Jaipur City Research Articles

Relative radiometric normalization for mosaicking IRS CartoSat-2 panchromatic images using genetic algorithm

Urban features can be analysed using high-resolution satellite images. Satellites procure panchromatic images at a spatial resolution even better than 1 m. However, it cannot cover the large area of a city in one scene. Therefore, satellite images from different dates and times must be mosaicked to study the urban region as a whole. Efficient and seamless mosaicking requires relative radiometric normalization (RRN), which generally is an iterative process. In this paper, an approach using the genetic algorithm has been developed for normalization in a single step. The algorithm has been tested on Jaipur city in India. Results produced for the mosaic using genetic algorithm provide visually seamless mosaic over the study region with significant improvement of the RMSE among the images’ overlap region. The algorithm has been compared against the mean-standard deviation (MS) and histogram matching (HM) methods of RRN with average RMSE improvement of 40% and 38%, respectively.

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF VIOLENCE EXPOSURE ON YOUNG ADULTS IN JAIPUR, INDIA

India is among the red list of the countries that are exposed to interpersonal violence. Young adulthood is the crucial growth spell of life in which a person builds confidence and boosts his/her self-esteem but most of the young adults of India spend this period of adulthood by being a victim or by being a witness of violence. IPV is the purposeful utilization of physical power against an individual that outcomes in or has a high probability of bringing about injury, demise or mental damage etc. Hence, because of high rate of exposure, depression, aggressiveness and suicides are increasing exponentially among the young adults in India. World Health Organization describes India to be the most depressed nation on the planet. Present study investigates the current situation of violence exposure in one of the huge and highly populated regions of India, Jaipur city. The data was collected from young adults belonging to different localities of the city through the help of surveys, questionnaires and interviews. The selected young adults were presented with different hypotheses in order to check their exposure rate as well as their mental states. The study highlighted the fact that more research should be done in this perspective, not only in Jaipur but all across India. Moreover, results contributed to engage the authorities to feel the need of proper measures in order to prevent violence and to control the situation.

Effect of discretisation on extreme rainfall analysis: A study of Jaipur city in India

A location-based evaluation of the effect of discretisation on extreme rainfall estimates has been reported in the present study using the hourly rainfall records. This analysis aims to develop a correction model to find rainfall correction factor (RCF) for the metro city, Jaipur in the state of Rajasthan, India. Further, the study addressed the effect of clock hour correction factor (CHCF) on extreme rainfall recorded in the discrete-time interval and compared with the corresponding value suggested by IS 5542-2003. The CHCF was computed using annual maxima series (AMS), and peak-over-threshold (POT) approaches in deriving the rainfall values. The hourly rainfall measurement used to evaluate the differences in extremes evaluated using sliding window (SW) aggregation and fixed window (FW) observation for 24-hour maximum rainfall depth. The extreme value analysis was performed, and the model was checked for its reliability. The peak rainfall depth-duration-frequency curve was plotted for observed 24-hr and 1-hr duration peak rainfall depth. The 1-hour duration peak rainfall was computed for 25-, 50- and 100-year return period using the conversion factor given in Flood estimation report (sub-zone 1b) and compared with the present study results. The peak rainfall for the different return periods for 1-hour and 24-hour duration was worked out which will be useful to the design engineer as per the recent guidelines of the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO, 2019).

Land use/land cover dynamics study and prediction in jaipur city using CA markov model integrated with road network

Land Use Land Cover (LULC) dynamics analysis is critical and should be done regularly. It draws attention to LULC developments that can be addressed before they become unmanageable disasters or circumstances. For the years 2000, 2010, and 2020, LULC change analysis was carried out in Jaipur City, Rajasthan, India. The LULC maps were created using Landsat data through a visual interpretation technique at a scale of 1:50,000. These maps were classified into vegetation, agriculture, built-up areas, barren land, and water bodies. LULC was predicted by extrapolating the current LULC change pattern. Using a Cellular Automata-Markov Chain Model (CA Markov) integrated with road network, the current LULC change trend was extrapolated and utilized to estimate the LULC map for the years 2020, 2030, 2040, and 2050. The strategy was validated by estimating LULC change for 2020 and comparing it to the actual LULC map for that year. The urban area contributed to 4. 75% in 2000 of the total area in Jaipur city. The percentage of area under urban class has increased to 9.68% in 2010 and 12.96% in 2020. The prediction based on 2000–2010 and 2010–2020 has shown an unprecedented decadal growth in the built-up area till 2050. The prediction based on the 2000–2010 period has shown a rise of 92.04% during 2020–2030, 77.13% during 2030–2040 and, 64.34% during 2040–2050. The prediction based on the 2010–2020 period has shown a rise of 102.42% during 2020–2030, 73.56% during 2030–2040 and, 54.47% during 2040–2050. This study is, therefore, calls for policy interventions to manage population and urban growth.

