Calabura Research Articles

Corrigendum to “Insight biological prospects of silver@graphene oxide nanocomposite synthesized by Muntingia calabura leaf extract: Stunning ROS-related antibacterial mechanism under visible light” [J. Drug Deli. Sci. Technol. (93), March 2024, 105459

Corrigendum to “Insight biological prospects of silver@graphene oxide nanocomposite synthesized by Muntingia calabura leaf extract: Stunning ROS-related antibacterial mechanism under visible light” [J. Drug Deli. Sci. Technol. (93), March 2024, 105459

PEMBUATAN SABUN DENGAN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KERSEN (MUNTINGIA CALABURA) SEBAGAI ANTISEPTIK ALAMI

Liquid soap is a liquid skin cleansing preparation made from soap base with the addition of other permitted ingredients and is used to cleanse the skin without causing irritation to the skin which can be caused by bacteria. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of ethanol extract of kersen leaves in liquid soap preparations against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Liquid soap formulation of ethanol extract of kersen leaves (Muntingia calabura) was formulated in 3 (three) formulations, namely F1 soap preparation with 25% extract concentration, F2 with 30% kersen leaf ethanol extract concentration, and F3 with 35% kersen leaf ethanol extract concentration. Antibacterial testing was carried out using the disc diffusion method. The results of the antibacterial activity test of antiseptic liquid soap preparations F1 soap preparation has an inhibition of 16.82 mm, formulation 2 30% extract concentration has an inhibition of 19.52 mm, F3 extract concentration has an inhibition of 21.90 mm and positive control Dettol soap has an inhibition of 22.22 mm against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The conclusion of this study is that ethanol extract of kersen leaves has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and the most optimal inhibitory concentration is kersen leaf extract soap preparation with a concentration of 35% with a very strong inhibition zone category.

Green synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial evaluation of lead oxide nanoparticles using Muntingia calabura leaf extract: a sustainable approach

Green synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial evaluation of lead oxide nanoparticles using Muntingia calabura leaf extract: a sustainable approach

Ethnopharmacological study of traditional plants with medicinal properties of kapehe pai (gout) in the Dayak Bakumpai tribe

Introduction: Traditional medicine by the community has long been used for medicine and health maintenance and has been inherited from generation to generation. Indonesia is very rich in beneficial plants. This study aims to discover the types of plants and plant parts and how they are processed for kapehe pie. Research Methodology: The method used in this study is descriptive and exploratory with a qualitative approach. Data was collected by asking questions with the help of interview guidelines. The informants of this research are tatamba craftsmen and the Dayak Tribe of Sampirang II Village. The number of respondents was 35, consisting of farmers and homemakers. Result: There are five types of plants used for the treatment of kapehe pai (gout), namely bay leaf (syzgium polyanthum), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus), ginger (zingiber officinale), kersen (Muntingia calabura), and garlic (Allium sativum). The most widely used plant is bay leaf allergy (syzgium polyanthum). Leaves are the most frequently used plant organs, which is 57.14% of the total, followed by rhizomes (22.85%), stems (11.42%), and seeds (8.57%). The medicinal plants are processed in two ways, namely by boiling and grinding/pounding, with a percentage value of 91.42% for the boiling technique and 8.57% for the kneaded method. 91% of the therapeutic plants are sourced from the gardens around the house, and the remaining 9% come from market purchases Conclusion: Traditional medicine passed down from generation to generation treats kapehe pai (gout). The most widely used part of the plant is the leaf (57.14%), followed by rhizomes, stems, and seeds. Most medicinal plants are obtained from the gardens around the house (91%), while the rest are purchased from the market. This shows the wealth of local knowledge and the utilization of natural resources in traditional medicine.

Green synthesis of silver-doped selenium nanoparticles using Muntingia calabura leaves extract for bioactivity applications

In this study, silver-doped selenium nanoparticles (Ag/SeNPs) were synthesized using Muntingia calabura leaves extract. The extract components, such as flavonoids and polyphenols, acted as both reducing and stabilizing agents and were quantified to confirm their presence. The properties of Ag/SeNPs were examined using advanced analytical techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), zeta potential measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The antibacterial activity of the Ag/SeNPs was tested against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which show good antibacterial ability with inhibition zone diameters of 9.1 and 11.7 mm, respectively. Moreover, Ag/SeNPs also demonstrate superior antifungal capability against Fusarium oxysporum compared to SeNPs. The results indicate that Ag/SeNPs were synthesized using the green method demonstrate significant potential for medical applications.

