Jacob Milgrom Research Articles

The Minor Prophets: An Exegetical and Expository Commentary, volume 1: Hosea, Joel, and Amos (review)

Hebrew Studies 35 (1994) 183 Reviews this is perhaps the most extraordinary feature of this commentary, its failure to interact with or even acknowledge views with which Levine disagrees. As a mere European, I looked in vain for any mention of modem German or British commentaries or monographs on Leviticus. But then I realized we were not the only ones deliberately ignored. The most prolific author of all on this area, Jacob Milgrom, is mentioned, I think, in only one footnote. In short, this commentary needs to be used with discretion. Caveat emptor. G.J. Wenham Cheltenham and Gloucester College ofHigher Education Cheltenham. ENGlAND THE MINOR PROPHETS: AN EXEGETICAL AND EXPOSITORY COMMENTARY, VOLUME 1: HOSEA, JOEL, AND AMOS. Thomas Edward McComiskey, ed. Pp. x + 509. Grand Rapids: Baker, 1992. Cloth, $34.95. The first in a three-volume series, this commentary follows the tradition of Keil and Delitzsch, pairing close attention to the Hebrew text with Christian evangelical hermeneutics. After a brief introduction explaining format, the volume divides into discrete commentaries. Within each, the author's translation of a pericope is printed in a parallel column with the NRSV; a split page then divides exegetical from expository comments. The exegetical section contains philological, historical and other notes, giving significant words in Hebrew, and English translations in parentheses. The expository comments include further discussion and more confessional application. Here, Hebrew words are transliterated. While each commentary bears distinctive characteristics, all are informed by evangelical understandings. Each considers the Protestant canon as a unity and the character of God as unchangeable, such that the New Testament can inform the Old. Presupposing Mosaic authorship of the Pentateuch, the authors trace Pentateuchal quotes in the prophetic books. Their translations attempt to follow the MT as closely as possible, consulting the Versions though rarely emending in favor of them and consciously avoiding the inclusive language of the NRSV. Thomas McComiskey, Professor of Old Testament Exegesis and Biblical Theology at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, authors the Hosea commentary . He follows a short introduction on background matters with an Hebrew Studies 35 (1994) 184 Reviews outline of the book and a fairly limited bibliography. His exegetical comments offer some linguistic help, although he relies heavily on the authority of Gesenius-Kautzsch-Cowley (GKC). Infrequent references to secondary literature are usually to Andersen and Freedman. In his treatment of Hosea 1-3, McComiskey rejects a purely allegorical reading of the prophet's marriage and instead explicates Hosea's biography. Based on a literal reading of 1:2, he contends that Gomer had children previous to her marriage to Hosea, such that chap. 2 addresses both these adopted children and those born to Hosea. These marital woes resurface in chap. 3 (where Hosea redeems this same "brazen woman," p. 50) and throughout the book. The entire book of Hosea, including passages directed to Judah, is treated as a unity, since hope was an integral part of the prophetic message. For McComiskey, this hope extends into the present: the prophet announced punishment only to his own time while articulating promises that hold for all people. Consequently, Hosea's words can be seen as predicting later events: for example, 3:5 accurately describes our day in which Israel has no king, no longer practices idolatry, and no longer observes the levitical institution of sacrifices (p. 54). The book of Joel is treated by Raymond Bryan Dillard, Professor of Old Testament Language and Literature at Westminster Theological Seminary. Dillard's introduction is more extensive and helpful than McComiskey's, explaining clearly various arguments for the date ofJoel, its literary structure and its unity. His bibliography also is more inclusive and more integrated into his discussions. According to Dillard, the book of Joel is a postexilic document reflecting on a devastating locust plague. For the prophet, "the locust plague as the manifestation of divine wrath is viewed as a harbinger of the yet greater and more dreadful day of Yahweh" (p. 266). Non-conventional secondary literature on crops and insects aids Dillard in translating the vocabulary and mood of this crisis. Dillard's comments on Joel contain less confessional application, though he does deal with 3:1-2's relevance to the Pentecost...

