Progressive Relaxation Research Articles

Effect of Deep Breathing Relaxation and Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Blood Pressure

Hypertension, characterized by diastolic pressure exceeding 90 mmHg and systolic pressure surpassing 140 mmHg, poses a significant health challenge often addressed through pharmacological antihypertensive therapy. This research endeavors to evaluate the impact of complementary interventions, specifically deep breathing relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation, on reducing blood pressure among hypertensive patients within the operational domain of the Kertasemaya Community Health Center in the Indramayu Regency in 2023. Adopting a Quasi-Experimental Design with a Pretest-Posttest and Control Group paradigm, the study engaged a cohort of 70 respondents stratified into intervention and control groups. The intervention group underwent a combined therapy of deep breathing relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation, followed by a meticulous post-test for final observations. Meanwhile, the control group underwent an initial blood pressure measurement (pre-test), a relaxation period of 15-30 minutes, and concluded with a post-test for final measurements. The study revealed a statistically significant influence (p=0.013) on average blood pressure within the intervention group compared to the control group. This disparity was observed both before and after the implementation of deep breathing relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation techniques among hypertensive respondents. These findings underscore the potential efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions in mitigating hypertension and enhancing patient well-being. The combination of deep breathing relaxation and progressive muscle relaxation emerges as a highly effective strategy in reducing blood pressure among hypertensive individuals. This integrative therapeutic approach showcases promising potential for promoting cardiovascular well-being, offering a valuable non-pharmacological avenue for hypertension management

Effect Of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Therapy And Slow Deep Breathing On Blood Pressure Of Elderly With Hypertension

Hypertension is one of the degenerative diseases that often appear in the elderly. This starts with a person's inability to control or maintain a stable condition of blood pressure in the body. The frequent visits of the elderly to the elderly Posyandu in Janti village with complaints and blood pressure above normal reflect the lack of efforts of the elderly in controlling or stabilizing blood pressure in the body. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation therapy andslow deep breathing on hypertension elderly blood pressure. Research design Like an experiment with a sample of 62 elderly people with hypertension, selected by purposive sampling technique which was then divided into 2 groups, 31 people in the treatment group were given a combination of progressive muscle relaxation andslow deep breathing, and 31 people in the control group were given therapyslow deep breathig. Data analysis used the Paired T-Test and Independent T-Test. The results of the study in the treatment group before being given the intervention obtained an average of 146.00 mmHg systolic, 91.52 mmHg diastolic (degree 1 hypertension). Independent T-Test analysis found on systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse value ρ = 0.000 < α = 0.05, meaning that there is a combination effect of progressive muscle relaxation and music therapy on blood pressure and pulse. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy and slow deep breathing can reduce blood pressure in elderly people with hypertension. It is hoped that this therapy can be used as a non-pharmacological therapy to help lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients in addition to using pharmacological therapy.

Efektivitas Intervensi Relaksasi Otot Progresif (ROP) terhadap Penurunan Tingkat Depresi pada Lansia: Case Report Keperawatan

The proportion of the elderly population is increasing every year, and the elderly are experiencing various changes, both in physical, mental and social aspects. The elderly are residents aged over 60 years. Elderly people often experience various psychological problems such as loneliness, isolation, helplessness, lack of self-confidence, post-power syndrome, anxiety disorders and depression. Depression is a mood disorder that can cause prolonged feelings of sadness and persistent loss of interest, characterized by prolonged sadness, mood swings, and lack of interest in activities. The tool used to measure the level of depression in this case report uses the GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale) instrument. In this case report, the results of an assessment of one 66 year old client were obtained with a GDS score of 11 which indicated moderate depression. Management of depression can use pharmacological or non-pharmacological therapy. This case report refers to the Indonesian Nursing Intervention Standards (SIKI) using progressive muscle relaxation (ROP). The ROP intervention was carried out at BPSTW Abiyoso Wisma Talkondo for seven days with three evaluations. The results obtained were that the client experienced a decrease in the level of depression with a score of 5, namely mild depression. It can be concluded that ROP is effective in reducing depression levels in the elderly.

Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux model and thermal enhancement in three‐dimensional MHD Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid flow over a bi‐directional stretching sheet with convective boundary conditions

AbstractInspired by the progressive relaxation characteristics of the Jeffrey model and its applied advantages in the rheological modeling of various dynamic fluids, the current study is focused to investigate the heat and mass transfer of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid flow over bi‐directional stretching sheet with convective boundary conditions. Additionally, the Cattaneo–Christov model of heat and mass flux is employed to take into consideration the time relaxation effects. The energy and concentration equation are taken into account to explore the effects of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. Homotopy analysis method (HAM) is employed for the solution of the current problem. Solution methodology is verified by comparing present results with those already published in open literature. The physical aspects of obtained graphical and numerical results are explained in detail to justify acquired trends. From the investigation, it is inferred that the magnetic and viscoelastic factors have a reducing influence on the flow profile along primary and secondary directions, while the stretching parameter has an increasing behavior on the flow profile in the secondary direction. Furthermore, the Brownian motion, magnetic parameter, and thermophoretic parameter have an escalating behavior on thermal distribution; however, the Brownian motion has a declining consequence on the concentration profile. The larger Biot number heightens the thermal and concentration distributions.

The influence of mindfulness meditation combined with progressive muscle relaxation training on the clinical efficacy and quality of life of patients with sarcopenia receiving haemodialysis: a randomised controlled trial

ObjectiveTo study the effect of mindfulness meditation combined with progressive muscle relaxation training on the clinical efficacy and quality of life in patients with sarcopenia receiving maintenance haemodialysis (MHD).MethodsEligible patients with sarcopenia in our hospital were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 24) and an intervention group (n = 25). The control group received conventional dialysis treatment, while the intervention group underwent mindfulness meditation combined with progressive muscle relaxation training during the interdialysis period in addition to conventional dialysis treatment. The effect of the intervention was evaluated after 12 weeks.ResultsThere were no significant differences in the baseline values of various parameters between the two groups. Exercise capacity (sit-to-stand test,handgrip,time to 10 sit-ups) significantly improved in the intervention group after 12 weeks (32.68 ± 8.32 vs 26.50 ± 6.83; 37.42 ± 10.12 vs 28.12 ± 8.51; 19.8 ± 5.40 vs 25.29 ± 7.18) (p < 0.05). In terms of the kidney disease quality of life (KDQOLTM) score, all other dimensions except sexual function, social functioning, burden of kidney disease and work status dimensions showed significant improvement compared to the baseline (p < 0.05). In the control group, only the dialysis staff encouragement (DSE) and patient satisfaction (PS) dimensions showed slight improvements compared to the baseline (p > 0.05). When compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant improvements in 10 dimensions of exercise capacity and KDQOLTM scores for physical function, role-physical, general health, energy, symptom/problem list, sleep, DSE, pain, cognitive function, emotional well-being and patient PS after 12 weeks (61.30 ± 5.38 vs 42.98 ± 5.73; 57.50 ± 3.55 vs 50.70 ± 3.62) (p < 0.05). Some inflammatory markers, such as the levels of interleukin-6 and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (30.29 ± 2.96 vs 17.65 ± 3.22; 8.93 ± 0.99 vs 3.02 ± 0.34), showed a decrease during the intervention, while albumin and prealbumin levels were significantly increased compared with the baseline (30.62 ± 1.65 vs 35.60 ± 1.68; 0.32 ± 0.05 vs 0.44 ± 0.07) (p < 0.05).ConclusionCombined intervention training can improve the motor ability and quality of life of patients with sarcopenia within a short period of time.

CARDIAC REHABILITATION AND PSYCHOLOGICAL TREATMENT: CONTRASTS IN ANXIETY, DEPRESSION AND ILLNESS PERCEPTION LEVELS

Abstract Background Investigating the relationship between psychological factors and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has long been a focal point of previous research. Researchers have primarily focused on identifying possible predictive factors for CVD’s development and examining patients’ responses during acute or chronic phases, but less is known about the role of cardiac rehabilitation and the types of psychological treatments on patients’ psychological status. Aims The aim of this study is to compare anxiety, depression, and illness perception levels of patients affected by different cardiovascular diseases at the beginning (t0), at the end (t1), and three months after a cardiac rehabilitation program (t2) in which patients were involved in three different types of psychological treatments: psychoeducational intervention group, progressive muscle relaxation training integrated with Jacobson‘s technique and imaginative stabilization techniques, individual counseling. Methods In this study were involved patients with recent episodes of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS), heart failure (HF) or cardiac surgery undergoing cardiac rehabilitation between January 2023 and August 2023 at ASST Bergamo Est. To assess anxiety, depression and illness perception levels of participants we used self–report questionnaires that included the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (Brief–IPQ). Patients could be assigned to different psychological treatments based on their clinical condition. Results The study involved 181 participants, namely N=36 ACS cases (19.9%), N=25 CHF (13.8%), and N=120 cardiac surgery (66.3%). As shown in Table 1, males were 71.3% (N=129) and the average age was 65.96 years old (SD=11.904). One hundred–sixty einght patients participated in psychoeducational intervention group, 120 in relaxation training, and 35 in individual counseling. Statistically significant differences in anxiety, depression, and illness perception levels were observed at the program‘s initiation (t0) and upon completion (t1 and t2) in relation to the psychological treatments: individual counseling had a better impact on levels of anxiety and depression and on the development of a more adequate perception of illness. Conclusions The type of psychological treatment during cardiac rehabilitation appears to give different results in terms of psychological status, self–care and disease management of patients.