Application box Behnken design for the optimum cream formula of M. calabura fruit extract: In vitro and In vivo studies as an antiaging product

Muntingia calabura fruit, with its local name (Indonesia), is Kersen, a plant with phenolic compounds that have the potential to be formulated as antiaging with antioxidant mechanisms and inhibition of tyrosinase and elastase activity. The purpose of this study was to formulate extracts of Kersen fruit into a stable cream preparation based on an experimental box Behnken design approach to determine the concentration of phytocream as an emulsifier and isopropyl myristate as an enhancer and further evaluate for in vitro and in vivo performance. Kersen fruit was extracted and then formulated into an o/w cream at a concentration of 5%. The obtained cream was evaluated for stability in a thermodynamics study based on the standard parameters, followed by the effectiveness based on the penetration profiles, the ability as antioxidants using the β-carotene bleaching method, and antiaging effectivity by tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory. The effective formula was then subjected to in vivo safety testing (anti-irritation) using rabbits and volunteers. The results showed no specific change in the cream, including organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and type of cream parameters. The cream also delivered phenolic compounds through the side circum membrane with the highest cumulative amount calculated as gallic acid at 90 and 120 minutes with flux in the range of 0.594 - 1.688 g/cm2hour. The effectiveness of the preparation as an antiaging candidate with antioxidant activity and inhibition of the tyrosinase and elastase showed that the Kersen fruit cream had antioxidant activity >70% and classified as high category and proved to be more effective at inhibiting the tyrosinase and elastase enzyme. Irritation studies showed negligible category in rabbits and non-irritant in humans. The cream formula with the active raw ingredient kersen fruit extract has good characteristics and effectiveness to develop it as a natural skin care product.

MUNTINGIA CALABURA SILVER NANOPARTICLES DETERIORATE OXIDATIVE IMPAIRMENT WITH POTENT ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY

Objective: The current study exemplifies the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Muntingia calabura L. (Mc-AgNP’s) fruit extract utilizing a green approach and testing the efficacy of synthesized NP’s. Methods: The green synthesize approach was used to synthesis Mc-AgNP’s followed by characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). Radical scavenging activity was assessed using DPPH, FRAP, and H202, followed by antibacterial activity. Results: The characteristic features of synthesized Muntingia calabura silver nanoparticles (Mc-AgNP’s) were analyzed using FT-IR which particularizes different functional groups with a broadband at 3408 cm-1 representing hydroxyl (-OH) stretching a peak at 1593.27 cm-1 corresponds to C = O groups in amide whereas a dip at 1383 cm-1 represents C-N amine and C-O stretching of alcohol groups were found. The Crystallinity of synthesized Mc-AgNP’s exhibited face-centered cubic (fcc) crystalline structure and the bio-reduction of the silver ions in solution was monitored by Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The FESEM analysis indicates that Mc-AgNP’s were dispersed in the solution using micrographs and the size ranged from 10 to 60 nm. The synthesized Mc-AgNP’s efficiently scavenged free radicals in a dose-dependent manner with 69% for DPPH, 59.9% for FRAP, and 64% for H202 respectively. Further, the synthesized Mc-AgNP’s demonstrated a potent antimicrobial agent against tested bacterial and fungal strains with a maximum zone of inhibition observed in S. aureus, K. pneumonia, and P. vulgaris with 14.6, 13.8, and 12.4 mm. Similarly, antifungal activity with Trichoderma harzianum demonstrated the highest zone with 18 mm followed by Aspergillus oryzae with 7 mm. Conclusion: These results highlight the interesting potential of synthesized Mc-AgNP’s as an effective source of bioactive compounds with potent antioxidant and antibacterial activity.