Leviticus 1-16: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary

Jacob Milgrom, a rabbi and Bible scholar, has devoted the bulk of his career to examining the laws of the Torah. His incisive commentary on Leviticus, which began with Leviticus 1-16, continues in this last volume of three. It provides an authoritative and comprehensive explanation of ethical values concealed in Israel's rituals. Although at first glance Leviticus seems far removed from the modern-day world, Milgrom's thoughtful and provocative comments and notes reveal its enduring relevance to contemporary society.Leviticus 23-27 brings us to the climactic end of the book and its revolutionary innovations, among which are the evolution of the festival calendar with its emphasis on folk traditions, and the jubilee, the priestly answer to the socio-economic problems of their time.With English translations that convey the nuance and power of the original Hebrew, this trilogy will take its place alongside the best of the Anchor Bible Commentaries.

The Feminine Unconventional: Four Subversive Figures in Israel's Tradition (review)

Hebrew Studies 35 (1994) 171 Reviews pp.38-39 p.51,n.6 pp. 75-82 p. 79 p.85,n.67 p.87 p.88 Hand-leaning is not "an act of dedication to sacrificial death," but an act of identification of the sacrifice's offerer (my commentary , pp. 150-153.) Overlooked is 21:24, whose important purpose is to indicate that the instructions to the priests are not their exclusive law but belong to all of Israel. I oppose the function of "appease" for reah niMh. This expression does not appear in any of the exclusively expiatory sacrifices, the purification and reparation offerings (with the exception of 4:31, where it is probably an intrusion)--even though one of their functions is to appease! The connection between hand-leaning and atonement (v. 4) is that the former is indispensable for the latter. I prefer "burnt offering" for 'Blah (my commentary, pp. 72-74). The text presumes one officiating priest and others to assist him, as proven by 7:8, but only the officiant receives the animal's skin (my commentary, p. 163). The verb Sohal means "slit the throat" (my commentary, pp. 154-155), and the other verbs are equally precise. To this reviewer's unskillful eye, the text is free of typos with the exception of the Hebrew on pp. 63 and 88. Jacob Milgrom University o/California at Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94707 THE FEMININE UNCONVENTIONAL: FOUR SUBVERSIVE FIGURES IN ISRAEL'S TRADITION. By Andre LaCocque. Overtures to Biblical Theology. Pp. xvi + 144. Minneapolis: Fortress Press. 1990. Paper. Written to celebrate four female characters from Israel's tradition and the contributions they made to Israel's salvation history, LaCocque's book suggests that each is at the center of a story which is part of a "Second Commonwealth subversive literature" (p. xlii). Part of the concern of this literature of protest. according to LaCocque, was to return to the halcyon days Hebrew Studies 3S (1994) 172 Reviews at the beginning of Israel's history when, he believes, equality reigned, including equality between the sexes. He explains, relying on Norman Gottwald and Carol Meyers, how this equality eroded over time, leading to the subordination of women, although he does not explain how the Second Temple coinmunity would have been aware of the lost equality. While LaCocque argues convincingly that all four stories are products of the Second Temple period and are protest literature against the rules and regulations of the Jewish hierarchy, specifically the demand to divorce foreign wives, and while his portrayals of these women are positive and respectful , there is little by way of feminist analysis of the stories. To be fair, the book makes no pretensions of being from a feminist perspective per se, but the title and subject would lead one to expect it, and such a perspective would have strengthened the author's case. This is most glaringly illustrated by LaCocque's praise for the feminine (read: gentle and refined, never strident ) methods used by each woman, which betrays an acceptance of stereotypical standards of appropriate female behavior. The stories of the four women are preceded by a rambling and somewhat unfocused second chapter. Its goal is to acquaint the reader with the situation of women in the ancient Near East and in Israel. However, the author weakens his discussion by venturing into other topics, such as theories about the beginning of human history and culture, and explanations about what he believes are the basic differences between women and men, neither of which seem apropos of the subject at hand. The first of the four female characters he discusses is Susanna. This is the most difficult story to fit into his thesis, since Susanna must be painted as a "feminine unconventional" when all she does is refuse to commit adultery and then wait to be rescued by Daniel, who is wise and clever. The woman is righteous, the child wise; the child triumphs against the evil men and saves the woman. The story may be subversive as LaCocque says, with a prophetic child challenging the Jewish elders; but nothing is subversive about Susanna, who does no more than protect her sexuality. The author...

Two Kinds of P? Some Reflections On the Occasion of the Publishing of Jacob Milgrom's Commentary On Leviticus 1-16

Two Kinds of P? Some Reflections On the Occasion of the Publishing of Jacob Milgrom's Commentary On Leviticus 1-16

Leviticus 1-16: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary

Book Review| July 01 1993 Leviticus 1-16: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary Leviticus 1-16: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary, Jacob Milgrom. Frank H. Gorman,, Jr. Frank H. Gorman,, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Biblical Literature (1993) 112 (2): 324–326. https://doi.org/10.2307/3267236 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Frank H. Gorman,; Leviticus 1-16: A New Translation with Introduction and Commentary. Journal of Biblical Literature 1 January 1993; 112 (2): 324–326. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3267236 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveSBL PressJournal of Biblical Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Book Reviews You do not currently have access to this content.

The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth: Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman in Celebration of His Sixtieth Birthday. Carol L. Meyers and M. O'Connor, eds.

Preface Foreword Abbreviations Sharing the Results of Scholarly Research Philip J. King I. Hebrew Poetry and Prophecy Isaiah 33: An Isaianic Elaboration of the Zion Tradition J. J. M. Roberts Isaiah 55: Invitation to a Feast Richard J. Clifford MSRT HBRYT, 'the obligation of the covenant,' in Ezekiel 20:37 Moshe Greenberg The Minor Prophets and Ebla Mitchell Dahood The use of tora in Haggai 2:11 and the Role of the Prophet in the Restoration Community Eric M. Meyers Dating the Book of Malachi: A Linguistic Reexamination Andrew E. Hill Psalm 2 and Belit's Oracle for Ashurbanipal Helmer Ringgren New Exodus, Covenant, and Restoration in Psalm 23 Michael L. Barre, S. S., and John S. Kselman, S. S. Studies in the Structure of Hebrew Verse: The Prosody of Lamentations 1:1-22 Frank Moore Cross Sirach 10:19-11:6: Textual Criticism, Poetic Analysis, and Exegesis Alexander Di Lella, O.F.M. 'Prose Particle' Counts of the Hebrew Bible Francis I. Andersen and A. Dean Forbes Hoy and Hoy-Oracles: A Neglected Syntactic Aspect Delbert R. Hillers II. The Prose of the Hebrew Bible A Syllable-Word Structure Analysis of Genesis 12-23 Cornelius B. Houk Abraham and David in the Theology of the Yahwist Jack R. Lundbom The Two Pericopes on the Purification Offering Jacob Milgrom The Composition of Deuteronomy 5-11 Brian Peckham Levitical History and the Role of Joshua Robert Boling Judges 9 and Biblical Archeology Edward F. Campbell, Jr. The Ritual Dedication of the City of David in 2 Samuel 6 P. Kyle McCarter, Jr. Rab-saris or Rab-shakeh in 2 Kings 18 Hayim Tadmor Derios, der Meder Klaus Koch III. History and Institutions of Israel The Proto-History of Israel: A Study in Method Abraham Malamat The Identity of the Biblical sir a Oded Borowski Israelites as gerim, 'Sojourners,' in Social and Historical Context Frank Anthony Spina Gender Roles and Genesis 3:16 Revisited Carol L. Meyers Priestly Divination in Israel Herbert B. Huffmon Social Transformation and Ritual in 2 Samuel 6 James W. Flanagan David's Relations with Hiram: Biblical and Josephan Evidence for Tyrian Chronology Alberto R. Green Pollution, Purification, and Purgation in Biblical Israel Tikva Frymer-Kensky Jerusalem in der Sicht des Ezechielbuches Walther Zimmerli 587 ou 586? Henri Cazelles, S. S. IV. Northwest Semitic Epigraphy Writing Systems, Native Speaker Analyses, and the Earliest Stages of Northwest Semitic Orthography M. O'Connor The Descriptive Ritual Texts from Ugarit: Some Formal and Functional Features of the Genre Baruch A. Levine The Gezer Jar Signs: New Evidence of the Earliest Alphabet Joe D. Seger The Discovery of the Moabite Stone Siegfried H. Horn Ammonite Personal Names in the Context of the West Semitic Onomasticon Kent P. Jackson Social Organization in Egyptian Military Settlements of the Sixth-Fourth Centuries B.C.E.: dgl and mt. Aramaic Papyri in the Egyptian Museum: Missing Endorsements Bezalel Porten The Historical, Linguistic, and Biblical Significance of the Khirbet et-Kom Ostraca Lawrence T. Geraty The Background of the Paleo-Hebrew Texts and Qumran K. A. Mathews V. Other Perspectives Material Remains and the Cult in Ancient Israel: An Essay in Archeological Systematics William G. Dever Two Palestinian Segments from the Eblaite Geographical Atlas William H. Shea Baal, Lord of the Earth: The Ugaritic Baal Epic Lawrence E. Toombs The Zoroastrian Cosmos Gernot L. Windfuhr Nabateans and the Hisma: In the Footsteps of Glueck and Beyond David F. Graf Matthew 12:40 as an Interpretation of 'The Sign of Jonah' Against its Biblical Background George M. Landes Jewish Reaction to Christian Borrowings Cyrus H. Gordon Humanism and the Rise of Hebraic Studies: From Christian to Jewish Renaissance M. H. Goshen-Gottstein Prague Structuralism in American Biblical Scholarship: Performance and Potential Stanislav Segert Prophet, Poet, Shaman: The Bible and the Literature of Western America David Robertson Bibliography of the Works of David Noel Freedman M. O'Connor

The Quest for the Kingdom of God, Studies in Honor of George E. Mendenhall. H. B. Huffmon, F. A. Spina, and A. R. W. Green.

George Emery Mendenhall: An Appreciation The Editors I. THE FEDERATION AND THE EARLY MONARCHY Two Models for the Origins of Ancient Israel: Social Revolution or Frontier Development - Norman K. Gottwald The Sack of Israel - John L. McKenzie Succession and Genealogy in the Davidic Dynasty - James W. Flanagan II. COVENANT AND LAW Enforcing the Covenant: The Mechanisms of Judicial Authority in Early Israel - Robert R. Wilson Covenant in Narratives from Late OT Times - Dennis J. McCarthy, S. J. In Praise of the Israelite Mispaha: Legal Themes in the Book of Ruth - Baruch A. Levine III. PROPHECY AND POETRY The Social Role of Amos' Message - Herbert B. Huffmon Prophetic Eschatological Visions and the Kingdom of God - Walter Harrelson The Divine King and the Human Community in Isaiah's Vision of the Future - J. J. M. Roberts Imperial Dream: Text and Sense of Mic 5:4b-5 - Delbert R. Hillers Discourse on Prophetic Discourse - David Noel Freedman Studies in the Structure of Hebrew Verse: The Prosody of the Psalm of Jonah - Frank M. Cross IV. ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORY The Use of Ethnography in an Archaeological Research Design - Albert E. Glock Social Stratification and Cultural Continuity at Alalakh - Alberto R. W. Green What is a Temple? A Preliminary Typology - John M. Lundquist 'Your Father Was an Amorit' (Ezek 16:3, 45): An Essay on the Amorite Problem in OT Traditions - J. Tracy Luke Heshbon: The First Casualty in the Israelite Quest for the Kingdom of God - Lawrence T. Geraty V. BIBLICAL IDEOLOGY Magic, Monotheism, and the Sin of Moses - Jacob Milgrom Qoheleth and the Reformation of Wisdom - Frank A. Spina From Holy War to Holy Martyrdom - William H. Brownlee George Emery Mendenhall, A Bibliography - M. O'Connor INDEXES Author Index Scripture Index

Religious Conversion and the Revolt Model for the Formation of Israel

Research Article| June 01 1982 Religious Conversion and the Revolt Model for the Formation of Israel Jacob Milgrom Jacob Milgrom Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Biblical Literature (1982) 101 (2): 169–176. https://doi.org/10.2307/3260716 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Permissions Search Site Citation Jacob Milgrom; Religious Conversion and the Revolt Model for the Formation of Israel. Journal of Biblical Literature 1 June 1982; 101 (2): 169–176. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3260716 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveSBL PressJournal of Biblical Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 1982 Society of Biblical Literature1982 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

Jacob Milgrom: Cult and conscience: the asham and the priestly doctrine of repentance. (Studies in Judaism in Late Antiquity, Vol. 18.) xiii, 173 pp. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1976. Guilders 64.

Jacob Milgrom: Cult and conscience: the asham and the priestly doctrine of repentance. (Studies in Judaism in Late Antiquity, Vol. 18.) xiii, 173 pp. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1976. Guilders 64.

REVIEWS

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Cult and Conscience: The Asham and the Priestly Doctrine of Repentance. By JACOB MILGROM. Pp. xiii+173. (Studies in Judaism in Late Antiquity, 18.) Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1976. gld. 64. J. B. SEGAL J. B. SEGAL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume XXIX, Issue 1, April 1978, Page 171, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/XXIX.1.171 Published: 01 April 1978

In the Presence of the Lord: A Study of Cult and Some Cultic Terms in Ancient Israel

Book Review| June 01 1976 In the Presence of the Lord: A Study of Cult and Some Cultic Terms in Ancient Israel In the Presence of the Lord: A Study of Cult and Some Cultic Terms in Ancient Israel, Baruch A. Levine. Jacob Milgrom Jacob Milgrom Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Biblical Literature (1976) 95 (2): 291–293. https://doi.org/10.2307/3265248 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Jacob Milgrom; In the Presence of the Lord: A Study of Cult and Some Cultic Terms in Ancient Israel. Journal of Biblical Literature 1 June 1976; 95 (2): 291–293. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3265248 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveSBL PressJournal of Biblical Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 1976 Society of Biblical Literature1976 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN STUDIES

ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN STUDIES Get access In the Presence of the Lord A Study of Cult and Some Cultic Terms in Ancient Israel (Studies in Judaism in Late Antiquity, vol. 5). By BARUCH A. LEVINE. Leiden Brill, 1974 xiii+154 pages. 58 guilders. ISBN 90-04-03894-9. JACOB MILGROM JACOB MILGROM University of CaliforniaBerkeley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XLIV, Issue 3, September 1976, Page 564, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XLIV.3.564 Published: 01 September 1976

Mikra Ki-Pheshuto: The Bible According to Its Literal Meaning

Book Review| June 01 1970 Mikrâ Ki-Pheshutô: The Bible According to Its Literal Meaning Mikrâ Ki-Pheshutô: The Bible According to Its Literal Meaning, Arnold B. Ehrlich and Harry M. Orlinsky. Jacob Milgrom Jacob Milgrom Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Journal of Biblical Literature (1970) 89 (2): 236–238. https://doi.org/10.2307/3263064 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Jacob Milgrom; Mikrâ Ki-Pheshutô: The Bible According to Its Literal Meaning. Journal of Biblical Literature 1 June 1970; 89 (2): 236–238. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3263064 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All Scholarly Publishing CollectiveSBL PressJournal of Biblical Literature Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 1970 Society of Biblical Literature1970 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.