Jabuticaba Tree Research Articles

Establishment of Sinoxylon anale Lesne (Coleoptera, Bostrichidae) in Brazil: Identification, Host Plants, Distribution, and Damage.

Damage from Sinoxylon anale Lesne, a woodboring beetle not previously known to be established in Brazil, was observed in young jabuticaba trees (Plinia cauliflora, Myrtaceae) in a nursery in the municipality of Laranjal Paulista, state of São Paulo. We immediately advised MAPA ("Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento") and collected samples from the nursery and from different hosts in nearby areas, to identify the specimens and investigate the dynamics of the infestation in the jabuticaba trees. Sinoxylon anale was also collected in ethanol-baited and ultraviolet-light traps and in dry branches of the native species pau-jacaré (Piptadenia gonoacantha, Fabaceae) and inga (Inga vera, Fabaceae), and the exotic pau-d'água (Dracaena fragrans, Asparagaceae) in the municipality of Piracicaba, state of São Paulo. These collections established that S. anale larvae and adults develop in dead branches of four new host plants. Taxonomic studies using morphological parameters and DNA barcoding confirmed the identification of S. anale. An illustrated key to the three Sinoxylon species now recorded in Brazil is provided, and the COI gene sequences have been made available in a public database. Sinoxylon anale probably attacked the young jabuticaba trees after they were killed by larvae of long-horned beetles (Cerambycidae). So far, S. anale has been found established only in two locations in the same area of the state of São Paulo.

Perspectives for application of jabuticaba and its residues

Native tropical fruits have received increasing prominence for being rich sources of bioactive compounds that can add value to industrial processing, in the agricultural sector, and biological and chemical studies. Accordingly, jabuticaba is Brazilian tropical fruit with high growth in the market, with great potential for application in sectors that use anthocyanins and phenolic compounds at some stage of processing. This scenario's perception motivated the development of the present bibliometric study to collect and analyze data extracted from the Scopus platform on the use of jabuticaba and its residues in different applications. The papers were evaluated for annual publication profile, geographical distribution, keywords, research subject areas, most productive journals and authors, most cited papers, and hot issues on selected literature. Among the articles analyzed, Brazil led the ranking of documents registered on the theme, whose growth outlook is optimistic for the coming years, especially with the knowledge of the jabuticaba tree's cultivation and needs. Keywords analysis confirmed the potentiality of the jabuticaba due to its phenolic compounds, opening space for discussion of its benefits in the areas of Agricultural and Biological Sciences; Chemistry; Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, as well as Medicine and Nursing.

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DE FRUTOS DE JABUTICABA ‘SABARÁ’ PROVENIENTES DA REGIÃO DE JATAÍ-GO

Native of Brazil south center, the jabuticaba tree id found since the Para state to Rio Grande do Sul, Minas Gerais and Espirito Santo. Belonging to Myrtaceae family, the “Sabara” jabuticaba occurs more frequently, being consumed more. The fruit has high nutricional value with significative source of water, carbohydrates, food fibers and C vitamin. Aimed with this study evaluate the physical and chemistry characteristics of “Sabara” jabuticaba from three origins of Jatai-GO region. The fruits were harvest in November of 2018. For each origin were selected 100 fruits and evaluated length/diameter, fruits weight, pulp yield, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, C vitamin content, relation soluble solids content/titratable acidity and epidermis and pulp coloring as to the L*, C* and h° coordinates. The experimental design used was the completely randomized, containing as treatments fruits of three origins of “Sabara” jabuticaba, with 10 repetitions and 10 fruits per parcel. The medias were compared for the Scott-Knott test, adopting the probability level of 1%. The origin 1 stood out with bigger fruits in length, diameter, fresh weight of the fruit and pulp yield.