Antibacterial Activity in Ethanol Extract of Kersen Flowers (Muntingia calabura L.) Against Bacteria Causing Gastrointestinal Tract Infections Using the Agar Diffusion Method

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the exploration of alternative treatments such as medicinal plants. This study evaluates the antibacterial potential of Kersen flowers (Muntingia calabura L.) against pathogens causing gastrointestinal infections. Aimed at determining the antibacterial effectiveness of ethanol extracts from Kersen flowers, the research tests the activity against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Vibrio cholerae, and Shigella dysenteriae. Employing the agar diffusion method, various concentrations of the extract (0.05% to 10%) were analyzed. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were also assessed to identify the lowest effective concentrations. The ethanol extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity; notably, the largest inhibition zone measured 30.74 mm at a concentration of 10%. Effective MICs were as low as 0.1% for all tested bacteria, while MBCs ranged from 0.1% to 0.4%. These results suggest that ethanol extracts of Kersen flowers exhibit potent antibacterial properties against major gastrointestinal pathogens, supporting further exploration of these extracts as a natural antibacterial treatment and offering a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics.

Synthesis, characterization and mechanical properties evaluation of muntingia calabura fibre reinforced epoxy composites: Fibre treatment comparison with NaOH and KOH

Numerous studies demonstrate that the alteration in the fibre surface caused by the alkali treatment enhances the mechanical capabilities. Muntingia calabura is the novel fibre was used in the present study. The present work illustrates the mechanical and characterization of NaOH and KOH treated muntingia calabura fibre reinforced epoxy composites. Muntingia calabura fibre is extracted from the bark of muntingia calabura plant. The collected fibres are treated with 10% alkali solution and then fibre–epoxy composites are fabricated with different fibre loadings, evaluated the mechanical properties of the Muntingia calabura fibre–epoxy composites. The interfacial bonding between the Muntingia calabura fibre and epoxy (LY-5052) observed with the morphological study. Using thermo gravimetric and infrared spectroscopy, the degradation behaviour and thermal stability of the Muntingia calabura fibre composites and the functional chemicals included in them are investigated respectively. The composites exhibit maximum tensile and flexural strengths of 84 MPa and 185 MPa, respectively, at 20 weight percent of the fibre content treated with NaOH. At 15 weight percent of the fibre content treated with NaOH, the composites have a maximum impact strength of 19.5 J/m2. It was found that the thermal stability of fibre composites treated with KOH and NaOH ranged from 250 to 400 degrees Celsius.

Use of a combination of cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura) and soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) extract as antioxidants on broiler performance

Abstract The application of a cherry leaf and soursop leaf combination as antioxidants is intended to mitigate heat stress in broilers, which is typically associated with reduced growth rates, hormonal imbalances, decreased feed intake, and overall discomfort in high-temperature conditions. This study intends to assess the impact of employing a combination of cherry leaf (CL) and soursop leaf (SL) as antioxidants on broiler performance, specifically focusing on feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion efficiency. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) comprising 5 treatments, each replicated 5 times. Each replication included 5 broiler units. Treatments consisted of TO (control), T1 (CL 9%), T2 (SL 3%), T3 (CL 6% + SL 3%), T4 (CL 3% + SL 6%). The results demonstrated that the application of a combined extract of CL and SL as antioxidants significantly influenced broiler performance. Specifically, it increased the average feed consumption in treatment T3 to 90.36 grams, enhanced body weight gain in T3 to 61.36 grams, and improved feed conversion efficiency in T3 to 1.47. The best research results were found in T3.

Muntingia calabura Stem Extract-Mediated Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles and Its Anti-Inflammatory Action

Muntingia calabura Stem Extract-Mediated Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles and Its Anti-Inflammatory Action

Klasifikasi Tingkat Kemanisan Buah Kersen Berdasarkan Fitur Warna NTSC Menggunakan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Berbasis Pengolahan Citra Digital

