of the Powerball Gyroscope as a Treatment Device for Nonspecific Wrist Pain

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of using the Powerball gyroscope as a treatment device on pain and change in endurance in nonspecific wrist pain. MethodsThis study was a within-participants pre- and postintervention study consisting of 40 participants between ages 18 and 35 with an equal male-to-female ratio. The participants used the Powerball gyroscope for 5 minutes per treatment session. Treatment comprised 12 sessions carried out 3 × per week over a 4-week period. Participants completed objective and subjective data before the first, seventh, and 12th sessions. Objective data were recorded using the Jamar dynamometer to measure grip strength. Subjective data were gathered using the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation Questionnaire. Participants then used the Powerball gyroscope in the hand with the affected wrist. The Wilcoxon signed rank test and 1-way repeated-measures analysis of variance were used to analyze the changes. ResultsA significant decrease in pain was noted throughout the study, but the most significant changes occurred between the seventh and 12th treatment sessions (P < .01). A significant increase in grip strength was also noted throughout the study, with the greater increase in grip strength occurring during the first 7 treatments (P < .02). ConclusionThe Powerball gyroscope showed a change in outcome regarding nonspecific wrist pain and grip strength.

A Study on The Effects of the Absence of Palmaris Longus Tendon on Handgrip Strength of Athletes

The study aims to find out the incidence of the absence of palmaris longus tendon and to study the effects of the case on handgrip strength of athletes. We studied whether 190 athletes (male n= 80, mean age: 18.9� 2.2; female n= 110, mean age: 18.5� 1.2) included in our study had palmaris longus tendon or not. Then, the handgrip strength values of the athletes were obtained by using a Jamar dynamometer, according to the recommendations of the American Association of Hand Therapists. Total number of participants having no palmaris longus tendon was 59 (31.05%) and it was observed that 37(19.47%) of these individuals didn�t have the tendon in both hands. The number of participants with unilateral tendon absence was 22 (11.5%). The tendon was absent in right hand of 10 individuals (5.26%) and in left hand of 12 individuals (6.31%). After controlling age, height, body weight and body mass index variables of the groups, it was observed that the presence or the absence of palmaris longus tendon in both hands of male athletes didn�t cause any statistical effects on handgrip strength of the athletes. However, left handgrip strength of female athletes with palmaris longus tendon in left hand was found to be higher than left handgrip strength of female athletes with no palmaris longus tendon (p[.01). According to the findings of the study, we might state that the presence or the absence of palmaris longus tendon does not cause a significant effect on handgrip strength of both hands of male athletes (p].05) and that its presence causes a significant effect on left handgrip strength of female athletes (p[.01).

The effects of GAMotion (a giant exercising board game) on physical capacity, motivation and quality of life among nursing home residents: A pilot interventional study.

In 2017, our team highlighted promising results of a giant exercising board game on physical activity level and a broader array of physical and psychological outcomes among nursing home residents. However, some improvements of this game were needed to make it more suitable for nursing homes and more challenging in terms of exercises. Therefore, we decided to develop a new version of a giant exercising board game: the GAMotion. The primary objective of this pilot study was to assess the impact of the GAMotion on physical capacity among nursing home residents. The secondary aims were to assess the impact of the GAMotion on motivation and quality of life in this population. A one-month pilot interventional study was performed in two comparable nursing homes. Eleven participants meeting the inclusion criteria took part in the intervention in one nursing home, whereas 10 participants were assigned to the control group in the other institution. The GAMotion required participants to perform strength, flexibility, balance and endurance activities. The assistance provided by an exercising specialist decreased gradually during the intervention in an autonomy-oriented approach based on the self-determination theory. Physical capacity (i.e. fall risk using Tinetti test; dynamic balance using Timed Up and Go test (TUG); physical abilities using SPPB test; grip strength using Jamar dynamometer; isometric lower limb muscle strength using MicroFET2 and quantitative evaluation of walking using Locometrix), motivation (i.e. using Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire-2) and quality of life (i.e. using EQ-5D questionnaire) were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. A two-way repeated-measure analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess time*group (intervention vs. control group) effects. All the analyses were adjusted on age, which differed significantly between the 2 groups at baseline. During the intervention period, the experimental group displayed a greater improvement in Tinetti score (p<0.0001), TUG (p=0.02), SPPB (p<0.0001), knee extensor isometric strength (p=0.04), grip strength (p=0.02), symmetry of steps (p=0.04), 3 domains of the EQ-5D (i.e. mobility, self-care, usual activities: p<0.0001) and intrinsic motivation (p=0.02) compared to the control group. No significant improvement was demonstrated on the other parameters. These promising results should be interpreted with caution because of certain limitations (e.g. small sample size, no blind assessment). Further investigation is required to confirm and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the GAMotion in nursing homes.