Comments on energy conservation treatments for MS-related fatigue and a new proposal

Psychological treatments of MS-related fatigue mostly depend on energy conservation programs. We argue that the evidence for energy conservation training is weak – in contrast to some reviews on this topic. The reasons for our concerns are the use of informed passive control groups allowing negative placebo effects, the lack of predefined primary outcome parameter, statistically rather than clinically significant effects, and the use of insensitive fatigue questionnaires. We propose to base psychological interventions not on a view of fatigue as a constant loss of mental energy but as a subjective representation (“feeling”) of an inflammatory state, which draws away attentional capacity. This conceptualization allows to develop a three-step treatment approach: Getting short-term control on fatigue, extinction to reduce fatigue-related avoidance behavior, and a systematic increase of activities by pacing. Our proposal depends on the techniques, that can interrupt ongoing feelings of fatigue and can serve as a basis for extinction. We propose that Progressive Muscle Relaxation might be such a technique. The advantage of our model is that it shares similarities with well-established treatments for phobias and chronic pain and we discuss the shared set of assumptions. Hopefully, this will help to improve the treatment of fatigue in future.

Progressive Muscle Relaxation to Reduce Chronic Pain in Elderly with Hypertension: A Case Study

Increased blood pressure causes vascular damage to the blood vessels in the neck when carrying blood to the brain, resulting in pressure on the muscle nerve fibres, which causes head pain. One of the independent nursing interventions that can be used is Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR). This case study is to determine the application of PMR to reduce pain scale in elderly with hypertension at UPT PSTW Jember. This Final Scientific Work uses a descriptive design with the Case report method, which describes the application of Evidence-Based Nursing Practice, namely PMR, for headaches in the elderly with hypertension. Therapy is given to a patient in two meetings a day for seven days for 15 minutes. Measurement of pain scale using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). The results after being given PMR showed a decrease in pain levels by reviewing complaints of decreased pain, the average pain scale from 4.4 NRS to 3.4 NRS, the average systolic blood pressure from 155.7 mmHg to 142.8 mmHg and the average diastolic blood pressure from 94.2 mmHg to 90 mmHg. PMR therapy can reduce chronic pain by increasing the elasticity of blood vessels, reducing muscle tension and reducing headaches.

Progressive muscle relaxation alleviates anxiety and improves sleep quality among healthcare practitioners in a mobile cabin hospital: a pre-post comparative study in China.

To investigate the anxiety levels, sleep quality and potential risk factors of healthcare practitioners involved in the management of COVID-19 patients in a mobile cabin hospital, and further to assess the impact of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on their anxiety levels and sleep quality. We conducted a pre-post self-controlled trial. Healthcare practitioners meeting the inclusion criteria underwent daily 30-min PMR sessions for seven consecutive days. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to assess the anxiety and sleep quality of subjects pre- and post-intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon test, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis H test, and Spearman rank correlation. A total of 94 participants completed the study. No statistically significant differences in HAMA or PSQI total scores were observed between groups categorized based on demographic variables such as age, sex, and years of education (p > 0.05). The PSQI total score and its components (excluding sleep medication usage) exhibited a positive correlation with the HAMA total score and its psychological anxiety component (p < 0.05), and a correlation was observed between somatic anxiety manifestations and several components of the PSQI. The PSQI total scores before and after intervention were 10.0 (8.0, 13.0) and 8.0 (6.0, 9.0) respectively (p < 0.001); the HAMA total scores were 8.0 (5.0, 13.0) and 6.0 (4.0, 9.5) respectively (p < 0.001). The detection rates of poor sleep and anxiety states, along with their severity, significantly decreased post-intervention (p < 0.001). Healthcare practitioners experience prominent anxiety and sleep issues in the mobile cabin hospital. PMR can be an effective intervention for improving the anxiety and sleep quality of healthcare professionals during support periods in the mobile cabin hospital. However, trials with larger samples are necessitated to further affirm these preliminary findings.

"Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Aromatherapy, and Combination of Aroma Therapy on Depression for Elderly People"

"Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Aromatherapy, and Combination of Aroma Therapy on Depression for Elderly People"

Effects of progressive muscle relaxation exercises on the vital signs and fatigue in kidney transplant patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Multiple effective nursing interventions are needed to manage deviations from normal vital signs and fatigue experienced by kidney transplant patients. In this study, we investigated the effect of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) exercises on vital signs and fatigue in kidney transplant patients. We conducted a randomized controlled experimental study with 52 patients (intervention = 26, control = 26) who underwent kidney transplantation at a university hospital in Turkey and met the inclusion criteria. The "Descriptive Characteristics Form", "Vital Signs Monitoring Form", and "Fatigue Severity Scale" were used to record data on the patients. Then, the patients in the intervention group (baseline assessment) were trained to perform PMR exercises, asked to practice, and followed up (first follow-up). Patients were recommended to perform PMR exercises for 20min every day for four weeks. The second follow-up in the second week after discharge and the third follow-up at the end of the fourth week were performed in the outpatient clinic. We found that the pulse rate, body temperature, and arterial blood pressure decreased over time and oxygen saturation increased in the patients of the intervention group. The PMR exercises decreased fatigue in these patients. The arterial blood pressure and oxygen saturation values differed significantly across different time points among the patients in the control group. The difference in the scores of fatigue severity between the pre-follow-up and the third follow-up in the control group was not significant. PMR exercises were found to be an effective nursing intervention in regulating vital signs and reducing fatigue in renal transplant patients.

Holistic approaches to living well with endometriosis

Endometriosis is a common chronic condition for which there is currently no cure. Those suffering from endometriosis-related pelvic pain (ERPP) may struggle with side effects and/or risks presented by conventional medical and surgical treatment strategies, or not get pain relief. Increasing numbers of endometriosis patients wish to explore holistic management with fewer side effects, however it is important that medical professionals maintain an evidence-based practice for recommended treatments. We present up-to-date evidence of holistic strategies used for managing ERPP including nutritional strategies, body and mind therapies, acupuncture, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the use of adjunct devices such as phallus length reducers and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS). Recent findings Nutrition: Gluten-free, low-nickel and high intake of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids diets improve ERPP. Low FODMAP (fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols) is helpful in those with concurrent irritable bowel syndrome. Body and mind: Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is particularly beneficial in postoperative pain reduction, whilst mindfulness has been shown to reduce pain scores and dyschezia. Progressive muscle relaxation therapy and regular yoga sessions improve ERPP and Quality of life. Acupuncture: 15 randomised control trials assessing acupuncture and moxibustion show improved pain scores when compared to those receiving conventional therapies alone. Adjunct devices: TENS improves deep dyspareunia and lessens the number of days pain is experienced. Conclusions Holistic management strategies for ERPP should be incorporated into routine counselling when discussing conservative, medical and or surgical treatments for endometriosis. The growing evidence presented for the use of holistic management strategies gives hope to those patients who cannot have, or don’t respond to conventional approaches and as an adjunct alongside standard treatments.

The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) on Stress Level of Diabetes Mellitus Patients

The Effect of Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR) on Stress Level of Diabetes Mellitus Patients

A Bibliometric Study on The Application of Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training in The Nursing Field in China

Objective: To systematically analyze the research status and application of progressive muscle relaxation training (PMRT) in the nursing field in China, and provide a reference basis for scientific research in this field. Methods: The bibliometric method was adopted in “progressive muscle relaxation training” or “PMRT,” and “nursing.” The established database was included in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Wanfang Medical Network. The relevant articles in the Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP) were analyzed. Results: A total of 169 literatures were included. The journals, years, and regions of literature publication were uneven, mainly originating from the eastern region (43.19%), and listed the application of progressive muscle relaxation training in the field of nursing in China. Intervention literature information was mainly dominated by experimental studies (97%). Conclusion: The related research and application of progressive muscle relaxation training in nursing in China is increasing, but there is a lack of objective evaluation of outcome indicators and a short intervention period. Further research should be conducted in the future to effectively guide the development of PMRT in the field of nursing in China.