<em><span lang="EN-US">The fruit of the calabura tree (Muntingia calabura) is a small red fruit originating from the Prunus genus, often found along roadsides. This fruit contains numerous nutrients beneficial for bodily health, serving as a highly potential source of nutrition. Presently, a challenge exists in determining the sweetness level of calabura fruit, relying heavily on manual human assessment. The development of classification utilizing technology is considered a crucial step. Previous research has concentrated on classifying various objects using RGB, HSV, YCbCr color feature extraction. However, it was observed that RGB, HSV, YCbCr color features are not universally suitable, particularly for calabura fruits. Hence, this study employs a method of classifying the sweetness level of calabura fruit based on NTSC color features using a Digital Image Processing-based Artificial Neural Network (ANN). This approach leverages color-based image processing features. The research involves several stages, starting from acquiring 300 calabura fruit images with 3 levels of classification to the classification process utilizing Backpropagation in the ANN. Multiple training and testing scenarios were conducted to select feature combinations with the highest accuracy and fastest computational time. Results revealed that the most effective feature used was the NTSC color feature as a skin characteristic parameter. Based on training outcomes using 210 training images, the accuracy reached 100% with a computational time of 1.66 seconds per image. Meanwhile, testing with 90 sample images showed an accuracy of 94% with a computational time of 4.23 seconds per image. Thus, it can be concluded that the employed method successfully classifies the quality of calabura fruit images based on color features and skin characteristics.</span></em>

Immunomodulatory activity of kersen leaf extract (Muntingia calabura) on diabetic rats: analysis of immune response

The immune response to high blood glucose levels leads to an inflammatory response and also produces inflammation mediators. Immunomodulatory functions of Kersen (Muntingia calabura) need further enhancement to ensure that its benefits are more widely recognized by the public. This study aims to determine the immunomodulatory activity of Kersen leaf in inducing and modulating the immune response in diabetic rats. This study was an experimental laboratory with a pre-and post-test with a control group design. The subjects were 30 white rats (Rattus Novergicus Wistar Strain), were treated with extract M. calabura dose 1 (100 mg/kg bw/day), dose 2 (200 mg/kg bw/day), dose 3 (300 mg/kg bw/day). For clinical evaluation, three control groups were formed, including a Normal Control Group, a Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Positive Group, and a DM Positive Group treated with Anti-Diabetic Drugs. The highest amount of IFN-γ concentrations were found in the DM positive control group + antidiabetic drugs (710.3 ± 27.2 ng/mL). The highest number of Nitrit Oxide (NO) concentration was found in the DM positive control group (103.7 ± 10.2 µmol/L). The highest average amount of pancreatic β cell regeneration was found in the normal control group. The DM positive control group and the treatment group had a significant difference (p < 0.05) It means that there is a significant difference in the data of all treatment groups, or these three groups have anti-diabetic activity by repairing or preventing damage to the pancreas organ in DM rats. This study revealed that M. calabura possesses immunomodulatory activity, capable of inducing and modulating immune responses in diabetic rats.

Augmented barrier properties of poly (lactic acid) composite packaging film reinforced by antibacterial hybrid bio‐filler: Extending the shelf life of fruits

AbstractThis work investigates the construction of biodegradable packaging film based on polylactic acid (PLA) reinforced with a novel antibacterial hybrid nanofiller to improve barrier and mechanical properties. The study focuses on incorporating silver‐ingrained silica particles (Ag–In–Si) into PLA matrix to prepare the packaging film (Ag–In–SiPLA) that has superior antibacterial, and barrier property with negligible oxygen and water vapour penetration. The Ag was synthesized using natural neem leaf extract as a reducing agent. To ingrain silver over rice husk silica (Si) an in situ technique was adopted. Hence called Ag‐In‐Si bio‐filler. The Ag–In–SiPLA films were fabricated using melt blending and sheet extrusion methods by means of a micro‐compounder. The addition of rice husk silica served the purpose of cost‐effectiveness of the packaging film along with the enhancement of the oxygen and water barrier properties of the films. The optimized sample (PLA loaded with 3% Ag–In–Si), exhibited optimum transparency, moisture resistance, and barrier properties compared with control PLA film. The experiments on Muntingia calabura (Jamaica cherry) preservation have verified the remarkable effectiveness of Ag–In–SiPLA films in preserving their quality for an extended period. These biodegradable packaging films, composed of food‐grade materials and sustainable ingredients, have the potential to provide a compostable and environmentally friendly solution for various packaging applications. This research shed light on the antibacterial Ag–In–SiPLA film as a long‐term, high‐performance fruit packaging solution.Highlights Novel antibacterial PLA composite with enhanced barrier and mechanical properties. Silver‐ingrained silica particles improve antibacterial and barrier properties. Green synthesis of silver using neem leaf extract Melt blending and sheet extrusion used to create cost‐effective packaging films. Ag–In–SiPLA films extend Muntingia calabura preservation, proving effective.

Antibacterial Activity of Green Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Muntingia calabura Leaf Extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Antibacterial Activity of Green Synthesized Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Using Muntingia calabura Leaf Extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

Green synthesis of Ag/AgCl nanocomposites derived from Muntingia calabura L. leaves extract: antioxidant properties and catalytic activity in methylene blue degradation

ABSTRACT Ag/AgCl nanocomposites were synthesised using Muntingia calabura L. leaves extract for the first time and were used as antioxidants and catalysts in the degradation of methylene blue (MB). This study aimed to achieve the optimal conditions for synthesising Ag/AgCl nanocomposites using Muntingia calabura L. leaves extract and to examine their antioxidant and photocatalytic activities. Ag/AgCl nanocomposites were confirmed using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Zeta Potential analysis. Optimising various factors revealed that the optimum synthesis of Ag/AgCl nanocomposites involved mixing 3 mL of 2.5 mm AgNO3 with 7.5 mL of the extract and stirring continuously at 60°C for 100 min. The formed Ag/AgCl nanocomposites displayed mainly spherical shapes with some irregular forms, maintaining an average size of 69.04 nm and remaining stable for 6 months. In vitro studies on antioxidant activity using DPPH indicated that the Ag/AgCl nanocomposites exhibited outstanding free radical scavenging activity, with an IC50 of 62.76 mg/L. In addition, Ag/AgCl nanocomposites showed a strong photodegradation potential for MB, with a degradation percentage of up to 82.12% in 210 min. Hence, the results offer a promising approach for the environmentally friendly synthesis of Ag/AgCl nanocomposites using Muntingia calabura L. leaves extract, with significant applications in antioxidants and photocatalysts.

Anti-aging Effect of Plant Leaf Extract of Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) on the Seminiferous Tubule of Mice Induced with D-galactose

One of aging-related changes in the testes in male is impairment of spermatogenic process that make spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids cells decreased which ultimately reduces fertility. There are many phytochemical compounds that are known to have anti-aging properties. One plant that is known to contain anti-aging compounds is the kersen or Jamaica cherry (Muntingia calabura L.). This study aims to reveal whether the phytochemicals in kersen leaf extract can restore the number of spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, and spermatids, as well as the diameter and thickness of the seminiferous tubule epithelium in d-galactose-induced mice. There were 5 groups tested in this study. Group-1 was normal mice that were not induced and given the extract. Group-2 was a negative control where mice were induced with d-galactose but not treated. Groups 3, 4, and 5 were given 35, 70, and 105 mg/kg of cherry leaf extract, respectively. The results showed that kersen leaf extract was proven to be able to restore the number of spermatogonia cells, primary spermatocytes, and spermatids as well as restore the diameter and thickness of the seminiferous tubule epithelium. Thus, it can be concluded that kersen leaf extract has anti-aging properties in mice induced by d-galactose.

In Silico Testing of Cocoa Pod Husk (Theobroma cacao L.) and Kersen Leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) Extracts as Candidate Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes

In Silico Testing of Cocoa Pod Husk (Theobroma cacao L.) and Kersen Leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) Extracts as Candidate Drugs for Type 2 Diabetes

Molecular characterization of begomovirus and DNA satellites associated with mosaic and leaf curl disease of Jamaica cherry (Muntingia calabura) in India: Uncovering a new host for chilli leaf curl India virus.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-024-00891-w.

Wound care used topical ointment made from a combination of cherry leaf extract (Muntingia calabura L) and manuka honey on the healing process of superficial second-degree burns: a case report

Background: Burns are one of the most common accidental injuries in the community. Improper treatment of burns can lead to disability and even death. Applying topical therapy aims to reduce excessive collagen repositioning and accelerate healing. We tried treating burn wounds with an ointment that uses a combination of cherry leaf extract and manuka honey to test the effectiveness of wound healing.Case presentation: We report two cases of superficial burns that underwent wound treatment using an ointment containing cherry leaf extract and manuka honey.Conclusion: Wound treatment with an ointment containing cherry leaf extract and manuka honey can speed up the healing process in patients with superficial second-degree burns.