MON-588 Anthropometric Parameters, Body Fat Percentage and Metabolic Profile in Sarcopenic Women with Recommendation for Bariatric Surgery

INTRODUCTION: Sarcopenia (SARC) is a musculoskeletal disorder that predisposes several complications, including metabolic ones. Obesity also provides higher risk for metabolic complications, however, there is lack of evidences regarding the association of obesity with SARC on metabolic parameters in non-elderly individuals. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate anthropometric parameters, body fat percentage (BFP) and metabolic parameters in women with and without SARC preceding Bariatric Surgery (BS). METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 60 obese women in the outpatient care in a public Brazilian University Hospital between March to September 2018. Body composition was given by bio-impedance (inbody-370), multifrequency (5, 50, 250Hz) with 12 hours fasting, dominant Handgrip Strength (HS) was evaluated by Jamar dynamometer (3 measurements; 30 sec interval). Were also evaluated fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). SARC was defined by the association of a low muscle mass index (weight-adjusted appendicular skeletal muscle mass: ASMM/weight x 100%) and decreased HS, using as cutoff points the smallest quintile for each variable. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and independent t-test was used for comparison between groups. Statistics were made by SPSS software, 20th version (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). RESULTS: The mean age, weight, body mass index and BFP of sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic women were: 40.75 ± 11 x 39.23 ± 8.92 years old (p=0.665), 102.93 ± 9.58 x 109.19 ± 14.25 Kg (p=0.237), 44.88 ± 2.7 x 42.24 ± 4.79 Kg/m2 and 54.12 ± 1.11 x 51.44 ± 3.43% (p=0.052), respectively. Regarding the laboratory parameters of women with and without SARC: fasting blood glucose 89.25 ± 14.48 x 98.40 ± 27.48 mg/dL (p=0.359), HbA1c 5.83 ± 0.33 x 6.21 ± 1.18% (p=0.185), HOMA-IR 3.61 ± 1.28 x 5.31 ± 4.74 (p=0.160), TC 170.87 ± 39.36 x 180.82 ± 34.51 mg/dL, LDL 94.67 ± 26.63 x 105.60 ± 30.85 mg/dL, HDL 53.37 ± 18.50 x 50.84 ± 10.32 mg/dL, triglycerides 114.12 ± 38.84 x 127.30 ± 75.04 mg/dL and hs-CRP 8.51 ± 6.50 x 7.51 ±6.52 mg/L (p=0.792). CONCLUSION: Women with SARC and recommendation for BS when compared to women without SARC had similar anthropometric, metabolic and BFP parameters.

Comparison of the Jamar dynamometer and the Martin vigorimeter for grip strength measurements in a healthy elderly population.

Grip strength is considered to be a good indicator of upper limb strength. The Jamar dynamometer and the Martin vigorimeter are two instruments frequently used to assess grip strength in clinical and research settings. The purpose of this study was to compare these instruments for assessing grip strength in 360 people aged 60 to 94 years, randomly selected from the electoral list. Anthropometric data were also collected. Data analyses were done using the maximum value on 3 trials with each instrument. Although the Martin vigorimeter is a pressure measure implying a dynamic movement as opposed to the static strength measure of the Jamar dynamometer, results indicate a very high correlation between the two measures. Grip strength measured by the Jamar dynamometer is even more dependent on hand anthropometry than measurements with the Martin vigorimeter.

Better pulmonary function is associated with greater handgrip strength in a healthy Chinese Han population

BackgroundHandgrip strength (HGS) has been widely studied in clinical and epidemiological settings, but the relationship between HGS and pulmonary function is still controversial. This study analysed pulmonary function and HGS stratified by sex and age in a healthy Chinese Han population, as well as the associations between HGS and pulmonary function parameters.MethodsHGS was measured by a Jamar dynamometer and pulmonary function was tested using a portable spirometer. Frequencies and variables are presented as percentages and means ± standard deviations, respectively. Chi-square tests were used for comparisons of categorical variables, and Student’s t-tests or Mann–Whitney U-tests were used for continuous variables. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to analyse the normally distributed variables, and Spearman correlation coefficients were used to analyse the non-normally distributed variables. Multivariate linear regression models were employed to explore the relationships between HGS and parameters of pulmonary function. The statistical significance was set at p < 0.01.ResultsCross-sectional data were available for 1519 subjects (59.0% females, 57.9 ± 13.3 years old). Males had higher average HGS than females (40.2 vs. 25.0 kg, p < 0.01), as well as better pulmonary function. Both HGS and pulmonary function parameters were significantly inversely correlated with age (r ≤ − 0.30, p < 0.01). The maximum value of vital capacity (VC max), forced expiratory volume in 3 s (FEV 3) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were strongly correlated with HGS among the pulmonary function indices (r = 0.72, 0.70 and 0.69, respectively, p < 0.001). In the multivariate linear regression analysis, HGS and height were positively correlated, while age and pulse pressure were negatively correlated with HGS. In males, the FVC, VC max and FEV3 increased by 0.02 L, 0.023 L and 0.03 L in per 1 kg increase in HGS, respectively. The HGS coefficients for females were smaller than those for males.ConclusionsBoth pulmonary function and HGS were inversely correlated with age, and better pulmonary function was associated with greater handgrip strength.

Intrarater reliability test of the ISOmetric power device—A new instrument for assessment of isometric force in six directions of wrist motion

Study DesignDescriptive reliability study. IntroductionA well-functioning wrist requires sufficient range of motion accompanied by adequate strength in every movement and direction—factors that are not regularly measured simultaneously in patients with wrist problems today. The ISOmetric Power device (ISOP) is a new instrument that measures isometric wrist force in all six directions of motion, but its intrarater reliability in a healthy population has not yet been evaluated. Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of this study was to perform an intrarater reliability test of the ISOP in healthy participants. MethodsThirty-two healthy study participants (16 women/16 men; mean age 38.3 years; SD 6.5) were included. With a standardized testing protocol, the three planes of wrist motion— wrist flexion/extension, radial/ulnar deviation, pro/supination—were measured at one time interval (T1) and repeated after one week (T2). The results were analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). A paired-samples t-test was also performed to determine if a statistically significant difference (P < .05) existed between the first and the second test values. Measurements with Jamar Dynamometer were performed at both time intervals, for internal control of measurement intrarater reliability. ResultsExcellent correlations (ICC: 0.90-0.99) were found for all test-retests performed. The lowest value (ICC: 0.90) was seen for supination and the highest value (ICC: 0.99) for flexion of the left hand. No statistically significant differences were found in any of the pairs (P > .05) in terms of test-re-test, which additionally strengthen the correlation between the first and second test values. DiscussionContrary to the Jamar Dynamometer, the ISOP is not designed for measuring grip strength, but for assessing the isometric muscle force in flexion, extension, pronation, supination, and radial and ulnar deviation. A systematic review has reported a moderate to strong correlation between isometric strength and dynamic performances. Thus, the ISOP is a more complete and applicable instrument for evaluating the functional strength in different directions in the upper extremity. ConclusionsThe ISOmetric Power device shows excellent intrarater reliability and is proposed to be a possible valuable wrist strength assessment tool to aid in both diagnostics and outcome measures of wrist and upper extremity disorders.

Somatosensory impairments in patients with multiple sclerosis: association with dynamic postural control and upper extremity motor function

Purpose: We planned this study to bring attention to the somatosensory impairments in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) and to investigate relationship of somatosensory impairments with dynamic postural stability and upper extremity motor function.Methods: Seven males and 23 females, 30 patients with mean EDSS 2.9 (SD = 1.4), aged between 18 and 65 years (mean = 41.43 ± 14.90 years) were included in this clinical study. Light touch sensorial assessment was made with Semmes Weinstein monofilament test and proprioception by distal proprioception test. Hand strength was measured by the Jamar dynamometer, fine motor skill was examined with nine-hole peg test, functional reach test in sitting and standing position was applied. Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale (NEADLS) was used to measure everyday activities.Results: We found a negative and moderate correlation between FRT in standing and light touch of the middle of the heel (right: –0.515), metatarsal bone (right r: 0.453, left r: –0.426), and medial of the foot (right r: –0.462). There was a negative and moderate correlation between NEADLS and light touch of the metatarsal bone (right r: –0.564, left r: –0.472), medial of the foot (right r: –0.531, left r: –0.479), and lateral of the foot (right r: –0.526). We found a positive and moderate correlation between proprioception of the ankle (right r: 0.421 left r: 0.588) and NEADLS.Conclusions: We found impairment in light touch and proprioception and, associations between sensorial functions and dynamic postural stability in PwMS. Also impaired sensorial functions cause dependent patients in daily living activities. In the assessment of balance and falling risk, independency in daily living activities; foot light touch and proprioception sense should be taken into account, hence it may provide guidance in planning rehabilitation programmes.Abbreviations: MS: multiple sclerosis; PwMS: patients with multiple sclerosis; VAS: visual analogue scale; FRT: functional reach test; 9-HPT: Nine-hole peg test; EDSS: The Expanded Disability Status Scale; NEADLS: Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale

P68 Age-related muscle strength decline in mid-late life varies in men and women and is associated with diet and physical activity: observations from the Hertfordshire Cohort Study

Abstract Background In the context of an aging population, age-related decline in muscle strength is well recognised, and is associated with functional limitation and increased mortality. However, scarce epidemiological data are available regarding its prevalence, or lifestyle associations at a time when intervention is still possible to retard or prevent loss. We considered these issues in the Hertfordshire Cohort Study, a cohort of late-middle aged community dwelling adults. Methods 2,987 participants were seen in 1999-2004, 1,572 men and 1,415 women. A lifestyle questionnaire was administered that asked about social class, physical activity, diet, co-morbidities and cigarette and alcohol consumption. Grip strength was measured with a Jamar dynamometer, three times on each side with the highest value used. Age related muscle strength decline was defined, according to current convention, as a grip strength &amp;lt;30kg in men and &amp;lt;20 kg in women. Results The mean age of participants was 65.8 (IQR 63.5-67.8) years for men and 66.5 (IQR 64.5-68.7) years for women. Muscle strength decline was more common in women (10.3%) than men (3%); the odds ratio (OR) for age-related muscle strength decline was 3.73 (95%CI 2.66-5.23) in women relative to men (p &amp;lt; 0.001). Factors that appeared protective included higher physical activity scores in men (OR 0.97, 95%CI 0.96-0.99, p = 0.003) and in women (OR 0.97, 95%CI 0.96-0.98, p &amp;lt; 0.001) and a higher prudent diet score in women (OR: 0.74, 95%CI 0.60-0.90 p = 0.003). Muscle strength decline was strongly associated with quality of life in women (p ≤ 0.001) as assessed by SF36 and EuroQoL EQ-5D for all domains, although EuroQOL anxiety/depression and SF36 role emotional were less strongly associated (p-value=0.042, p-value=0.006, respectively). Table 1 shows self-reported impaired ability to move, self-care, perform usual activities and increased pain were associated with higher risk of age-related muscle strength decline in women. Conclusion Age related muscle strength decline was more common in community dwelling women than men, and diet and physical activity were predictors of such decline. Research into effective preventative interventions is now warranted. Disclosures J. Zhang None. F. Laskou None. K. Jameson None. C. Cooper None. E.M. Dennison None.

Validity and Responsiveness of Forearm Strength Measurements in the Evaluation of Distal Radioulnar Joint Implant Arthroplasty

To assess the responsiveness of forearm strength tests and to correlate the change to grip strength and a patient-reported outcome measure used for evaluation of distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) implant arthroplasty. We performed a retrospective review of 18 patients treated with Herbert (n= 12) and Scheker (n= 6) DRUJ implants. Patients who had undergone the various measurements of arm and grip strength both before surgery and after a minimum follow-up of 1 year were included. Our primary aim was to compare the responsiveness of grip strength with our new methods for measuring forearm torque and lifting strength. The secondary aim was to correlate observed changes in strength measurements to change in a patient-reported outcome measure with use of the patient-reported wrist evaluation (PRWE). Measurements of grip strength, forearm torque, and lifting strength were performed with the Jamar dynamometer and the Kern and Baseline instruments. Preoperative values were compared with 1-year values. Standardized response mean and effect size values were higher for forearm torque than for grip strength. Change in forearm torque and lifting strength had a moderate to strong correlation with change in PRWE. The correlation between grip strength and PRWE was weak. Forearm torque measurements were better than grip strength in detecting changes after DRUJ arthroplasty. It also had a stronger correlation to patient-reported outcome, measured with the PRWE. Forearm torque testing may add further information to the evaluation of DRUJ disorders and their treatments. These tests can provide quantifiable data on the patient's ability to perform various tasks requiring physical strength.

Maximum handgrip strength as a function of type of work and hand-forearm dimensions

Handgrip strength is a measurement of upper extremity functionality and an indicator of overall physical ability. The objective of this study was to compare maximum handgrip strength (MGS) between manual workers and office employees and to investigate if the expected difference is related to the anthropometric dimensions of the workers' hands and forearms. This was a cross-sectional study with a sample of 1740 male workers (905 light manual workers; and 835 office employees), aged 20-64 years. Maximum voluntary contractions were obtained using a JAMAR dynamometer according to the methodology proposed by the American Society of Hand Therapy (ASHT). The highest value obtained from three trials was considered as the MGS for each side. Six anthropometric dimensions (i.e., hand length, palm length, forearm length, hand breadth, wrist circumference and forearm circumference) were measured by digital caliper and tape measure. Maximum handgrip strength of light manual workers (52.7±8.5 kg) was significantly higher than that of office employees (47.3±8.4 kg) (p < 0.001). Maximum handgrip strength was positively correlated with Hand breadth (r = 0.781 for light manual workers and r = 0.766 for office employees; p < 0.001) and Forearm circumference (r = 0.741 for light manual workers and r = 0.752 for office employees; p < 0.001); the only dimensions which were significantly different between the two studied job groups. The results of this study revealed that light manual workers are approximately 12.4% stronger than office employees in terms of maximum handgrip force. It is therefore imperative to consider the observed differences in clinical, workstations, and hand tool designs in order to increase efficiency and comfort at work.

Swallowing dıfficulty and swallowing anxiety in patients with type-II diabetes mellitus.

Type-II Diabetes Mellitus (TII-DM) is the most common endocrine disorder in people who are over 65years of age. It leads to a decrease in muscle strength and impaired muscle coordination. Ageing and weakness cause swallowing difficulty (SD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between duration of disease, SD and swallowing anxiety (SA) in TII-DM patients. Prospective case-control study. A total of 103 elderly individuals (74 females and 29 males) participated in this study. Fifty-two elderly patients (aged 70.27 ± 4.65years) had a TII-DM and the duration of DM was 11.32 ± 10.03years (minimum: 0-40years). Fifty-one patients without diabetes mellitus (69.35 ± 3.58years) were included in the control group. SD was determined using the EAT-10 Questionnaire. SA was evaluated with the Swallowing Anxiety Scale developed in the Turkish population. Handgrip strength was evaluated with a Jamar dynamometer on the dominant side. There was a significant difference in SD (p : 0.042), SA (p : 0.001), and handgrip strength (p : 0.039) between groups. There was a relationship between SD and SA in the control and DM groups (r : 0.577; p : 0.000 and r : 0.663; p : 0.000, respectively). There was no relationship between the other parameters (age, SD, SA, and handgrip strength) in the control group (p < 0.05). There was a positive moderate relationship between SA and duration of disease in the TII-DM group (r : 0.472; p : 0.000). There was no relationship between other parameters (age, SD, SA, handgrip strength, and duration of disease) in the DM group (p < 0.05). In elderly individuals with TII-DM and without DM, there were differences in SD, SA, and handgrip strength. Although there was a relationship between SD and SA in both groups, this relationship was found to be higher in elderly patients with TII-DM. In addition, there was a relationship between the duration of diagnosis and SA. In elderly individuals, evaluating SD with SA was thought to be helpful in the prevention or early rehabilitation of swallowing disorders.

Investigation of reliability, validity, and cutoff value of the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test

Study DesignThis is a cross-sectional study. IntroductionThe Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test (JTHFT) evaluate the efficacy of treatment and assess a broad range of hand functions. Purpose of the StudyThe purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the JTHFT and to determine cutoff values. MethodsThe test-retest reliability was assessed by determining intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), the hypothesis testing validity was assessed by using Spearman rho coefficient, and the receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated to determine the cutoff values. We administered JTHFT, Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) and assessed grip strength with Jamar dynamometer. We included 162 healthy participants and 143 patients with hand injuries. ResultsThe JTHFT subtests and total score have a good to excellent test-retest reliability (except lifting large light object for dominant hand-ICC: 0.77) for both dominant and nondominant hand (ICCs = 0.84-0.97). There was a statistically significant, weak positive correlation between the JTHFT total score and DASH-T (r = 0.39, P < .001 for the injured hand; r = 0.35, P < .001 for the uninjured hand) and also statistically significant weak negative correlation between grip strength for injured hand and JTHFT total score for injured hand (r = −0.33; P < .001). The cutoff value of the total score was found to be 37.08 s for injured hand. Discussion and ConclusionJTHFT is a reliable and valid instrument. Clinicians and researchers may use this test with confidence to assess the dexterity of hand injury patients.

Machine-learning prediction of self-care activity by grip strengths of both hands in poststroke hemiplegia.

To investigate the relationships between grip strengths and self-care activities in stroke patients using a non-linear support vector machine (SVM).Overall, 177 inpatients with poststroke hemiparesis were enrolled. Their grip strengths were measured using the Jamar dynamometer on the first day of rehabilitation training. Self-care activities were assessed by therapists using Functional Independence Measure (FIM), including items for eating, grooming, dressing the upper body, dressing the lower body, and bathing at the time of discharge. When each FIM item score was ≥6 points, the subject was considered independent. One thousand bootstrap grip strength datasets for each independence and dependence in self-care activities were generated from the actual grip strength. Thereafter, we randomly assigned the total bootstrap datasets to 90% training and 10% testing datasets and inputted the bootstrap training data into a non-linear SVM. After training, we used the SVM algorithm to predict a testing dataset for cross-validation. This validation procedure was repeated 10 times.The SVM with grip strengths more accurately predicted independence or dependence in self-care activities than the chance level (mean ± standard deviation of accuracy rate: eating, 0.71 ± 0.04, P < .0001; grooming, 0.77 ± 0.03, P < .0001; upper-body dressing, 0.75 ± 0.03, P < .0001; lower-body dressing, 0.72 ± 0.05, P < .0001; bathing, 0.68 ± 0.03, P < .0001).Non-linear SVM based on grip strengths can prospectively predict self-care activities.

The study of the correlations between handgrip strength and some anthropometric characteristics of upper extremity of elite and sub-elite Olympic style weightlifting athletes

Background and Study Aim: Handgrip strength is widely used as a functionality parameter of the upper extremity and general health. The measurement of handgrip strength by dynamometry is a low cost, noninvasive method of simple applicability. The study aims to find out handgrip strength and its correlation with some anthropometric characteristics of the upper extremity and weightlifting performance of elite (international medalists) and sub-elite (national medalists) Olympic style weightlifting athletes. Material and Methods: We obtained anthropometric measurements of upper extremity of elite athletes (n=25 male, n= 20 female) and sub-elite athletes (n=25 male, n=29 female) in the study. Dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength measurements of the groups were obtained by a Jamar dynamometer, according to the recommendations of the American Association of Hand Therapists. Results:No statistically significant difference was observed in non-dominant handgrip strength of male elite and sub-elite weightlifting athletes. Similarly, no significant difference was observed in between some anthropometric characteristics of upper extremity and dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength of female elite and sub-elite weightlifting athletes. We didn’t find any asymmetry between dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength of study groups. We found a significant correlation between dominant and non-dominant handgrip strength of male and female elite athletes and their height, body weight, BMI and weightlifting performance. Conclusions: Consequently, we might explain that adding special exercises into the general trainings of athletes to develop handgrip strength might contribute to the weightlifting performance of the athletes.

Muscle strength is a major determinant of the blood pressure response to isometric stress testing: the Asklepios population study.

Maximal handgrip strength is a strong predictor of cardiovascular mortality in economically and socioculturally diverse countries, yet the main determinants of cardiovascular response to change in afterload during handgrip are not well known. We examined the blood pressure (BP) responses during submaximal handgrip (at 25% of grip strength) and the determinants of grip strength. We studied 2215 participants from a population-based random sample without overt clinical disease (Asklepios Study; mean age 56.2 years). Handgrip testing was performed using a modified Jamar dynamometer with direct visual feedback. Simultaneously, a validated finger plethysmographic device measured continuous BP and heart rate. During handgrip, SBP and DBP rose by, respectively, 20 ± 13 and 10 ± 6 mmHg. These changes were normally distributed and consistently higher in men. The main independent determinants of mean arterial pressure response during handgrip were: grip strength (F = 191.4; P < 0.001), baseline pulse pressure (F = 32.0; P < 0.001), height (F = 16.4; P < 0.001) and age (F = 12.8; P < 0.001). Grip strength was associated with muscle mass, better metabolic health, but also with higher baseline DBP. There was a significant graded increase in maximum pressure achieved and in the magnitude of pressure change during handgrip with increasing BP categories (P for trend <0.001). The population BP response to handgrip is variable and its predominant determinant turned out to be grip strength itself, which should be accounted for in future analyses. Higher baseline BP, even within the normotensive range, acted as an independent and graded predictor of BP increase during handgrip.

Clinical predictors of pulmonary functions, respiratory/peripheral muscle strength and exercise capacity at discharge in adults with burn injury

Purpose To identify clinical predictors of pulmonary functions, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength and functional exercise capacity in burn injury patients, and to compare these parameters with healthy subjects. Methods The study included 47 burn injury patients aged 20–49 years, and 47 age and gender-matched healthy subjects. The patients were evaluated on the day of discharge from hospital. Pulmonary functions and respiratory muscle strength were assessed with a spirometer (Cosmed Pony FX). Hand grip and pain were evaluated with a Jamar dynamometer and visual analog scale, respectively. The six-minute walk test (6-MWT) was performed to determine the functional exercise capacity of the participants. Results With the exception of FEV1/FVC, all the parameters of pulmonary functions test, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength and 6-MWT distances were lower in the burn injury patients than in the healthy subjects (p < 0.05). Significant predictors for these parameters were age, gender, height, body mass index, total burn surface area, burn injury type, the presence of trunk burn, hand burn, lower limb burn, inhalation injury, and intubation in the burn group (p < 0.05). Conclusions Burn injury and the demographic characteristics of the patients are important determinants of clinical parameters. These results are clinically important as they can be of guidance in creating a personalized rehabilitation program. Clinical trial registration number NCT03780218. Implications for rehabilitation Burn patients have impaired pulmonary functions and exercise capacity at discharge. Assessment of respiratory muscle strength should be added into clinical practice in adults with burn injury. Lung functions and exercise capacity should be evaluated in burn patients at discharge. It is important to monitor lung functions of burn patients after discharge.

Biomarkers of sarcopenia in very old patients with hip fracture.

BackgroundHip fracture is both a cause and a consequence of sarcopenia. Older persons with sarcopenia have an increased risk of falling, and the prevalence of sarcopenia may be increased in those who suffer a hip fracture. The aim of this study was to explore potential biomarkers (neuromuscular and peripheral pro‐inflammatory and oxidative stress markers) that may be associated with sarcopenia in very old persons with hip fracture.MethodsWe recruited 150 consecutive patients ≥80 years old admitted to an orthogeriatric unit for an osteoporotic hip fracture. Muscle mass was assessed pre‐operatively using bioelectrical impedance analysis; Janssen's (J) and Masanés' (M) reference cut‐off points were used to define low muscle mass. Muscle strength was assessed with handgrip strength (Jamar's dynamometer). Sarcopenia was defined by having both low muscle mass and strength and using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 definition of probable sarcopenia (low grip strength). Peripheral markers—pro‐inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters—were determined either in the plasma or in the erythrocyte fraction obtained from peripheral whole blood of every patient pre‐operatively.ResultsMean age was 87.6 ± 4.9 years, and 78.7% were women. The prevalence of sarcopenia was 11.5% with Janssen's, 34.9% with Masanés' cut‐offs, and 93.3% with the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 definition of probable sarcopenia. Among the four pro‐inflammatory cytokines tested in plasma, only tumour necrosis factor‐α was different (lower) in sarcopenic than in non‐sarcopenic participants using both muscle mass cut‐offs (J 7.9 ± 6.2 vs. 8.3 ± 5.8, M 6.8 ± 4.7 vs. 9.1 ± 6.2). Erythrocyte glutathione system showed a non‐significant tendency to lower glutathione levels and glutathione/oxidized glutathione ratios in sarcopenic participants compared with non‐sarcopenic subjects. Catalase activity was also lower in sarcopenic participants (J 2904 ± 1429 vs. 3329 ± 1483, M 3037 ± 1430 vs. 3431 ± 1498). No significant differences were found between groups in chymotrypsin‐like activity of the 20S proteasome, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and butyrylcholinesterase activity, C‐terminal agrin fragment, interferon‐γ, or interleukin‐1β.ConclusionsThe prevalence of sarcopenia in patients with hip fracture varies according to the definition and the muscle mass reference cut‐off points used. We did not find differences in most neuromuscular, pro‐inflammatory, or oxidative stress markers, except for lower peripheral tumour necrosis factor‐α levels and catalase activity in sarcopenic participants, which may be markers of an early inflammatory reaction that is hampered in sarcopenic patients.

The impact of upper limb exercise on function, daily activities and quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus: a pilot randomised controlled trial

ObjectiveTo assess the effect of upper limb exercise on hand function, daily activities performance and quality of life of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsWe performed a pilot randomised, 24-week...

Is the handgrip strength a good nutritional assessment method for people living with HIV?

ABSTRACT Objective The study aimed to verify the relationship between handgrip strength measurement and classic anthropometric values in HIV positive outpatients. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled HIV-positive outpatients treated at the Gaffrée and Guinle University Hospital, aged between 20 and 60 years and considered to be well-nourished or moderately malnourished, according to the Global Subjective Analysis. The patients’ bilateral handgrip strength were assessed (Jamar dynamometer), and classic anthropometry variables (weight, height, body mass index, arm muscle area, arm fat area, arm muscle circumference, and triceps skin fold) were measured. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, bivariate correlation and regression analysis were used (SPSS 21® software), with a significance level of 5%. Results A total of 242 patients were assessed. According to the Global Subjective Analysis, 218 (90.1%) patients were classified as well nourished (Global Subjective Analysis-A) and 24 (9.9%) as moderately malnourished (Global Subjective Analysis-B). The average dominant hand handgrip strength with standard deviation was 30.5±9.5kgf and 24.1±6.1kgf for Global Subjective Analysis-A and Global Subjective Analysis-B patients, respectively. Handgrip values were not influenced by age. The handgrip strength showed in both genders a significant correlation with weight, body mass index, and with anthropometric parameters related to lean body mass (arm muscle circumference and arm muscle area), but without correlation with the non-lean mass parameter (arm fat area). The handgrip strength of the dominant hand was a predictor of the following variables associated with lean body mass, i.e., arm muscle circumference and arm muscle area (R2=0.194, t=7.7, p&lt;0.001, and R2=0.192, t=7.6, p&lt;0.001, respectively). However, handgrip strength was not a predictor of arm fat area. Conclusion Measurement of handgrip strength was a useful method for nutritional assessment in outpatients with HIV due to a significant relationship with anthropometric parameters associated with lean body mass.