Prevention Of Hypertension Complications In Older Adults By Education and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Techniques

Every older adult has a risk of suffering from chronic disease including hypertension. Older adults who live in Nursing Homes in Manado also have the same risk. The result of the study showed that there are 50% of older adults in Senja Cerah Nursing Home and 30% of older adults in Damai Ranomuut nursing home suffering hypertension. Appropriate action is needed to solve this problem so that, the complications of hypertension can be prevented. The solution to this problem is education about hypertension and progressive muscle relaxation techniques exercise. This activity is divided into three stages: preparation, implementation, and evaluation. Preparations made include coordinating with the orphanage, preparing the place for activities, and preparing materials. The implementation of the activity is divided into two parts: education about hypertension and progressive muscle relaxation techniques exercise. The evaluation carried out are structural evaluation and process evaluation. Participants who participated in this activity totaled 24 older adults. The evaluations result showed that there is an increase in the knowledge of the older adults about hypertension after education and older adults are able to perform movements in progressive muscle relaxation technique exercise.

The Effect of Guided Imagery and Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Sedation in Patients Undergoing Noninvasive Mechanical Ventilation

Mental imagery and relaxation are noninvasive methods and can easily be used by the patient. Accordingly, this study aimed to detect the effect of guided mental imagery (GI) and progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on sedation in patients undergoing noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV). This clinical trial study was carried out in the Shahid Modarres Hospital in 2022 and encompassed 80 patients with COVID-19 undergoing NIV, who were assigned to two intervention and control groups. The sedation survey scale was used to collect the required data. Before the intervention, the two groups completed the questionnaires, and then the relaxation program was presented during four sessions for the intervention group. This study included 80 patients with a mean age (± SD) of 59.59 ± 9.27 years. The Quade nonparametric ANCOVA revealed the significant impact of intervention on the post values of Total score (p-value < 0.001), Tolerance (p-value < 0.001), Calmness (p-value < 0.001), Ventilator synchrony (p-value < 0.001), face relaxation (p-value < 0.001), Consciousness (p-value = 0.009) and Awakeness (p-value = 0.020). The study findings demonstrated the effectiveness of relaxation program in promoting sedation in patients undergoing NIV. Accordingly, intensive care unit (ICU) nurses at our institution are encouraged to use PMR and GI to sedation of patients under NIV.

Emotion Regulation as a Mechanism of Mindfulness in Individual Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression and Anxiety Disorders

Background. The global prevalence of depression and anxiety disorders underscores the need for a more profound comprehension of effective treatments. Mindfulness has shown promise in enhancing treatment outcomes and preventing relapse in these conditions, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods. This study examined the role of emotion regulation as a mediator in the relationship between changes in mindfulness and the reduction of depression and anxiety symptoms during individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). We tracked longitudinal changes in mindfulness, emotion regulation, depression, and anxiety at baseline (pre), early treatment (session 5), midtreatment (session 15), and posttreatment (session 25) in 162 patients with depression and anxiety disorders. Further, we examined whether the effects of mindfulness on emotion regulation could be enhanced by introducing a brief mindfulness intervention at the beginning of each CBT session, as compared to progressive muscle relaxation and individual psychotherapy without any standardized session-introducing interventions. Results. Multilevel structural equation modeling indicated that decreases in rumination and increases in reappraisal and acceptance mediated the relationship between mindfulness and reductions in depressive symptoms. In contrast, reductions in avoidance explained the association between mindfulness and changes in anxiety symptoms. These links remained unchanged when adding a mindfulness intervention into individual CBT. Conclusion. Results support emotion regulatory properties of mindfulness and highlight distinct pathways of symptom reduction in depression and anxiety. These findings have important implications for understanding the mechanisms of mindfulness and tailoring treatment to individual patient needs. This trial is registered with NTC02270073.