Phenological stages of native Myrtaceae species based on the BBCH scale

The aim of this study was to characterize the development of flowers and fruits in native species of the family Myrtaceae based on the BBCH scale in search for unique and unpublished information about the Brazilian flora. The study was conducted in the Native Fruit Collection of the Federal Technological University of Parana, Campus Dois Vizinhos. We carried out photographic monitoring of eight species of the family Myrtaceae: pitanga tree, araçá-amarelo tree, cereja-da-mata tree, jabuticaba tree, ubajaí tree, guabiju tree, guabiroba tree, and sete-capote tree. The phenological stages follow the general BBCH scale for fruit species, in which the complete cycle of plant development is subdivided into 10 main phases. This study is the first to describe the phenological stages of these species according to the BBCH scale, which facilitates verification of all phases of different vegetative and reproductive stages of the investigated species. Such scales may serve as important and useful tools for appropriate management of orchards, and thereby improved fruit cultivation.

Fenologia, produtividade e qualidade de frutos de jabuticabeiras de diferentes idades das plantas

Despite the increase in the demand for native fruits, little has been explored regarding the behavior of the species in the main producing regions. The objective of this study was to describe the phenology, productivity and fruit quality of 18 and 32 year-old jabuticaba trees propagated by seed in the municipality of Hidrolândia, GO, the main producing region of the fruit in the Central-West Region. It was verified that the jabuticaba trees vegetative development occurs from November to August. Their reproductive period, when irrigated, occurs September to October, varying from 29 to 46 days, being influenced by the plant’s age and by climatic factors. Regarding the reproductive phenophases and the productivity of the jabuticaba tree, the plants have variable reproduction periods, productivity, fruit size and pulp yield. As for the factors that determine the quality of the fruits, the age of the plant did not influence the quality

Estimation of the genetic diversity of jabuticaba trees and association among fruit characters

The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic dissimilarity of different jabuticaba tree accessions from Prudente de Moraes, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, based on fruit characters. The genetic diversity study was carried out based on characters evaluated in fruits, and with the elimination of redundant descriptors, nine characters were selected to estimate genetic divergence and perform clustering. The Standardized Mean Euclidian Distance was used as dissimilarity measure. The clustering methods used were Tocher and the nearest neighbor. Correlation analysis among characters was performed by Pearson correlation (p> 0.05). Accessions 4, 5, 7 and 12 have potential for in improvement programs aiming for productivity. The character that contributed most to the genetic diversity of the accessions were the soluble solids important for the processing industry and for fresh consumption. Genotypes showed variability for most characters analyzed showing the possibility of selection and identification of parents that will be used in future crossings.

Phenotypic divergence of Plinia spp. genotypes based on plant growth behavior

Genetic divergence among population genotypes is useful for understanding the conservation of available genetic resources. The aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic divergence between the genotypes of jabuticaba tree in relation to the phenotypic characteristics of stem length and shoots analyzed in three productive cycles. The genotypes of jabuticaba tree came from the Fruteiras Nativas da Universidade Tecnologica Federal do Parana – Campus Dois Vizinhos. The genotypes had their origin in forest fragments of the Southwest Region of Parana and the State of Minas Gerais. Genetic divergence was perform through analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mahalanobis distance, Tocher optimization cluster analysis and by the nearest neighbor method. The results obtained showed that the diversity among the genotypes was alter according to the analysis cycle, because in each one there were the formation of different groups by the methods used. Genotypes from Minas Gerais tended to remain in distinct groups, since it had low similarity with the others. The genotype 'Vitorino' had a high divergence among individuals from the same place.

Analysis of the Lipolytic Potential of Filamentous Fungi Isolated from Some Plants and Soil Samples in Minas Gerais, Brazil

Microorganisms have the ability to produce several metabolites, which are widely used in biotechnological processes, including the biological catalysts called enzymes. Among these enzymes, lipases are favored because they perform various catalytic reactions such as hydrolysis, esterification, interesterification and transesterification. This work sought to isolate filamentous fungi from samples collected in Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil, analyze their macroscopic morphological characteristics, determine the effect of temperature on their growth, and verify which organisms are potential lipase producers. From four collection sites, nine fungi were isolated from the leaves and soil of the jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) tree and three fungi from the Andu bean leaves (Cajanus cajan). The macroscopic morphological characteristics of the microorganisms were analyzed. For thermophilic analysis, the twelve isolated fungi and eight obtained from the laboratory bank were cultivated in a solid Potato-Dextrose-Agar medium from 30°C to 50°C, with intervals of 5°C. The growth rate per hour after 48 hours of development was calculated. For the selection of filamentous lipase-producing fungi, the 20 fungi were cultivated in solid BDA medium at 30°C for 96 hours, and the enzyme index was calculated. It was found that, of the 20 microorganisms, 95% developed at 30°C, and the highest growth rates were those of fungi 3.2TA, PJ8 and PJ7. At 35°C, 70% of the fungi developed, and the highest growth rates were those of fungi 3.2TA, MB2.2 and P3. At 40°C, 40% of the fungi developed, and the highest growth rates were those of fungi 3.2TA, PJ6 and PJ8. At 45°C, only the PJ6 and PJ12 fungi grew, and no organism grew at 50°C. In the screening for lipase production, the largest growth halo was observed for the 3.2TA fungus from the bank.

Adaptability and stability of jabuticaba tree genotypes based on plant growth

The aim of this work was to verify by means of adaptability and stability analyses which genotype of Plinia sp. (jabuticaba tree) is more adapted to orchard conditions, based on the measures of stem growth and primary shoots. During a three-year period, the initial growth of jabuticaba tree genotypes from the native fruit collection of the Experimental Station of the Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Câmpus Dois Vizinhos was evaluated. These genotypes included seedlings from forest fragments of the southwestern region of Paraná State and some from Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed, in a 29 x 3 factorial design, with three replicates in each treatment. Phenotypic adaptability and genotypic stability were evaluated based on the data obtained by the following methods: Eberhart and Russell, Lin and Binns and the AMMI. The analyses were carried out through the computer programs GENES and Stability. The methods that were tested to determine the adaptability and stability of the growth behaviour of the jabuticaba tree did not present consistent patterns in the results. However, the genotype generally referred to as 'Vitorino' was the most suitable for open-air cultivation.

Origin and development of reproductive buds in jabuticaba cv. Sabará (Plinia jaboticaba Vell)

The fruits of jabuticaba trees are highly valued in Brazil and eaten fresh and processed. An alternative method to improve jabuticaba cultivation is to offer the fruit throughout the year. However, this requires more information about the buds, which are located close to the bark surface. In this way, the objective of this work was to characterize the origin and development of reproductive buds of jabuticaba cv. Sabará. We collected jabuticaba branches, peeled them, and investigated the origin of the flower sprouts. In addition, buds were collected at different stages of development in the main stem (trunk), fixed, and analyzed. Based on our results, vegetative buds are axillary and shown a primary origin. In contrast, reproductive buds grow in the bark of the branches and the trunk; they are a result of the cellular activity of vascular cambium and only occur after de development of the periderm and the formation of the rhytidome. The reproductive buds were divided in four different stages of development. Stage 0 was characterized by the absence of meristematic activity and stage 1 by the presence of a previous meristem oriented towards the outer bark, that marks the beginning of reproductive bud formation. In stages 2 we observed an increase in meristem dimensions, and at stage 3, the buds were completely developed. In March reproductive budburst led to a low intensity flowering and in August led to a high intensity flowering, due to climatic conditions that the buds were exposed.

Rooting of jabuticabeira of cabinho mini-cuttings (Plinia trunciflora)

The techniques of plant multiplication, when tested with native fruit trees, have proved to be limiting in several aspects, signaling that another technique should be tested, which might be recommended for the usage, especially in the jabuticaba trees which present a higher potential. The aim of this study was to test the usage of asexual propagation through mini-cuttings in jabuticabeira of cabinho according to the collection time, mini-cutting length and concentration of IBA. The work was performed at Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) – Campus Dois Vizinhos, Brazil. The samples were collected bimonthly. Mini-cuttings (6 or 8 cm) with pair of leaves reduced to 25% of the original size were prepared. The mini-cuttings had their base immersed in liquid solution of indole-butyric acid (0, 3000 and 6000 mg L-1) and placed in plastic tubes containing commercial substratum. The experimental design was completely randomized with 2 x 3 x 6 factorial (cutting length x IBA concentration x time of the year), with four replications, the experimental unit varied according to the number of shoots obtained. After 120 days of implementation of each collection, the parameters rooting and callogenesis (%), average number of roots per mini-cutting and average root length were evaluated. After 60 days the survival of post-planting rooted mini-cuttings was evaluated. It is recommended that for the jabuticabeira of cabinho, the collection period for propagation through mini-cuttings should be in August.

Advances in the propagation of Jabuticaba tree

Abstract The Myrtaceae family has representatives spread worldwide, and Jabuticaba tree is an important species native to Brazil, which is grown not only in the backyards and domestic orchards, but also in commercial orchards, landscaping projects and in several tropical and subtropical countries. The propagation of this species in a sexual form or by seeds is simple and efficient, being able to reach 100%. However, long juvenile phase and genetic segregation have led to the search for methods that allow the propagation of selected trees and guarantee through their standardized and productive clones, fruit quality and fruiting precocity. Protocols for asexual propagation are still scarce, but they show efficient methods, making possible the commercial use and valorization of this Brazilian fruit tree. Grafting methods have proven to be efficient in more than 70% of cases. Herbaceous cutting in Jabuticaba trees shows rooting around 10%. Air layering shows rooting rates above 80%. Other methods considered for domestic use have shown satisfactory results in the formation of young saplings through woody cuttings. New studies on micropropagation and better control of herbaceous stem cutting processes could stimulate and economically increase the propagation of this fruit tree for commercial crops to produce fruits for fresh consumption or processing. Air layering and grafting are the most currently indicated methods for propagation of jabuticaba tree. This review paper shows the results of other papers and their protocols for obtaining jabuticaba tree seedlings and clonal plants.

Drying kinetics of jabuticaba pulp by regression models

Abstract Jabuticaba tree is native to the Atlantic Forest in Southern Brazil, and its fruit is widely consumed in the fresh form, but it is highly perishable, requiring conservation techniques. The aim of this study was to describe the drying kinetics of jabuticaba pulp at temperatures of 50 and 60°C, comparing the Henderson, Simple Three-Parameter Exponential, Lewis, Thompson, Fick and Wang and Sing regression models and estimating the Absolute Drying Rate (ADR) for the best model. Parameters were estimated using the SAS software. The evaluation of the quality in the adjustment and selection of models was made based on the adjusted determination coefficient, Residual Standard Deviation and Akaike Information Criterion. Models presented good adjustment to data, and the Lewis model was the most suitable to describe the drying kinetics of jabuticaba pulp at temperatures of 50 and 60°C, with drying rate of 0.000063 and 0.000082 g of water/s respectively. ADR indicated that in one third of the drying time, 70% of moisture loss occurred at both temperatures and after this period, there was a deceleration of moisture loss until stabilization, when equilibrium moisture content is reached.

Nutrient absorption and accumulation in ‘Paulista’ and ‘Sabará’ jabuticaba cultivars

Abstract The amount of nutrients accumulated and distributed in young jabuticaba trees are not yet well known. The aim of this work was to verify biomass production, nutrient accumulation and distribution in ‘Paulista’ and ‘Sabará’ jabuticaba seedlings. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse and seedlings were propagated by seeds and transplanted after 150 days into pots containing perlite and cultivated for 450 days in nutrient solution. Nutrient accumulation and distribution in the different plant organs (root, stem and leaves) were evaluated every 90 days. The mean total nutrient accumulation of ‘Paulista’ and ‘Sabará’ seedlings at 450 days were: N (706 and 611), P (81 and 62), K (541 and 409), Ca (488 and 424), Mg (66 and 54) and S (93 and 92) in mg plant-1 and Cu (1578 and 1635), Fe (20887 and 19652), Mn (13975 and 13434), Zn (4921 and 4048) and B (642 and 764) in µg plant-1, respectively. ‘Paulista’ and ‘Sabará’ jabuticaba seedlings presented the following tendency of nutrient accumulation and distribution among organs: leaf > stem > root. Thus, this work can be a useful reference for studies on the fertilization management in jabuticaba seedlings.

Reproductive and vegetative behavior of hybrid jabuticaba tree under flowering induction

ABSTRACT Brazil is one of the countries with the greatest vegetal diversity in the world, especially for the Myrtaceae family, to which the jabuticaba tree belongs. Its fruits are of great acceptability, but it is little explored commercially, because it takes a long time to reach the production stage. This study aimed to evaluate the vegetative and reproductive behavior of hybrid jabuticaba trees under flowering induction treatments. A randomized block design was used, with the following treatments: calcium carbide, etefon, paclobutrazol, daily irrigation management and control. Growth and reproductive development data were evaluated. For vegetative growth, there was no difference among the treatments, demonstrating no negative effect. On the other hand, paclobutrazol showed to be the most promising treatment, because it anticipates flowering, is effective in induction and results in a higher production.

<b>Aspects of the sensorial quality and nutraceuticals of <i>Plinia cauliflora</i> fruits

Nationally known in Brazil, the jabuticabeira or jabuticaba tree produces fruits of wide commercial acceptance. However, little use of jabuticaba in commercial orchards and large genetic erosion of jabuticaba caused by human activities in its habitats have been historically observed. Thus, the goal of this study was to characterize fruits of the jabuticaba tree (Plinia cauliflora) in a forest fragment maintained in southwestern Paraná State in an attempt to identify trees with superior fruits for future selection as cultivars or male genitors. To this end, 15 variables linked to sensory and biochemical characteristics of harvested fruits were analysed during two years of production. Twenty percent of the genotypes that showed the highest frequency of superiority in the evaluated characteristics were preselected for analysis. The quality of the analysed fruits indicated their potential for use. Thus, this work resulted in the preselection of jabuticaba genotypes 7, 42, 43, 47, 54, 91, 97, 104, 105, 118, 134, 153, 154, 157, 163, 169, 177, 186, 212, J7-01, and J7-02, with 16 and 194 the only genotypes that had already been selected for superior characteristics during both growing cycles.

DIVERSIDADE FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DOS FRUTOS DE JABUTICABEIRAS EM UM SÍTIO DE OCORRÊNCIA NATURAL

RESUMO Conhecer a variabilidade genética de uma espécie, manifestada em caracteres morfológicos e agronômicos, é fundamental para orientar sua conservação e manejo, e subsidiar programas de melhoramento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a diversidade físico-química dos frutos de jabuticabeiras (Plinia cauliflora) em um sítio de ocorrência natural, no município de Passo Fundo-RS. Em uma população de aproximadamente 300 jabuticabeiras, coletaram-se frutos de 40 genótipos para a avaliação de doze caracteres. Os dados foram submetidos à análise descritiva, de correlação e multivariada. Utilizou-se do método de agrupamento UPGMA, a partir da distância euclidiana média. Os genótipos G18 e G35 destacaram-se pelas características relacionadas com o tamanho e o sabor dos frutos, e também por apresentarem alta divergência genética com os demais genótipos. A relação SST/ATT foi o caractere que mais contribuiu para a divergência genética (41,56%), seguido pela porcentagem de polpa (25,76%) e de casca (23,24%). Houve a formação de seis grupos de genótipos similares. Verificou-se, portanto, que jabuticabeiras nativas de um mesmo sítio de ocorrência apresentam frutos com características físico-químicas variáveis, revelando a existência de genótipos com caracteres de interesse no melhoramento da espécie.

Análise de trilha em caracteres de frutos de jabuticabeira

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar os efeitos diretos e indiretos de caracteres dos frutos de jabuticabeira (Plinia cauliflora) sobre o rendimento de polpa e o teor de antocianinas na casca. Foram coletados frutos de 36 jabuticabeiras, em cinco locais de ocorrência, na região Sudoeste do Paraná. Diferentes estratégias de análise de trilha foram utilizadas na avaliação dos seguintes caracteres dos frutos: peso e diâmetro; rendimento de polpa; percentual de sementes e casca; teores de sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável, antocianinas e flavonoides; e número de sementes por fruto. A estratégia de análise de trilha com regressão em crista teve melhor desempenho que a de análise com exclusão de caracteres, principalmente sob presença de multicolinearidade severa no conjunto de dados. O percentual de polpa e o teor de sólidos solúveis totais podem servir de critérios de seleção indireta no aumento do teor de antocianinas na casca da jabuticaba. O percentual de casca é a principal característica com efeito determinante no percentual de polpa de jabuticabas, e a seleção indireta para frutos com menor quantidade de casca pode ser eficaz para aumentar o rendimento de polpa.

Fruit quality of jabuticaba progenies cultivated in a tropical climate of altitude

Introduction. The jabuticaba tree (Myrciaria jabuticaba) belongs to the Myrtaceae family and produces a small fruit, native to central, southern and southeastern Brazil. Materials and methods. Fruits of 25 progenies of the jabuticaba tree, grown in a tropical highland cli- mate, were evaluated as to physical, physicochemical and chemical characteristics: weight, lon- gitudinal and transverse diameters, pulp and peel yields, seed mass, number of seeds per fruit, pulp and peel moisture, soluble solids, titratable acidity, (soluble solids/titratable acidity) ratio, pH, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. The experimental design was completely rando- mized, the treatments being the 25 jabuticaba tree progenies. Results. A significant effect among progenies was observed for all characteristics evaluated. The chemical composition showed that the jabuticaba peel has a high phenolic compound content, and considerable fla- vonoid content. These results indicate that there is variability for the characteristics analyzed, enabling the economic exploitation of jabuticaba tree fruits for in natura consumption and pro- cessing. Conclusions. The physical and chemical characteristics combined can be proposed as excellent tools to select superior progenies. The fruits of five progenies showed desirable cha- racteristics for the in natura market, while fruits of five other progenies hold high concentra- tions of natural antioxidants and may be listed as excellent options for the food industry.

Conservação e teste de tetrazólio em sementes de jabuticabeira

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar embalagem a vácuo e biofilme sobre a viabilidade de sementes de jabuticabeira [Plinia trunciflora (O. Berg) Kausel], bem como verificar a aplicabilidade do teste de tetrazólio em sementes dessa espécie. O experimento foi realizado no Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal e na Unidade de Ensino e Pesquisa Viveiro de Produção de Mudas Hortícolas, da Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - Câmpus Dois Vizinhos. O experimento foi em blocos ao acaso, em fatorial 2 (utilização de vácuo) x 3 (tipo de revestimento) x 5 (tempo de armazenamento), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por unidade experimental. As sementes, após extraídas, foram separadas em dois lotes, sendo um para uso de embalagem a vácuo e outro não. A partir de cada lote, houve a divisão em três sublotes de acordo com o tipo de revestimento, quais sejam: fécula de mandioca (3% m v-1), quitosana (3% m v-1) e sem biofilme. Posteriormente, as sementes foram armazenadas em câmara fria, utilizando temperatura de 5± 1°C, por 7; 14;21; 28 e 35 dias. Foram analisadas as porcentagens de emergência, de viabilidade das sementes pelo teste de tetrazólio e o índice de velocidade de emergência. Recomenda-se armazenar as sementes de jabuticabeira em embalagem a vácuo. Na impossibilidade de utilizar embalagem a vácuo, as sementes desta fruteira devem ser revestidas com biofilme à base de quitosana ou fécula de mandioca. O teste de tetrazólio demonstrou-se viável e mais rápido para avaliar a viabilidade das sementes de jabuticabeira.