Detrimental Effects of Traffic Noise in Traffic Policemen as Assessed by Auditory Brainstem Evoked Response: A Cross-sectional Observational Study

Introduction: Loud noise is a global occupational health hazard with substantial social and physiological impacts, especially pronounced in traffic policemen who are engaged at heavy traffic junctions. Apart from its overt effect on sensorineural hearing, loud noise has been also implicated, albeit covertly, as a causative factor for disturbances in sleep, learning and depression. Due to the insidious nature of hearing impairment, manifestations are often masked and hence testing through Auditory Brainstem Evoked Response (ABER) should be resorted to, for assessment of functional status of auditory pathway objectively. Aim: To assess and compare the effect of traffic noise in traffic policemen with age matched apparently healthy males using ABER. Materials and Methods: The present study was a crosssectional, comparative type of observational research conducted in the Department of Physiology, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, from June 2019 to May 2020, on 45 apparently healthy male traffic policemen, aged 25-40 years, engaged at heavy traffic junctions of Jaipur city, with an average field posting of five years or more. An equal number of age and sex matched apparently healthy subjects living in Jaipur city, were recruited as controls. Before commencing with the test procedure, ethical clearance was obtained from the institute’s ethics committee and research review board and written informed consent was obtained from all the participants. ABER assessment was done via RMS EMG SALUS 2C machine on each subject using click stimuli presented mono-aurally via an overhead headphone resulting in harvest of variables in form of absolute wave latencies (I to V) and Interpeak Latencies (IPL) (I-III, I-V and III-V). Unpaired Student’s t-test was used to derive the level of significance using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. Level of significance was set at p-value <0.05. Results: The results obtained in the present study demonstrated pronounced delay (p-value<0.01) in all absolute wave latencies (I to V) in both ears in traffic policemen. A statistically significant delay was also observed in IPL I-V (p-value<0.01) when a comparison of left ABER was made between traffic policemen and controls. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that the hidden footprints of loss in auditory acuity in traffic policemen exposed to traffic noise can be unearthed objectively via using ABER assessment and therefore periodic ABER assessment along with usage of preventive equipment should be the strategy for prevention of imminent hearing loss.

A Survey on Public Attitude and Awareness towards Recycling in Jaipur City

Introduction: Recycling entails participatory waste management, which includes social, economic, and environmental alternatives and requires people to invest time in separating discarded material and returning it to the industrial process. A variety of variables have been used to understand pro-environmental behaviour, including peer influence, motivation to recycle, environmental beliefs, altruism, level of information, and environmental perception. Methodology: For present study a random survey was conducted amongst the residents of Jaipur staying at different locations and area. The questionnaire consisted of a total of sixteen questions based on the methods of recycling, recyclable items and attitude of public towards participating in recycling. Observations and Result: Most of the participants were aware of the recycling process and its necessity in present scenario. Still they have their own reasons for not being able to fully participate in practicing it in day to day life.

Design and enhancement of city park transport infrastructure facilities

Jaipur city park ‘Jawahar circle’ plays a major role in transportation system of Jaipur city of India and simultaneously facilitates other recreational activities including cycling, walking and entertainment. A large number of people visit the park regularly as urban city parks are now becoming one of the major sources of attraction for people across all age groups. The current structure and facilities at Jawahar circle are designed on the basis of old data and user surveys. Owing to rapid growth in population and current trend towards health care activities in open green spaces, it requires to be redesigned based on new data that can meet the need of current and future demands. In this study, data available in public domain was examined along with a site survey to understand the issues faced by pedestrians and motorists frequenting the city park. The major findings of the study indicate that signages as well as public amenities are either not placed or not designed according to Indian standard codes. The parking can be redesigned to increase the capacity keeping in mind peak traffic hours. This study suggests a modified design based on modeling of current and future needs to enhance the transport infrastructure facilities of a public park in Jaipur city of India.

Analyzing the scope of public transportation in commute to workplace: Study of travel behavior in Jaipur city

Analyzing the scope of public transportation in commute to workplace: Study of travel behavior in Jaipur city

Identification of adulteration in hand sanitizers of Jaipur city using raman spectroscopy

Identification of adulteration in hand sanitizers of Jaipur city using raman spectroscopy

Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions to Covishield Vaccine among the Faculty of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Jaipur City

Pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions to Covishield Vaccine among the Faculty of a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in Jaipur City

A GIS-Based Methodology to Determine Effect of Vehicular Pollution at Ward Level: Case Study of Jaipur City

To determine appropriate measures to reduce air pollution in any urban city, the first essential requirement is to estimate the spatial distribution of air pollution parameters in that area. In absence of air monitoring stations, alternative methods are required for the same. In the present work, a GIS-based methodology is presented to estimate the level of NO2 based on the road density of the road network of different categories of roads. Road network GIS layer and measured levels of the average value of NO2 for the year 2019 at 12 air pollution monitoring stations of Jaipur city are used to develop a large number of possible linear regression models for estimation of NO2 values based on road density values. Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and adjusted r2 values are used to evaluate and arrive at the best-fitted model. Values from the cities of Jodhpur and Kota are used to validate the model. Using this model, NO2 levels are determined at 91 wards of Jaipur city and the output is compared with the similar map derived based on interpolation of NO2 values at the 12 monitoring stations. It is concluded that the methodology developed in this study generates better estimates of NO2 at the ward levels.

Forecasting of Tourism Demand: Methodological Advancement in Search of Suitable Model

Travel and Tourism is one of the “World’s largest industries and generator of quality jobs” (World Travel and Tourism Council). Day by day tourism is getting popularity, and its contribution in world economy is also increasing. People are travelling mostly due to inversions. A person who lives in arid plains, one in a year wants to travel to see the beauty of mountains or Sea. A Person who works in a very stressful and compact schedule, also want to relax by travelling or finding recreation. Life style generated stress and boredom are affecting not only productivity of a person but also health of that person. Education is also a significant factor for tourism. The case study of the tourism demand forecasting is done in context of Jaipur city of Rajasthan State in India. Jaipur city is the capital of the state Rajasthan. It has both cultural and natural sites as attraction for tourists. Forecasting Tourism demand is an essential tool to predict the future of this industry in a particular Region. For the forecasting of tourism demand in Jaipur city time series analysis method is used. The paper is written to analyze the trends in tourist arrivals and the future of tourism in the city, and it is an exercise to find out best model for forecasting of tourism demand. It will be useful in proper of use of resources and appropriate planning of tourism in the city.

Psychological and emotional response to Lockdown in children during the ongoing pandemic COVID-19 in urban areas of Jaipur

Background: In the year 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic created havoc in people's lives across the entire world. The pandemic created fear and uncertainty, and Lockdowns were enforced for containment of the disease, impacting the general population's mental well-being as well. The dearth of studies on the subject, particularly on Children and adolescents, creates a vacuum of information which hinders the strategy formulation for effective handling of such issues. Aim: The research aimed to study the psychological impact of Lockdown on children & adolescents in tier 2 city of India. Methods: The study was conducted through online surveys in the city of Jaipur in Rajasthan state of India using the Snowball sampling technique. The Study group included children between the age of 6 to 16 years and assessment of the mental well-being of the participants were done using Short Mood &Feeling Questionnaire (SMFQ). Result: A total of 301 valid responses were received, from which 38 (12.22%) children scored high on SMFQ wherein female adolescents scored higher than males. A total of 10 out 21 children with a history of medical illness scored high on SMFQ and a total of 2 out of 4 children with a past history of psychiatric illness scored high on SMFQ. The data analysis revealed that most of the children struggled with feelings of restlessness, fatigue, unhappiness, and difficulty in concentration. Conclusion: Lockdown has affected mental well-being of both children and adolescents. The impact was observed equally in both groups wherein those with psychiatric history were affected more than others in the 6-11 years age group (Children) and those with medical history were affected more than others in the 11-16 years age group (Adolescents). Immediate attention is needed for alleviation of mental burnout in children and adolescents considering already inadequate interventions in the matter and the ongoing nature of the pandemic.

An overview of municipal solid waste management in Jaipur city, India - Current status, challenges and recommendations

In developing countries, urbanization and rapid population growth has resulted in a substantial increase in generation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Safe collection, transportation and treatment of MSW are among the major issues for Indian cities. Poor MSW management practices have negative impact on public health, environment and climate change. India currently only treats 21% of MSW while the remainder disposed in unsanitary landfill sites with no recycling and treatment technologies. This paper reviews the existing MSW management practices, challenges and provides recommendations for improving MSW management for the city of Jaipur in Rajasthan, India.Despite being the state capital as well as the top tourist destination in northern part of India, there is no detailed study which reviews the waste management strategies of this city along with identifying the key challenges. The study reveals that the major challenges for MSW management in Jaipur include uncontrolled landfilling, inadequate public participation as well as failings of implementation of MSW legislation and waste conversion. Recommendations for improvement include public awareness campaigns, public-private partnership, investment in lined landfills, recycling and waste to energy techniques. Optimization models and life cycle assessment tools should be employed to minimize cost and the environmental impact of MSW management. This study will provide policy makers and private sector stakeholders to develop strategies for future planning, investment and execution of improved MSW management in Indian cities.

Floristic diversity of Umari Dham sacred grove in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

The Umari Dham is a sacred grove situated at the Jamwa Ramgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Jaipur District of Rajasthan, India. It’s a beautiful arbour near the city of Jaipur. Umari Dham sacred grove has a temple, which has been visited by worshippers for approximately 450 years. During present field investigation, attempts were made to categorize the floral diversity of this sacred grove, and around 215 flowering plant species belonging to 159 genera under 52 families have been recorded according to Angiosperm Phylogeny Group III (APG III) classification. This grove serves as a vital pool for preservation of threatened, endemic and medicinal plant species.

Metagenomic Survey Reveals More Diverse and Abundant Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Municipal Wastewater Than Hospital Wastewater.

Alongside antibiotic resistance, co-selection of antibiotics, biocides, and metal resistance is a growing concern. While hospital wastewater is considered a hotspot for antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and genes (ARGs), the scenario in India, one of the biggest consumers of antibiotics, remains poorly described. In this study, we used metagenomic sequencing to characterize ARGs and biocide/metal resistance genes (BMRGs) in four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Jaipur City of India. We observed a significantly lower richness and abundance of ARGs in the influent of a WWTP exclusively receiving hospital wastewater when compared to other three WWTPs involving municipal wastewater treatment. Several tetracycline and macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance genes were enriched in influents of these three municipal wastewater-related treatment plants, whereas hospital wastewater had a higher abundance of genes conferring resistance to disinfectant-related compounds such as synergize and wex-cide-128, reflecting the patterns of antibiotic/disinfectant use. Of note, in the wastewater system with more chemicals, there was a strong correlation between the numbers of ARGs and BMRGs potentially harbored by common hosts. Our study highlights significant influxes of ARGs from non-hospital sources in Jaipur City, and thus more attention should be paid on the emergence of ARGs in general communities.

Impact of Nutrition Counseling on Diet Diversity Practices of Children (12 - 24 months) in Jaipur City

Impact of Nutrition Counseling on Diet Diversity Practices of Children (12 - 24 months) in Jaipur City

A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme (PTP) on knowledge regarding blood donation among nonprofessional college students in selected areas in Jaipur city

A study to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme (PTP) on knowledge regarding blood donation among nonprofessional college students in selected areas in Jaipur city

A REVIEW PAPER ON QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF SOLAR PV SYSTEM IN JAIPUR

The aim of research is to identify a performance gap of solar PV through the quantitative assessment. In the recent studies it has been observed that the actual performance is considered based on the overall irradiation on the major portion of the area, as the irradiation for low distance grade is challenging to collect across the globe. The study and analysis of the actual solar PV system is the open ground to study and benchmark the generation for particular Jaipur City. On the basis of cost analysis, it has been observed, the rooftop solar plant is a feasible solution as it provides a helping hand to meet the growing energy demand. Although, some challenges such as inflation rate, the current discount rate and life of the plant will remain with installation and generating but, can be mitigated with its long-term benefits. The current market scenario with low cost of renewable technology the role of other financial parameters affects the financial viability of the project therefore it is necessary to analyse all the parameters carefully before installing a PV plant especially in areas where land cost is a considerable parameter. KEYWORDS: Solar PV Generation, Jaipur Radiation, Photovoltaic, Kilowatt peak, Rajasthan Solar

Heritage responsive city development in India post pandemic: A case of walled city of Jaipur

Indian heritage cities have evolved and undergone various planning interventions both in terms of theory and practice. Although, many cities are practicing the Heritage Management concept, are still lacking behind conserving urban heritage assets and managing their urban fabric. The heritage cities like Delhi, Varanasi, Agra, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Jaipur, are either inscribed or trying to get inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage Site to preserve their heritage assets; where the implications and repercussions of WHS, be it economic or social are often not thought about. In this Research, the Walled city of Jaipur is selected as a case study – is a “UNESCO inscribed WHS” after Ahmedabad. These cities are under tremendous pressure from modern development. Perhaps, how a city should function dwindles because its capacity to cater to a particular percentage of the population exceeds. The heritage cities witness the terrific problems of COVID-19 Pandemic due to the densely packed urban environment and poor infrastructure facilities, insufficient health and sanitation facilities, civic sense, the attitude of people towards serving the urban situation rising the spread of the contagious diseases. Such conditions prevailing in cities might trigger the epidemics to take place in the coming future. With the need to recognize such issues and challenges, the research thus focuses on developing planning measures for conserving the Heritage precincts post-pandemic. The study addresses to bring the historic structures back to its citizen and local requirements, characterizing the heritage city with the revised land-use plan. Furthermore, the outcome of this research is to assess the socio-economic impacts of WHS and Tourism post-pandemic by determining the issues and the challenges, cost-benefits analysis associated with the urban heritage.