Effectiveness of aromatherapy with lavender compared to progressive muscle relaxation on anxiety and vital signs in patients under spinal anesthesia: A randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy with lavender essential oil compared to progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) on anxiety and vital signs of patients under spinal anesthesia. Materials and Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 120 spinal anesthesia candidates who were randomly assigned into three groups of 40 including control, PMR (Jacobsen group), and aromatherapy. The state-trait anxiety inventory was completed on surgery day and 15 min after the end of the intervention by the samples of all three groups, and at the same time as completing the questionnaire, vital signs were also measured and recorded. Results: The mean score of anxiety after intervention was lower than that before the intervention in the aromatherapy group (P &lt; 0.001). The mean score of anxiety in the aromatherapy group was significantly lower than that in the Jacobsen group (P &lt; 0.001). Moreover, data analysis showed a significant decrease in the mean arterial blood pressure scores of the PMR (P = 008) and aromatherapy (P &lt; 0.001) groups and a statistically significant increase in the mean heart rate scores in the control group (P = 0.002). Conclusion: The use of aromatherapy with lavender is more effective than PMR therapy in reducing the anxiety level of patients undergoing spinal anesthesia. Due to the high level of anxiety and its serious effects on the patient’s hemodynamics, aromatherapy with lavender can be used as an easy and cheap method to reduce anxiety in operation rooms.

A scoping review of the literature on interventions to reduce stress and burnout among teachers.

IntroductionExperience of chronic stress among professionals is a risk factor for poor mental and physical well-being. There is limited knowledge regarding the kinds of interventions, and outcomes achieved using different modalities to address stress and burnout among teachers.ObjectivesTo undertake a scoping review of recent literature to determine psychological interventions and reported outcomes related to stress and burnout among teachers.MethodsThe PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews was followed. Relevant search terms were used to determine different interventions adopted to reduce teachers’ stress and burnout. Articles published between 2018 and 2022 were identified using five bibliographic databases. Relevant articles were extracted, reviewed, collated, and thematically analyzed, and findings s were summarized.Results Forty studies conducted in Asia, North America, Oceania, Europe, and Africa, met the inclusion criteria. Sixteen kinds of burnout and stress-reduction interventions were identified. The most popularly studied intervention were Mindfulness-Based Interventions alone or in combination with yoga or Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), followed by Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT). Mindfulness-Based Interventions led to decreased overall Teacher Stress Inventory (TSI) and emotional exhaustion subscale scores. REBT, primarily used with special education teachers, especially in Africa, has also shown positive results. Other interventions reporting positive outcomes include Inquiry-Based Stress Reduction (IBSR), the Stress Management and Resiliency Training Program (SMART), Cyclic Meditation, Group Sandplay, Progressive Muscle Relaxation, Autogenic Training, Sport-Based Physical Activity, Emotional Intelligence Ability Models and Christian Prayer and Prayer-ReflectionImage:ConclusionsStress and burnout can have a negative impact on teachers and, very often, on the students they teach. Implementing suitable school-based interventions are necessary to improve teachers’ stress-coping ability, reduce the likelihood of burnout and improve general well-being. Policymakers, governments, school boards and administrators should prioritize the implementation of school-based awareness and intervention programs to mitigate teacher stress and burnout.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The impact of ruminative thought style on the maintenance of depressive mood

Introduction Ruminations are a cognitive style of “thought recycling”, which involves passively and repeatedly focusing on disorder and distress symptoms, or their causes, without attempting to alleviate them. They are a significant indicator of cognitive vulnerability, predicting the emergence, maintenance, and recurrence of depressive symptoms.ObjectivesTo estimate the impact of the ruminative thought style on the maintenance and escalation of depressive mood.Methods The research sample consisted of 60 students between the ages of 19 and 30 (M = 23), divided into two experimental groups with 30 participants each. The participants took part in a 5-minute experiment that involved recalling an autobiographically sad event, assessing their mood on the Scale for Self-Assessment of Emotions (EAS) before and after the induction, and then splitting into two groups of 30 participants for random ruminating or distraction. The Beck Depression Inventory-II, the Ruminative Response Scale, the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire, and the EAS were used as research instruments. The progressive group relaxation approach was used at the end of the experiment with all participants to promote relaxation and lessen the psychophysical tension brought on by the experimental induction (10 minutes total).ResultsThe experimental groups did not differ in mood intensity prior to the induction of sadness. Both experimental groups experienced significant impacts on depressed mood following the induction of sadness (F (1,58) =92.05, p&lt;0.001): participants who ruminated demonstrated persistence in their negative mood, whereas participants who engaged in distractions demonstrated a decrease in their negative mood, even below the initial level (F (2,116) =12.69, p&lt;0.001).Conclusions This result provides an additional experimental validation of the phenomenon of maintaining a depressive mood through ruminations. An essential psychotherapy goal should be the treatment (metacognitive therapy, rumination-focused CBT, mindfulness, cognitive bias correction, etc.) of such mechanisms, recognized as crucial for the maintenance of depression.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared